AEROSOLS: types

• Dust• Smoke• Fly ash• pollen

• Cloud• Mist• Fog• smog

• SOLID • LIQUIID

Mount manitoba, June 1991

Asian brown cloud over China

AEROSOLS: sources

• Dust• Smoke• Fly ash• pollen• plant fragments• cement• brake lining• tires• soil

chemical concentrationfactor (surface effects)

CCF = [aerosol]/[sea]

DUST SEA

AEROSOLS: sizes

• > 400 nm scatter light• < 0.01 micron coagulate• > 10 micron settle out

• Typical size: 0.1-1 micron

AEROSOLS: how to measure them

Alphabet soup:

• COH• TSP• IP• TDF• PM10

• light scattering• collecting on filters

AEROSOLS: how to measure them

Alphabet soup:

• COH• TSP• IP• TDF• PM10

Coefficient of HazeDraw 300 meters through a filtermeasure absorbance x 100>6 bad for asthmatypical samples 5-10 micron

AEROSOLS: how to measure them

Alphabet soup:

• COH• TSP• IP• TDF• PM10

Total Suspended ParticulateWeighing after filteringUnits: μg/m3

“normal” ~ 10 μg/m3

sometimes 500 μg/m3 in cities

AEROSOLS: how to measure them

Alphabet soup:

• COH• TSP• IP• TDF• PM10

Inhalable ParticulatesGenerally IP ~ 0.45 TSP

AEROSOLS: how to measure them

Alphabet soup:

• COH• TSP• IP• TDF• PM10

Total Dust Fallunits: g m-2 month-1

should be < 7 g m-2 month-1

often exceeded in industrial areas

AEROSOLS: how to measure them

Alphabet soup:

• COH• TSP• IP• TDF• PM10

Particulate matter < 10 micron

PM10 = TSP < 10 μ

150 PAHsWith 2 – 7 rings

CombustionProducts.Fly-ash vs. bottom-ash

• Nuclei mode• Accumulation mode• Coarse particle mode

Particulate air quality in major world cities. Values are annual PM10 means. Horizontal line is WHO air quality guideline