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NASA Langley Research CenterAAAC

Aerodynamics, Aerothermodynamics, and AcousticsCompetency (AAAC): Overview

Ajay KumarDirector, AAACNASA Langley Research CenterHampton, VA


NASA’s VisionNASA’s Vision

To improve life here,To extend life to there,To find life beyond.

To improve life here,To extend life to there,To find life beyond.

To understand and protect our homeplanet

To explore the Universe and search forlife

To inspire the next generation ofexplorers

…as only NASA can.

To understand and protect our homeplanet

To explore the Universe and search forlife

To inspire the next generation ofexplorers

…as only NASA can.

NASA’s MissionNASA’s Mission


NASA Langley Research Center

Founded in 1917• First civil aeronautical

research laboratory

Facilities• $4 billion replacement value

Programs• $742M total FY 03 budget

People• 2366 Civil Servants• 1792 Contractors


In alliance with industry, other agencies, academia,and the atmospheric research community,

in the areas of aerospace vehicles,aerospace systems analysis and atmospheric science

we undertake innovative, high-payoff activitiesbeyond the risk limit or capability of commercial enterprises

and deliver validated technology, scientific knowledgeand an understanding of the Earth’s atmosphere

Langley MissionLangley Mission

Our success is measured by the extentto which our research results improve the quality of life


Independ. Prog. Assess.

Benik

Aerospace Systems Concepts & AnalysisVacant

Business Mgmt Offices

Program Offices

R&T Competencies Systems EngineeringJurczyk

Airborne SystemsArbuckle

AtmosphericSciences

McMaster

Aerodynamics,Aerothermodynamics,

and AcousticsKumar

Structures andMaterials

Shuart

Space Access & Exploration

Saunders

AerospaceVeh. Sys. Tech.

Tenney

Airspace SystemNewsom

AviationSafety Finelli

Earth & SpaceScience

Sandford

Prog. Dev.& Mgmt

Off.Buonfigli

Agency Functions

Wind TunnelFac. Group

Gloss

Office of DirectorD. C. Freeman, DirectorVacant, Deputy Director

R. M. Martin, Assoc. Dir. for Program IntegrationD. L. Dwoyer, Assoc. Dir. for R&T Competencies

Vacant, Assoc. Dir. for Business ManagementC. M. Darden, Asst. Dir. for Planning

Systems Mgt. OfficeM. Gilbert

Human ResourcesRay, Acting

ProcurementStone

Chief CounselKurke

Chief Financial OffWinter

EducationMassenberg

Equal Opport.Merritt

External AffairsFinneran

LMS SupportSuddreth

Logistics Mgt.Puckett

Chief Info. OfficerMangum

Safety &Mission Assur.

Phillips

Security & Environ. Mgmt.

VacantProject

Implementation Vacant

Hdq.Function

NIA@LaRC Mgt. Off.Harris

Research &Facilities Mgt. Off.

Lundy

CALIPSO


Character of Langley Competencies

Langley’s strength is in the critical combination and integrationof our six core competencies in execution of our aerospacemission in Airframe Systems and Atmospheric Sciences.

Langley’s strength is in the critical combination and integrationof our six core competencies in execution of our aerospacemission in Airframe Systems and Atmospheric Sciences.

• Langley competencies synergistically support safe and costeffective development of revolutionary aerospace vehicletechnologies and systems

• Langley competencies focus on collecting and analyzing data toimprove the understanding of the state of the Earth’s atmosphereand to assess the impact of human-induced and natural changes tothe atmosphere


Langley’s Crown Jewel is the strength that resides in the combined critical set oftechnology competencies and facilities resident at the Center and the synergy affordedby the mutual interactions between these capabilities to execute our Airframe Systemsand Atmospheric Science Mission assignments.

Langley’s Crown Jewel is the strength that resides in the combined critical set oftechnology competencies and facilities resident at the Center and the synergy affordedby the mutual interactions between these capabilities to execute our Airframe Systemsand Atmospheric Science Mission assignments.

Aerospace Systems, Concepts, & AnalysisAerospace Systems, Concepts, & Analysis

Aerodynamics,Aerodynamics, Aerothermodynamics Aerothermodynamics

& Acoustics& Acoustics

Structures &Structures &MaterialsMaterials

AirborneAirborneSystemsSystems

AtmosphericAtmosphericSciencesSciences

Systems EngineeringSystems Engineering

•ASCAC has the lead Agency role fortechnology assessments and forrevolutionary aerospace conceptsdevelopment.

•AAAC constitutes the only remaininggrouping of comprehensive fluidmechanics capability in the Government.

•AirSC demonstrates breakthroughexperiments related to flight systems andto understand the interaction betweenthose systems and the aircrew.

•SMC leads the Agency’s CoE in structuresand materials with a comprehensive suiteof capabilities for R&T development.

•ASC provides a synergistic combination ofatmospheric sciences expertise andsensing instrumentation development andintegration.

•SEC’s breadth of capability in systemsengineering for “concept to flight” enablesthe Center’s missions

Langley’s Crown Jewel


AAAC Organizational Structure

Configuration Aerodynamics

Branch

Computational ModelingAnd Simulation Branch

Flow Physics and Control Branch

Aeroacoustics Branch

Structural AcousticsBranch

Advanced MeasurementAnd Diagnostics

Branch

AerothermodynamicsBranch

Hypersonic Airbreathing

Propulsion Branch

ModelSystems Branch

Instrumentation Systems Development

Branch

Gas, Fluid, andAcoustics Research

Support Branch

DirectorDeputy Director

Deputy Dir forAerothermodynamics and

Hypersonic PropulsionDeputy Dir for Facilities

and Test Techniques

Deputy Dir forAerodynamicsand Acoustics


AAAC Capabilities

AAAC provides complete solution capability for Researchand Technology development in aerodynamics,aerothermodynamics, acoustics, hypersonic airbreathingpropulsion– Highly skilled workforce

– Suite of facilities and associated test and measurementtechnology

– Analytical and computational tools

– Flight test development and data analysis


FY03 AAAC Workforce by Areas of Expertise

Total CS FTE 320Non-Tech 250Tech 70

Applied Aero18%

Fundamental Aero12%

Aerothermodynamics13%

Acoustics15%

Hypersonic Propulsion8%

Adv Meas/Instrumentation/Model Systems

19%

WT Experimentation3%

Management12%


• X-33,• X-33, C Cpp and C and Cmm• Pegasus, • Pegasus, CCll CCnn• NASP,• NASP, CCDDoo• F-18 E/F Wing Drop• F-18 E/F Wing Drop

• “Drag clean up” on every aircraft• “Drag clean up” on every aircraftTransportsTransports

Fighter attackFighter attack

RLV EntryRLV Entry SupersonicSupersonic

HypersonicHypersonic

TransonicTransonic

SATSSATS

Rey

no

lds

Nu

mb

erR

eyn

old

s N

um

ber

101099

Mach NumberMach Number00 11 1010 100100

101088

101077

101066

SubsonicSubsonic

Range of Wind Tunnels Required forRange of Wind Tunnels Required forFlight Vehicle DevelopmentFlight Vehicle Development

Area of ConcernArea of Concern(0.8 < M < 1.2)(0.8 < M < 1.2)~~ ~~

Peg

asu

s X

LP

egas

us

XL

Orb

iter

Pit

ch-u

pO

rbit

er P

itch

-up


AAAC Facilities

• Aerodynamic Test Facilities– National Transonic Facility/0.3-M

Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel

– 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel

– 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic tunnel

– Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel

– Low Turbulence Pressure Tunnel

– Jet Exit Test Facility

– Supersonic Low Disturbance Tunnel

– Basic Aerodynamics Research Tunnel

• Aerothermodynamic Test Facilities– 31” Mach 10 Air Tunnel

– 20” Mach 6 Air Tunnel

– 20” Mach 6 CF4 Tunnel

– 15” Mach 6 High Temperature Air Tunnel

• Scramjet Test Facilities– Combustion Heated STF (M 3.5-6)*

– Direct Connect Combustion Heated TestFacility (M 3.5-8)*

– Arc-Heated STF (M 4.7-8)*

– 8-Foot High Temperature Tunnel (M 4.5-7)*

– HYPULSE Expansion Tube (M13.5, 15, 17)*

(* Corresponding to total enthalpy)

• Acoustics Facilities– Jet Noise Lab

– Quiet Flow Facility

– Anechoic Noise Facility

– Low Speed Aeroacoustics Wind Tunnel

– Thermal Acoustic Fatigue Apparatus


AAAC Computational Codes

• Engineering codes for rapid assessment

• Full Navier-Stokes codes for aerodynamic Analysis and Design– TLNS3D, CFL3D, PAB3D, OVERFLOW

– TETRUSS, FUN3D

– CDISC

• Real gas/reacting flow codes for Aerothermodynamics andHypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion

– LAURA, GASP, VULCAN, FELISA-HYP

– FAAST

• Direct simulation Monte Carlo for transitional and rarefied flow

• Aeroacoustics/rotorcraft noise Prediction codes– TRAC, HOOP, ANOPP


Major Research Thrusts in AAAC

• Advanced/unconventional vehicle concepts with revolutionaryperformance gains

– Design to noise, Propulsion-airframe integration, aero-heating, etc.– Adaptive flow and structural concepts for performance on demand

and environmental compatibility

• Adaptive flow control for enhanced aerodynamic performance andcontrol, and noise and emission reduction

– Inherently unsteady and multidisciplinary– Requires development of micro/nano sensors and actuators– Information processing from massively distributed sensors and

actuators

• Flight performance prediction for transport and military aircraftover the flight envelope (including flutter and buffet boundaries)

– High Reynolds number wind tunnel testing and CFD for ground toflight scaling

– Geometric Scaling– Separated, unsteady turbulent flow modeling


Major Research Thrusts in AAAC (Cont.)

• Aerothermodynamic design and development of hypersonic aircraft,reusable launch vehicles, and planetary/earth entry systems

• Hypersonic and hypervelocity airbreathing propulsion flow pathdesign and development

– Airbreathing engine system that can operate over an extraordinary largerange of flight conditions

– Integration of low to high-speed engine cycles, each working efficientlythrough its operating range and being effective aerodynamically

– Stable, efficient mixing and combustion within a reasonable sizecombustor

• Aero and structural acoustics– Airframe and propulsion noise modeling and control for transport

aircraft and rotorcraft– Propulsion airframe aeroacoustics modeling and control– Interior noise reduction, aeroacoustics loads/sonic fatigue– Community noise assessment and control– Active noise control



• Advanced physical modeling– Transition onset and extent prediction across speed range

– Turbulence modeling for interacting, separated, and unsteady flows

– Turbulence-chemical kinetics interactions modeling

– High-temperature, high Mach physical/chemical modeling such asradiation, gas/surface interactions, etc.

• Computational Techniques and code development for continuumnon-reacting and reacting steady and unsteady flows (driven byaccuracy, robustness, and efficiency)

– Convergence acceleration by one to two orders of magnitude

– Innovative structured and unstructured grid adaptation

– Nontraditional approaches to CFD

– Enhanced physical/chemical modeling

– Techniques for 3-D data analysis and display



• Advanced measurement/diagnostic techniques and testingtechnology

– Quantitative local/global techniques for detailed surface and off-bodymeasurements for non-reacting and reacting flows

– Micro/nano technology devices– Design of experiments– Uncertainty analysis and statistical quality control

• Multipoint and multidisciplinary design and optimization tools– Collaborative virtual design environment– Designs at the speed of the designer

• Certification by analysis

– Highly accurate, robust, and efficient computational and experimentaltools with defined uncertainty

• Flow phenomenon-based testing for flow physics understandingand modeling, and code validation

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