Aerodrome 101

8/6/2019 Aerodrome 101

1/27

AERODROMES 101AERODROMES 101

Flight Instructor Seminars

August 2007


2/27

EVEN THE BEST PILOTS

SOONER OR LATER HAVETO COME BACK TO EARTH

AND LAND THE AIRCRAFT!


3/27

SOME TIMES WELL!SOME TIMES WELL!


4/27

SOME TIMES NOT WELL!SOME TIMES NOT WELL!


5/27

EVEN ON THE GROUNDEVEN ON THE GROUND

THERE ARE PROBLEMS!!THERE ARE PROBLEMS!!


6/27

The Dark Art of

Aerodromology


7/27


8/27


9/27

Use of aerodromesUse of aerodromes

Rule 91.127

Places a requirement on the pilot to ensure

that the aerodrome is suitable for thepurpose of take off and landing.

Requirements are also in Part 121, 125 and 135

for air operations.

Part 139 also has Use of Aerodrome requirements.


10/27

Certificated AerodromesCertificated Aerodromes

25 Part 139 Certificated Aerodromes

7 designated International Aerodromes

Certification requires an Exposition Audited on an annual basis

130 Non-Certificated Aerodromes Inspected on a three yearly basis

Includes Heliports


11/27

CAA & AerodromesCAA & Aerodromes

Part 139 aerodrome certification

Required when regular air transport

operations of aeroplanes with more than 30passenger seats.

Part 139 Advisory Circulars

Aerodrome standards for certificated

aerodromes

Guidance on design standards for non-

certificated aerodromes


12/27

So how does a Pilot know theSo how does a Pilot know theAerodromeissuitable?Aerodromeissuitable?


13/27

AIPNZAIPNZ Volume 4 DataVolume 4 Data

Aeronautical Information Publication

Volume 4

Replaced the Visual Flight Guide Includes Operational Data for:

Certificated aerodromes (Inc Heliports)

Non-certificated aerodromes available for use


14/27

What doesthis mean?What doesthis mean?


15/27

And This?And This?


16/27

AnotherExampleAnotherExample


17/27

Declared DistancesDeclared Distances

TORA Take-off run available

The length of the runway declared available and suitable for

the ground run of an aeroplane taking off.

TODA

Take-off distance available

The length of the take-off run available plus the length of the

clearway, if provided.

ASDA Accelerate stop distance available

Length of the take-off run available plus stopway.

LDA Landing Distance Available

The length of runway which is declared available and

suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing.


18/27

Location ofThresholdLocation ofThreshold

Landing Threshold.

At the extremity of a runway if there are no

obstacles.

The approach surface is an inclined plane that rises

upwards and outwards.

Displaced Landing Threshold

If an object is in the approach surface and the object

cannot be removed, the landing threshold will need

to be displaced.


19/27

Defined AreasDefined Areas Clearway An area which an aeroplane may make a

portion of its initial climb to a specified height.

Stopway Area on the ground in which an aircraft canbe stopped in the case of an abandoned take-off. A

stopway must be included within the strip.

Runway End Safety Area An area intended toreduce the risk of damage to an aeroplane undershooting or

over-running the runway.

Starter Extension Area available for the initialground roll of an aircraft which does not meet the

mandatory runway or strip width.


20/27


21/27


22/27


23/27

ObstacleClearGradientObstacleClearGradient

Effective Operational Lengths

Take-Off Distance Available (TODA) related to the

obstacle free gradient.No obstacles located within the take-off climb surface

then the EOLs normally equal the TODA.

Where an obstacle is located within the take-off climb

surface, the EOLs will be equal to the distanceavailable from the start of the take-off roll that allows

for the gradients to remain clear of that obstacle.


24/27

Take off distance gradientsTake off distance gradients

There are four types of take off distance data used:

1:20 (5%) Day VFRCode 1 and 2

1:40 (2.5%) Instrument runway or night operationsby aircraft 5700 kg or less

1:50 Precision Approach

1:62.5 (1.6%) Multi Engine One Engine Out


25/27

GradientsGradients


26/27

Effective Operational LengthsTODA related to obstacle clear gradient

1:20 1:40 1:50 1:62.5

03 2060 1860 1560 1185

21 2060 2060 2060 2060


27/27

www.caa.govt.nz

Aerodromes Helpful Information

Advisory Circular AC139-6 and AC139-7

Aerodrome 101

Documents

Transcript of Aerodrome 101