Älykäs kaupunki on 'systeemien systeemi'
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© 2014 IBM Corporation Älykäs kaupunki on ‘systeemien systeemi’ Ville Peltola, Innovation Director, CTO Office IBM Europe
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IBM:n innovaatiojohtaja Ville Peltolan puheenvuoro Mapitan kesäpäivillä 2014.
Transcript of Älykäs kaupunki on 'systeemien systeemi'
© 2014 IBM Corporation
Älykäs kaupunki on ‘systeemien systeemi’
Ville Peltola, Innovation Director, CTO Office IBM Europe
We can now measure and sense almost everything
Camera phones in existence able to document accidents, damage, and crimes
1 billionRFID tags embedded into our world and across entire ecosystems
30 billionOf new automobiles will contain event data recorders collecting travel information
85%
Instrumented Interconnected Intelligent
People, devices and systems can communicate freely
Instrumented Interconnected Intelligent
Mobile phone subscribers globally
4 billionPeople on the internet by 2011
2 billionConnected devices in the “internet of things”
1 trillion
We can use vast amounts of data in totally new ways
Instrumented Interconnected Intelligent
Or one quadrillion operations per second can be calculated
1 petaflopOf new information generated every day and can now be managed
15 petabytesOf granularity for weather prediction can be modeled and measured
1 kilometer²
Smarter Planet
Instrumented Interconnected Intelligent
An opportunity to think and act in new ways -economically, socially and technically.
+ + =
What is a system?
“Definition: A System* (from Latin systēma, in turn from Greek σύστημα systēma, "whole compounded of several parts or members“,
literary "composition“) is a set of interacting or interdependent system components forming an integrated whole”
6 IBM ConfidentialApril 11, 2023
Cities are a complex collection of systems
PEOPLE
ENERGY
WATER
ICT COMMERCE
TRAFFIC FACILITIES
…and silos
7 IBM ConfidentialApril 11, 2023
Cities have systemic challenges
In a small business district in Los Angeles, driving around for parking in one year generated the equivalent of 38 trips around the world, burned 47,000 gallons of gas, emitted 730 tons of carbon dioxide.
Congested roadways cost $78 billion annually in the form of 4.2 billion lost hours and 2.9 billion gallons of wasted gas.
8 IBM ConfidentialApril 11, 2023
Urbanization makes all the challenges even harder
In 2007, for the first time in history, the majority of the world’s population - 3.3 billion people - lived in cities. By 2050, city
dwellers are expected to make up 70% of Earth’s total population, or 6.4 billion people.
9 IBM ConfidentialApril 11, 2023
Infrastructure is aging in existing cities
Water
In the U.S., a significant water line bursts on average
every 2 minutes
Projections show energy consumption increasing by 50% in the next 25 years.
Transport Energy
33% of U.S. Roads in poor, mediocre or fair condition &
27% of bridges deficient
© 2010 IBM Corporation10 IBM ConfidentialApril 11, 2023
The need to build totally new cities
Example: Masdar, zero-CO2 ’future city’ in United Arab Emirates close to Abu Dhabi
© 2010 IBM Corporation11 IBM ConfidentialApril 11, 2023
Intelligence camerasAutomatic ticketingAccess controlIdentification systemsIntrusion alarmsVideo surveillanceFire detection and alarms…..
Alternative energy sourcesEnergy managementBuilding managementEnergy distributionStreet lightingWater distributionWater treatmentSewers……
Traffic managementRadar camerasTraffic signalingTollingPedestrian crossingsSubwaysTrainsBusesRoadsParking……
Fire enginesAmbulancesEmergency roomHealthcarePublic HealthK-12UniversitiesContinuing educationEconomic developmentSocial care……
*a philosophical position that a complex system is nothing but the sum of its parts, and that an account of it can be reduced to accounts of individual constituents
12 IBM ConfidentialApril 11, 2023
All this complexity is typically dealt by applying reductionism
We argue that we will not understand cities through reductionism
Source: Sterman, John, “Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World,” 2000, p. 18713 IBM ConfidentialApril 11, 2023
We argue that we will not understand cities through reductionism
14 IBM ConfidentialApril 11, 2023
‘Smarter Cities’ is a way to approach the complexity of the real world in terms of the flows of information by integration across multiple government agencies
Atlantic Council Awards Dinner, Washington, D.C., April 29, 2009
“And a city is a system - indeed, a city is a complex system of systems. All the ways in which the world works - from transportation, to energy, to healthcare, to commerce, to education, to security, to food and water and beyond - come together in our cities.”
Sources
• Meters• Traffic loops• Toll sensors• Surveillance cameras• Environmental sensors• Water flow, depth,….sensors• Energy flow sensors• Vehicle telematics (bus, taxi…)• Mobile telephone (anonymous)• People as sensors (environmental…)• People as data collectors (text, image, video…)
Uses
• “Understanding the city”• Multi-agency alarms and emergency response• Multi-factor predictive models (congestion prediction…)• Multi-factor risk analysis (impact of storms…)• Input to government processes (“Fix that hole”)• Polling (planning preferences…)• Billing (resource consumption, transit, parking…)• Visualizations (many kinds)
15 IBM ConfidentialApril 11, 2023
A Smarter City is considered to be a single system with many interconnecting and interdependent sub systems. The ability to instrument, interconnect and gain intelligence is a fundamental requirement for a Smarter City.
City
Water
Energy
Transportation
Security
Waste
CO Emissions
ICT
Buildings
Smarter City is a system of systems
16 IBM ConfidentialApril 11, 2023
Example: Holistic and integrated approach to city operation
17 IBM ConfidentialApril 11, 2023
Smarter City Operations Center and City Operators as new professions, who can coordinate city operations intelligently
and automatically between city agencies
Intelligent City Operations Center
Integrated Collaboration(Visualization, Dashboards, KPI’s, Events, Incidents etc.)
Integrated Operations(Process Optimization, Asset Management, Predictive Analytics, Real-Time Analytics,
Business Intelligence)
Integrated Information(Data Acquisition, Data Management, Data Storage)
Smart city technology architecture - high level view
IBM’s current Smarter Cities portfolio
Intelligent Operations Center
EventsEvents
IncidentsIncidentsEventsEvents
IncidentsIncidentsEventsEvents
EventsEvents
IncidentsIncidents
Leverage information to make better decisions
Anticipate problems through analytics to resolve them proactively
Coordinate resources and processes to operate effectively
InsightInsightDataData Events / IncidentsEvents / Incidents
21 IBM ConfidentialApril 11, 2023
22 IBM ConfidentialApril 11, 2023
Intelligent Operations Center screenshot
The Rise of the Analytics Driven Asset Management
City-wide Monitoring
Innovative technologymerges with existing
infrastructure
Key decisions basedon fact not assumptions
Controls react real time for optimal
performance
“Our assets are talking to us, we are not listening” – Mujib Lodhi
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Gigabytes of real-time traffic data available today.
But by the time it is received, it is no longer representative of the actual traffic
Issue: “real-time” is too late
IBM’s Traffic prediction: intelligence combining sensor data & sophisticated algorithms that create relevant insights from the raw data
IBM Innovation: forecast the future
IBM’s Traffic prediction tool (TPT) accurately forecasts future traffic conditions30 minutes in advance with high accuracy
volu
me
blue = forecast black = actual red = incident
time
From real time information into predictions
FireFunctionality
checks,Detector service
WaterSmart Meters,
Use / Flow Sensing
HVACFans, Variable Air
Volume, Air Quality
ElevatorsMaintenance, Performance
Access/SecurityBadge in,
Cameras, IntegrationPerimeter, Doors, Floors, Occupancy
LightingOccupancy
Sensing
24/7 MonitoringCondition Monitoring, Parking Lot Utilization
EnergySmart Meters,
Demand response
Voice/Video/Data
Community Services
Transportation, Traffic, Events
Community Services
Transportation, Traffic, Events
UtilitiesDemand Mgmt,
Cost Control
UtilitiesDemand Mgmt,
Cost Control
WeatherCurrent
Predictions
WeatherCurrent
Predictions
Emergency Services
Alerts, Actions
Emergency Services
Alerts, Actions
Commercial Potential
Advertisement
Commercial Potential
Advertisement
Integrated Building & Communications Services
An
alytics and
O
ptim
ization
Ext
ern
al
Inte
gra
tio
n
PortfolioEstates MgmtPortfolio
Estates Mgmt
OccupancySpace Mgmt
OccupancySpace Mgmt
Waste MgmtTrash/Water/Recycle
Waste MgmtTrash/Water/Recycle
ComplianceEnvironmental reports
ComplianceEnvironmental reports
Tenant ServicesHelp Desk
Tenant ServicesHelp Desk
Asset MgmtLifecycle
Asset MgmtLifecycle
Building ServicesMaintenance
Building ServicesMaintenance
Industry Specific Hospital, hotel, etc.
Industry Specific Hospital, hotel, etc.
Energy UsePassive/ActiveEnergy UsePassive/Active
Building is a ‘miniature city’ – a collection of complex systems
Infrastructure Operators
Infrastructure Engineering/Integrators
Traditional IT
Manages and operates physical infrastructure systems such as highways, bridges, airports, electric grids, etc.
Plans, advises, designs and builds urban physical infrastructure often with property owners, developers, and local governments
Provides physical components for urban systems
and serve as system
integrators for complex projects
Supplies IT components, serves as an
advisory or integrator;
provides information
backbone, data analysis and
associated services
Architecture/Engineering/Construction
Integrated End-to-EndSmarter Cities Capabilities
The emerging Smarter Cities ecosystem is characterized by different industries that are beginning to converge
Only technology?
What about the people / citizens?
People systems as data sources (100M 311 calls in NYC)
Example: Open311 and civic issue reporting / tracking
‘People systems’ are the most important systems in cities
