AECOM Risk Assessment

AECOM Risk AssessmentCapabilities and Experience

CONTENTSProviding Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Services to Our ClientsTechnical CapabilitiesPublications and PresentationsProjectsTeam/Resumes

AECOM Risk Assessment - Capabilities and Experience

1 AECOM

AECOM

AECOM has an expert global risk team.

Specialized Experience and Technical Competence AECOM provides direct experience successfully executing environmental projects throughout the US and internationally. Our teams have presented and authored dozens of risk-related conference presentations and publications. They have worked at mining sites, metals manufacturing sites, and in large river systems for a variety of private and public clients. Our risk personnel have supported multiple regulatory agencies, including USEPA and the US Army Corp of Engineers in drafting risk assessment guidance. We are currently working on over 100 risk assessment projects throughout the world. As the Engineering News Record (ENR) #1 Environmental Firm, our team qualifications, size, and diversity are unmatched. We include veteran professionals in human and ecological risk assessment, as well as related capabilities in Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA), site characterization, remediation, and response/mitigation measures on our teams as they are needed. AECOM’s Risk Assessment Technical Practice Groups (TPG) allow technical staff to share knowledge, lessons learned, and best practices from projects executed worldwide.

Why Choose AECOM? AECOM has more than 125 global practitioners in human health and ecological risk assessment with worldwide experience, including experienced risk assessment personnel in Sao Paulo and Rio De Janeiro. Each of our Brazilian staff is familiar with human health risk assessment procedures based on the methodology developed by the USEPA for contaminated sites, as adapted by CETESB (Environmental Company of Sao Paulo State). Two of our US-based experts in human health and ecological risk assessment are currently on the AECOM Brumadinho project team and are intimately familiar with the Integrated Environmental Management for Health and Environment (GAISMA) approach being developed for both the Samarco and Brumadinho projects.

EXPERIENCE. AECOM brings a cadre of technical and program professionals to address project drivers, challenges, and stressors with exceptional expertise attained through years of experience, meaning overall greater efficiency, less reactivity and award-winning environmental stewardship.

REGULATORY EXPERTISE. Decades of regulatory experience with a full understanding of internationally recognized risk protocols.

THOUROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF EVOLVING RISK PRACTICES AND REGULATORY DRIVERS. A thorough and continuous monitoring of information internal to AECOM, from the gray literature, scientific publications, conferences and the regulatory communities.

Providing Human Health and EcologicalRisk Assessment Services to Our Clients

AECOM Areas of Expertise • Complex Statistical Program Design and Data Evaluation• Conceptual Site Model Development• Ecological Risk Assessment• Exposure Assessment and Modeling• Human Health Risk Assessment• Remediation/Mitigation • Risk Communication• Toxicity Assessment• Watershed-level and Regional Risk Assessment

AECOM has been conducting risk assessments for more than 30 years, and has provided strategic risk-based decision-making input to numerous high profile remediation programs throughout the world.

AECOM Risk Assessment - Capabilities and Experience AECOM

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Technical Capabilities

INTEGRATED TOOLS — AECOM

uses fate and transport modeling

tools, GIS visualization and risk

assessment modeling to effectively identify potential strategies for risk reduction and remedial cost-savings.

Areas of Expertise

− Ecological Risk Assessment

− Human Health Risk Assessment

− Site Investigation/Remediation Risk Assessment

− Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA)

− Hazardous Waste Combustion Risk Assessment

− Toxicology/Hazard Assessment

− Air Toxics/Residual Risk Assessment

− Natural Resource Damage Assessment

− Environmental Impact Assessment

− Expert Witness/Litigation Support

− Risk Communication/Public Involvement

− Product Stewardship

− Multi-Pathway Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment

Overview

Risk assessment is a critical tool in the management of

environmental liability. It can be used to answer critical

questions such as:

− Do complete exposure pathways exist? Are measures

necessary and available to reduce the risk? What are the

optimal remedial strategies?

− How can risk reduction be optimized?

Our Approach

Using risk assessment techniques, we can help you to:

− FOCUS and IMPROVE the efficiency of environmental sampling/monitoring

− AVOID the collection of excessive and unusable data

− PREVENT unnecessary and ineffective remediation/pollution control

− JUSTIFY alternate cleanup levels

− IDENTIFY and MINIMIZE environmental liability

− PROMOTE site redevelopment and use

− PRIORITIZE investigation/research/risk-reduction

efforts− IMPROVE communication among industry, government

and the public

− ALLEVIATE public concern about environmental

exposures when concern is unwarranted

− PROVIDE technically sound negotiating positions

www.aecom.comTechnical Sales Sheet

Key Attributes

− Our nationwide and international practice brings you

local knowledge and leadership with access to a large

network of technical specialists in multiple disciplines.

− A track record for obtaining site-specific, risk-based cleanup levels that are higher than default-screening

levels.

− Ensuring appropriate data are obtained to make

environmental decisions, which has saved clients

millions of dollars.

− Ability to customize the site-specific assessment. − Experience for a broad range of sources and

constituents, including jet fuels, diesel and other

petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, metals, pesticides,

asbestos, dioxins, PCBs, munitions, chemical warfare

agents and radionuclides.

− Proven track record of successfully working with Federal

and State regulators.

We have particular expertise in:

− Biota sampling and analysis

− Development of ecological toxicity values

− Exposure modeling

− Ecological surveys and field studies − Chemical fate and transport modeling

− Vapor intrusion modeling and risk

− Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

− Statistical design including probabilistic methods

− Regulatory support

− Contaminated sediments (including sediment triad

approach)

− Emerging chemicals

− Toxicity and bioaccumulation testing

− Bird exposure to lead pellets

− RESRAD-BIOTA

AECOM www.aecom.com

AECOM

Technical Sales Sheet

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Indigenous Engagement Consulting Services

Specialized Services − Community-Specific Consultation − Negotiation of Agreements − Mediation & Conflict Resolution − Strategic Communications & Media Relations − Partnership Development − Integrated Technical Review of EA Documents − Traditional Knowledge (TK) Studies

- Land Use Mapping - Elder & Youth Engagement - Knowledge Transfer & Training

− Community Scans & Analysis − Environmental & Socio-Economic Impact

Assessments − Meeting Facilitation & Workshops − Capacity Building & Training

More InformationAndrew Mathewson (Canada West/North)604.444.6579 | [email protected]

Ron Typliski (Prairies)204.928.7439 | [email protected]

Marvin Stemeroff (Ontario)519.840.2256 | [email protected]

Martin Côté (Quebec and Labrador)418.871.2444 | [email protected]

OverviewAt AECOM, fostering positive Indigenous relationships and keeping projects on time and budget is what we do best. We work with clients to develop effective consultation and engagement programs that strike the right balance to help projects stay on track.

Our team of qualified professionals design engagement strategies that improve decisions, forge partnerships, and mobilize support for your project.

− Achieve Results − Increase Dialogue − Meet Regulatory Requirements − Foster Positive Relationships − Improve Corporate Reputation − Respect Unique Contributions − Keep Projects On Track − Maintain Adaptability


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Areas of Expertise − Communications Strategy Plan − Printed Information Materials − Preparation of News Releases, Media Briefs, and

Presentation Materials − Website Development and Management − Q&As − “Behind the Scenes” Briefings − Risk Communications − Public Information Forums − Mailing Lists − Information Repositories

Community/Stakeholder Relations

OverviewRegulatory agencies, stakeholders and the public are often concerned about the potential threats and impact of environmental projects — actual and perceived — to public health and the environment. When a project is complicated by political, environmental, or site conditions, these complications are difficult to understand. No matter how sound the proposal or technical solution is, the project can be delayed, if the community distrusts the source of the technical analyses. This will impact the schedule and, usually, the cost of an otherwise successful project.

AECOM’s experience and literature confirm that the best approach to community relations is to keep stakeholders and the public informed throughout project planning process, so that no one feels the need to take dramatic action to be heard or considered. Research has shown that regular communications lead to familiarity; familiarity can lead to understanding, which can increase one’s comfort and decrease one’s perception of risk.AECOM’s community relations experts have implemented successful, cost-effective public involvement programs to support complex environmental projects for many private and public sector clients, including:

− Major government agencies − Multinational manufacturers − Global oil and gas firms − Integrated power companies

Our Approach Our approach to community relations projects is to work as a team with our clients’ environmental and communications professionals to develop effective strategies and implement successful programs. AECOM’s Community Relations Specialists work side-by-side with our project and site managers, technical staff, and scientific risk assessors to help identify key community issues, and articulate a realistic and understandable view of the work being done and the potential risks or exposures involved. Aware of important issues potentially affecting a site, we communicate the facts in a non-threatening manner to enhance understanding and trust.


Our experience has shown that focused planning facilitates effective community relations – and successful projects. AECOM focuses on:

− Minimizing project costs and delays − Identifying, anticipating, and addressing public concerns − Establishing and improving our clients’ credibility − Improving the quality of decisions through consensus-

building

Areas of ExpertiseAECOM has extensive experience in developing strategies, and sharing information through community communications, public education, and outreach programs. Nearly all of our projects involve communicating technical information in a manner easily understood by both technical and non-technical audiences. Our work has included communications tools for a wide range of environmental projects, including:

− COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY PLAN. A Communications Strategy Plan is a key element in creating and maintaining effective communications with stakeholders and the community. An effective Plan should outline the essential components of a Community Relations Program, including rationale for conducting the program; events that will require communications; messages to convey; potential audience for communications; vehicles to convey message(s); participants in communications process and their roles; and timing of events/schedule.

− PRINTED INFORMATION MATERIALS. Printed information materials include Fact Sheets, Newsletters, Brochures, and Issue Papers, which are useful tools for providing information to the community about a project. We are adept at dispelling public fears of misunderstood projects, which often boil down to fear of the unknown or fear of unforeseen consequences.

− PREPARATION OF NEWS RELEASES, MEDIA BRIEFS, AND PRESENTATION MATERIALS. We assist our client in distributing accurate, scientifically-sound information to media outlets and other information providers.

− WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT. AECOM’s project websites for its clients are an integral tool for providing accurate information to the community on multiple issues surrounding a project.

− Q&AS. Developed for internal project team use, Q&As “brainstorm” questions or concerns the public may have regarding the site, and develop answers to these questions. By having the questions and answers formalized, all project team members can provide consistent responses to public or media inquiries.

− INTERNAL TEAM BRIEFINGS. Often, our clients’ public relations professionals or media contact person(s) are the focus of inquiries from the public or press. We work “behind the scenes” with these persons to ensure they are adequately briefed on the site, the issues, and the action plan. Often, AECOM develops answers to the “tough questions” the public or media may ask, documents these answers in an internal briefing document, and distributes this to all team members.

− RISK COMMUNICATIONS. AECOM specializes in preparing and implementing effective risk communications programs by working with the scientific risk assessors to articulate a realistic view of the risk for the public.

− PUBLIC MEETINGS AND INFORMATION FORUMS. These forums, which include stakeholder/community advisory groups, restoration advisory boards, and open houses, are managed, developed and coordinated by AECOM to ensure maximum participation, and rational, science-based communication among all parties.

− MAILING LISTS. An essential element of each Community Relations Program, a mailing list is typically generated by reviewing potential stakeholders in the cleanup of the site (e.g., local, county, state officials) and potential impacted citizens (e.g., residents or businesses in a certain radius of the site).

− DOCUMENT REPOSITORIES. Typically housed in public libraries or town offices, a document repository provides a central location for the community to access important site information.

AECOM www.aecom.com

AECOM

Technical Sales Sheet

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Comprehensive Sediment Management Services

AECOM’s integrated approach — risk-based sediment assessment coupled with innovative design and engineering solutions — delivers sustainable and cost-effective results

Sediment management is becoming an increasingly

important aspect of the site closure and environmental

restoration process. Stakeholder and agency interest in

sediment assessment and remediation is expected to

substantially increase the number of sites requiring in-water

management, remediation, or restoration.

In-water sites are becoming increasingly complex with the

expectation that all sources of contamination (i.e., storm

water) will be controlled and clean-up goals met by the time

remediation is complete.

The AECOM sediment management team provides

extensive project experience and technical capabilities

for conducting complex programs on contaminated

sediment sites. With our truly global footprint, broad

technical expertise, and well-established Health and Safety

program, AECOM is a single source for integrated sediment

management services.

AECOM offers expertise in virtually all aspects of contaminated sediment and dredged material management.

We apply our services on a wide variety of development,

cleanup, and restoration projects, including some of the

nation’s most complex sediment management problems.

Our sediment and waterway restoration project teams

are known for establishing strong long-term working

relationships with a wide range of public and private sector

clients. Our customers include industry and PRP groups,

as well as state and federal governmental entities and port

authorities.

Many of our projects involve helping to set strategies for

site management and risk-based closure. We provide expert

leadership in establishing sediment clean-up levels, cost

forecasting, liability management, public relations, and

ultimately helping our clients reach sustainable solutions on

complex sediment sites.

Our service highlights include:

− All aspects of sediment sampling and analysis

− Ecological and human health risk assessment

− Extensive sediment remediation and waterways design

and implementation experience

− Experienced RI/FS/RD/RA program management

− Exceptional multi-disciplinary technical capabilities

− Creative and effective PRP advocacy − Keen understanding of regulatory and technical

obstacles in sediment risk management

− Cost-effective contaminated sediment solutions

AECOM

AECOM Services

Site Investigation

− Site characterization

− Conceptual site models

− Data management and visualization

− Sediment stability

− Contaminant fate and transport modeling

Risk Management Strategies

− Practical cleanup and end-point strategies

− Bioavailability and toxicity assessments

− Integrated restoration and reuse strategies

− Human health and ecological risk assessments

− Source control and watershed management

− Risk communication: community and stakeholder

involvement

Remedial Design & Engineering

− Monitored natural recovery

− Activated Carbon and other ENR treatments

− In situ capping

− In situ treatment: biological, chemical, physical

− Ex situ: dredging, excavation

− Institutional controls

− Combined approaches

Dredged Material Management

− Chemical, toxicology, biological assessment

− Dredged material disposal monitoring

− Disposal area recovery monitoring

− Transportation and disposal

Ecosystem Services

− Freshwater and coastal wetland restoration

− SAV Restoration

− Fish passage and dam removal

− NRDA consulting

Project Implementation

− Project management

− Construction management

− Cost control

− Health and safety management

− Long-term monitoring

− Water treatment and management

Safety is a core value at AECOM. We have completed hundreds of thousands of hours of sediment field work without incident.

AECOM

Publications and Presentations

Risk Assessment TeamExamples of Publications and Presentations

Goodrich, M and C. Crane. 2004. Ecological Risk and Liability Analyses of Ecosystem/Wetland Restoration of Agricultural and Reclaimed Land. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Tennessee Water Resources Symposium. R.C. Dickin, M.Sc., P.Geo. CSAP, FGC., J. Phibbs, M.Sc.,R.P. Bio., M. Rankin, M.Sc., R.P. Bio., M. Sanborn, M.Sc., R.P. Bio., October 2014. Risk-Based Remedial Planning For the Abandoned Emerald Glacier Mill and Tailing Site B.C. Technical and Research Committee on Reclamation - 38th Annual Mine Reclamation Symposium, Prince George.

Mancini, C., N.R. Grosso and C. Foran, PhD. 2016. Benefits of an Adaptive Management Framework in Remedial Program Development; South River VA, a Case Study. Presentation at the 2016 Fall Sponsor Program for the Sediment Management Work Group.Mancini, C., J. Collins, S. Thakali, and R.G. Stahl, PhD. A Mercury Impacted Aquatic Food Web Based on Empirical Data. Presented at the November 2016 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Orlando, Fla.Mancini, C. and W. Reese III. 2017. Co-chairs of Session: Remediation/Restoration - Innovative Design and Monitoring Techniques. To be convened at the November 2017 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Minneapolis, Minnesota.Mancini, C. and M. Liberati. 2017. Case Study of Multi-Faceted Public Outreach Program for Mercury Impacted River. Presented at the International Conference for Mercury as a Global Pollutant. Providence, RI.

Mancini, C., S. Thakali, Ph.D., N.R. Grosso. 2019. Benefits of an Enhanced Adaptive Management model in stakeholder communications. SETAC 2019 Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada.

Hoffman, K., N. Grosso, R.G. Stahl Jr, Ph.D., C. Mancini, C. Patmont and R.Davis. 2015. Striking a Balance Between Remedial Goals and Habitat Function: An Exercise in Consensus Building. Poster presented at the November 2015 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Long, G., C. Mancini, M. Nicholson, and P. Mazierski. 2009. Evaluation of Benthic Communities in an Embayment of Lake Ontario Receiving Cooling Water Effluent. Presented at the Fifth International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments in Jacksonville, Florida in February 2009.

Mancini, C. 2015. Development and Use of Background Datasets: Regulatory Challenges. Presented at the Sediment Management Work Group Fall Forum. Washington D.C. December 2-3, 2015.

Rankin, M. 2009. Abandoned Mines – Attempts to face the unwanted legacy in Chile.” Paper presented at Securing the Future and 8th ICARD, June 23-26, 2009 (with Skellefteå, Sweden, Sven Renner, Roberto Ponce, Brian Griffin, Rosana Moraes, Manfred Dalheimer, and Maria Eugenia Parot).

Rankin, M. 2007. Abandoned Mines in Peru – Prioritization of Environmental Remediation,” proceedings of the Second International Seminar on Mine Closure, October 16-19, 2007. Presented at Mine Closure 2007. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Publisher (with A. Almenara, A. Rodriguez, and G.A. Tremblay).

Rankin, M. 2003. Evaluation of options for acid generating tailings deposited on an arid Peruvian Coast. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, July 2003, Cairns, Australia (with Bertrand, V., R. Verburg, and F. Medina).


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AECOM

Risk Assessment TeamExamples of Publications and Presentations

Rankin, M. 2003. Assessment of Arsenic-Contaminated Tailing in Yellowknife Bay: Implications to Long-term Environmental Management Options”, presented at the ARCSACC ’03 Conference, Edmonton, Alberta, 2003 (with V. Bertrand, J. Hull, and R. Connell).Rankin, M. 1998. Ecological Risk Assessment of Metals and Acid Rock Drainage. Presented at the 5th Annual BC Metal and Acid Rock Drainage Workshop: Assessment and Management of the Risks Associated with Metal Leaching and Acid Rock Drainage at Mine sites, Vancouver, British Columbia, December 9-10th, 1998 (with R. Verburg and R. Robinson).

Reese, W.J. III. 2015. Site-specific application of the Bioaccumulation and Aquatic System Simulator (BASS) for mercury bioaccumulation in the South River, Virginia. Poster presented by C. Mancini at the November 2015 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Reese, W.J. III, C. Mancini, and R.G. Stahl, Jr, PhD. 2015. Use of a Bioaccumulation Model to Simulate Methylmercury Biomagnification by Fish in the South River, Virginia, USA. AFS American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting. 16-20 August, 2015 | Portland, Oregon, USA.

Ruffle, B., J. Henderson, C. Murphy-Hagan, G. Kirkwood-Cohen, F. Wolf, and D. Edwards. 2017. Application of Probabilistic Risk Assessment: Evaluating Remedial Alternatives at the Portland Harbor Superfund Site, Portland, Oregon, USA. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 14(1):63-78.

Ruffle, B., M. Norman, and K. Vosnakis. 2015. Assessment of Chemical and Pathogen Risks at an Urban River. Invited Platform Presentation in session on Multi-Stressor Impacts, SETAC N. A. 36th Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City. Nov. 1-5, 2015. Ruffle, B., S. Baird, G. Kirkwood, and J. Breidt. 2014. Analysis of Site-Specific Creel/Angler Survey Data for a Contaminated Urban River. Invited Platform Presentation in session on Regional Fish Consumption, Bioaccumulation, and Risk Mgt. Decisions as Drivers of Human Health Based WQC and Sediment Cleanup Levels, SETAC N.A. 35th Annual Meeting, Vancouver. Nov. 10-13, 2014.

Ruffle, B., L. Bradley, K. Durocher, and L. Fraiser. 2011. Development of a Realistic Conceptual Site Model for an Urban River Sediment Site. Platform Presentation at Urban Waterways Session. Battelle’s Sixth International Conference on Contaminated Sediments. New Orleans, LA. Feb. 9, 2011.

Thakali, S. Ph.D., B. Reese, D. Jones, J. Collins, A. Miano, J. Badner and Ceil Mancini. 2019. Predicting Ecotoxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Using In Vitro and In Silico Information. Environmental Risk Assessment of PFAS. 12-15, August, 2019, Durham, NC, USA SETAC North American Focused Topic Meeting.

Robuck, A., C. Mancini, D. Knappe, and R. Lohmann. 2019. Environmental occurrence, bioaccumulation, fate, and transport of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and its relationship to risk characterization. Co-Chair at the 2019 Annual SETAC Meeting, Toronto, Canada.Thakali, S; Loso, H; Welshofer, G. 2019. Predicting Ecotoxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Using In Vitro and In Silico Information. SETAC North America Focused Topic Meeting: Environmental Risk Assessment of PFAS. 12-15 August 2019, Durham, NC, USA.

Thakali, S. Ph.D., A. Miano, J. Collins, C. Mancini, R.G. Stahl Jr., Ph.D., D.A.B.T, M.R. Liberati. 2018. Relative Risk Models Using Bayesian Networks: Application, Communication and Regulatory Use. SETAC 2018 Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA.Thakali, S; Sharma, M; Verslycke, T. 2008. Environmental safety ranking framework for surfactants in personal care products (PCPs). Presented at the 2008 Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting, Boston, MA.


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AECOM

Project Experience

URS’s risk assesment was proactive in anticipating future regulatory change, and demonstrated low human health risks on site, facilitating a no further action status.

ClientFederal – USDA Forest Service

LocationAlaska, USA

Contract ValueUSD 183K

Years2011—2014

More [email protected]

* This project was completed by URS which became a part of the AECOM family of companies in October 2014.

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment for Mahoney Mine

Project OverviewAt this former zinc mining site in the Tongass National Forest, URS used a risk-based approach to evaluate the residual human and ecological risks after remediation of mine tailings. An innovative use of blood lead models was undertaken to assess the risks to adult and child recreational users that have limited exposure to the soil and seeps in this remote location and that may ingest fish caught in the local waterway.

Client Benefits − Through good project management and efficient use of

resources, URS was able to provide additional services within the existing budget to respond to significant demands from a state regulatory agency.

− URS’s use of ADEC’s 350 Determination Rule provided supporting evidence that groundwater was not a usable drinking water source, saving the client the expense of bring water quality up to drinking water standards.

− URS risk assessors were proactive in responding to potential changes in risk assessment guidance regarding acceptable blood lead levels and provided results using two alternative lead model thresholds, resulting in a complete risk assessment document that wouldn’t need future revisions if regulatory thresholds changed.

Work PerformedMahoney Mine was the first zinc-producing mine in Alaska and is located near the mouth of a small lagoon where Mahoney Lake Creek empties into George Inlet. Processing of mineralized rock resulted in generation of contaminated tailings. URS performed a residual risk assessment on the Mahoney Mine site subsequent to removal actions in 2003 and 2008. The purpose of the residual risk assessment was to evaluate whether removal action alternatives performed to date were sufficient to protect human health and the environment. The following tasks were completed:

www.aecom.comCase Study

− Scoping meetings were held between URS, regulatory personnel and the Forest Service at the outset of the project. The intent of these meetings were to get regulatory concensus on the risk assessment approach and additional data needs

− Conceptual site models were developed to assist in the evaluation of data gaps and ensure that only data needed to complete the risk assessment was collected. Use of existing lead XRF data was instrumental in evaluating additional data needs.

− A detailed site investigation and risk assessment workplan encouraged regulatory input early on in the process and assisted in the transition to a new regulatory project manager. However, this change did result in unanticipated supplemental regulatory comments.

− URS’s Anchorage office performed field data collection to fill data gaps. This capability allowed the team to provide full services on this project, including sampling in remote regions of Alaska.

− The preparation of a human health and ecological risk assessment report and response to agency comments provided the opportunity to develop an innovative use of blood lead models to assess the risks to adult and child recreational users from lead exposure. Modifications to the traditional lead models were necessary for this site because recreational users at the site would have limited

access to contact the soil and seeps in this remote location. In addition, it was necessary to incorporate a fish ingestion pathway to include lead exposure from fish caught in the local waterway.

Despite being required to assess risks under conservative assumptions, the Forest Service was able to utilize the risk assessment report to support a no further action decision.

“URS has consistently provided high quality analyses and documents throughout the project. They responded appropriately to comments from a state regulatory agency at Forest Service request. Their responses to requests and questions, and document submittals were timely. Documents were well-written, thorough, and contained appropriate citations and supporting data. URS staff was always professional and responsive to requests from the Forest Service.”

Della KoellingUSDA Forest Service Contracting Officer

AECOM www.aecom.com

AECOM

Case Study

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AECOM’s application of innovative technologies and close partnerships with Navy and regulators has resulted in trust, quick responses and effective communication that has moved this highly complex project forward in an expeditious manner.

ClientUS Navy

LocationHawaii, USA

Contract ValueConfidential

Years2009—2015


Pearl Harbor Sediment Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study

Project OverviewAECOM conducted a Remedial Investigation (RI) Addendum and Feasibility Study (FS) for the United States Navy, NAVFAC Pacific to define the extent of contamination in Pearl Harbor sediments and evaluate alternatives for remedial action to protect human health and the environment.

Client Benefits − AECOM implemented several state-of-the-art technologies

to measure sediment transport parameters (i.e., acoustic Doppler current profiler [ADCP] and SedFlume), bioavailability of chemicals in porewater and bioaccumulation (i.e., passive porewater samplers like solid phase microextraction [SPME] fibers and polyethene (PE) for organics and diffuse gradient in thin films [DGT] for metals).

− The team assisted the Navy and engaged in extensive discussions and negotiations with the project’s regulatory agencies to secure agreements and meet Navy project milestones.

Work PerformedThe scope of work included developing data quality objectives; collecting sediment and fish tissue samples for analysis of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs); refining the conceptual site model (CSM); characterizing the nature and extent of sediment contamination; evaluating COPC fate and transport; conducting sediment transport and stability studies; conducting source attribution studies; evaluating data to assess risks to human health and the environment. The team recommended remedial alternatives to address risks to human health and the environment posed by chemicals of concern (COCs) in Pearl Harbor sediments and obtained a signed ROD in September 2018.REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION The RI identified the types of chemical contaminants in Pearl Harbor sediment and biota, quantified the chemical concentrations, assessed sediment toxicity, and potential risks to human health and the environment associated with the sediments and biota, and evaluated the nature and extent of sediments that may pose unacceptable risk to human health or the environment. The investigation included an environmental background analysis


of metals, a human health risk assessment, and a baseline ecological risk assessment. The RI report concluded that the following COPCs and COPC groups exhibited human health risk above acceptable thresholds for fish and crab consumption, and ecological risk above acceptable thresholds for one or more ecological risk assessment endpoints:

− Metals (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, zinc), PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs/PCDFs, MCPP, and TNT

REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION ADDENDUM AECOM’s 2009 RI Addendum field effort included extensive sampling, sediment transport evaluation, wave/current measurements, sediment cores for radioisotope analysis of deposition rates, and water-column samples from the mouths of four major tributary streams for analysis of water quality parameters.

The RI Addendum established multiple distinct areas of the harbor as decision units (DUs) or sub-DUs, and evaluated each using a decision process based on multiple lines of evidence supported by the combined RI and RI Addendum data. Preliminary remediation goals based on risk to human health/ecological receptors and site-specific background levels were used as sediment screening criteria to evaluate the nature and extent of contamination in the harbor. The report included the following recommendations::

− No Active Remediation. The report recommended three DUs for no active remediation; the list was further refined in the FS Work Plan to include four DUs for no active remediation.

− Further Consideration for Sediments. The report recommended seven DUs and sub-DUs for further consideration of remedial action for sediments contaminated with eight metals, total PCBs, and two chlorinated pesticides. The FS Work Plan refined these recommendations to focus the FS remedial alternative evaluations on six DUs.

− Further Consideration for Long-Term Fish Monitoring. The report recommended that the FS evaluate the need for long-term fish monitoring for some areas and COPCs.

− Further Consideration for Source Control. The report recommended evaluation of potential ongoing sources of contamination and consideration of source control measures to prevent or limit further contamination of sediments.

FEASIBILITY STUDY AECOM’s 2012 FS included a field investigation to collect data and information to refine the boundaries of sediment

contamination, supplement the RI and RI Addendum results, refine the CSM and recommendations for potential source control measures, and assist in evaluating remedial alternatives for each DU recommended for further consideration for sediments. Results were used in refining the CSMs of the six DUs to identify COCs, further define the extent of contaminated sediments that may require remedial action, confirm the conclusions of the ecological and human health risk assessments, and evaluate the potential for future recontamination and natural recovery.

The FS developed three remedial action objectives to address contaminated sediments in the six DUs, and then developed remedial alternatives with varying magnitudes of risk reduction for each DU. After identifying and evaluating feasible remedial technologies, four to six alternatives per DU were retained for detailed evaluation by applying CERCLA criteria.

The detailed evaluation identified one preferred remedial alternative for each of the six DUs identified for sediment remediation. The FS also included a Conceptual Monitoring Plan for monitoring of sediment and fish tissue in all ten DUs to ensure that the proposed remedy remains protective of human health and the environment.

Support to Reach Goals of Specified IR Program

AECOM supported the Navy, which engaged in extensive discussions and negotiations with the project’s regulatory agencies to secure agreements and keep the project moving forward in light of Navy budgetary constraints.

“The Pearl Harbor Sediments project is representative of the AECOM project team’s sustained delivery of exceptional technical and management performance across two decades for the Navy. The team has contributed to the state of the practice in sediment remediation and management, published many technical articles/presentations, and delivered innovative approaches that have saved millions of dollars in averted cleanup costs for the Navy. The project team developed an innovative approach to reduce PH sediment remedy costs by approximately $100M (from $140M to $41M), and demonstrated the approach to federal and state regulators to secure their agreement. Applying sediment transport and natural recovery modeling as well as geospatial techniques, the team projected the remedy implementation over a 20-year period and developed an effective strategy using a combination of focused dredging with enhanced natural recovery, activated carbon treatment, and monitored natural recovery.”

—Kimberly Markillie, RPM, NAVFAC PacificPast Performance Questionnaire (PPQ-0), Dec. 16, 2015

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AECOM

Case Study

ENV_REM_PD_0124

Evaluated the sustainability of USEPA remedial alternatives for cleanup of Portland Harbor Superfund Site in terms of environmental quality, economic vitality, and social equity to support selection of a more beneficial, cost-effective, timely remedy

ClientGlobal Energy Company

LocationOregon, USA


Years2015—2016


Sustainability Provides Framework for Selection of a Better Alternative for Mega Sediment Site

Project OverviewAECOM developed a sustainability framework for the Portland Harbor Superfund Site in Oregon to advocate for a better, more effective and efficient remedy that balances needs of local stakeholders with environmental, social, and economic impacts of an undesirable approach. Over 10 miles of the Lower Willamette River have been impacted by industrial, marine, commercial, defense, and municipal activities of 150 parties for over 100 years. The remediation approach proposed in USEPA’s Proposed Plan for the Site may take more than a decade to complete at a high cost to stakeholders and is unlikely to achieve many of the remedial objectives for the Site. AECOM conducted a quantitative sustainability analysis, including scoring and aggregation of nearly 50 environmental, social, and economic metrics for each of five remedial alternatives in USEPA’s Feasibility Study for the Site and correlated these metrics to key stakeholder group values, determined through a review of over 280 stakeholder groups in the Portland region.

Client Benefits − Increased stakeholder communication through development of

a transparent, robust framework that supported selection of the most sustainable alternative for the Site, reducing cost and time to completion for all responsible parties.

− Applied an established framework developed for conducting Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) linked to Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) remedy selection criteria.

− Developed tools and methodologies that may be applied to other large sediment sites with broad stakeholder interest as a tool for communicating tradeoffs in terms of values and priorities.

− Gained the support of major stakeholders involved in the cleanup through local workshops to review results of our analyses, request feedback, and develop a path forward for communication of the framework.

− Enhanced visibility in the Portland region through outreach with neighborhood and Tribal groups; recreational associations; environmental, social justice, and other non-governmental organizations; regional businesses dependent on the river; and local government.


Work PerformedCost and Time AnalysisCleanup costs and construction times from the 2016 EPA Feasibility Study for Alternatives B, D, I, E, and F were evaluated in a an Excel-based cost tool adapted by AECOM from the Lower Duwamish Waterway (LDW) Final FS (AECOM, 2012) and verified by comparison with recent project experience in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). This analysis concluded that actual costs and construction times will likely be 40 to 50% higher than EPA estimates. This conclusion was confirmed by separate cost analyses conducted by three other firms for USEPA’s selected alternative in the Proposed Plan Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA)Nearly 30 environmental metrics were quantified for six remedial alternatives developed by the USEPA in the 2016 Feasibility Study (FS) and linked to CERCLA remedy evaluation criteria, each weighted according to their relative importance in remedy selection. AECOM developed quantitative NEBA scores for each CERCLA criteria as aggregations of individual metric scores that reflect the various criteria. The environmental metrics were quantified for each alternative in one of three ways:

− FS. Data were extracted from information presented in the 2016 EPA FS, including technology assignments, reduction in sediment concentrations, and post-construction risk.

− SiteWiseTM. Air emissions and worker safety risks were estimated using SiteWiseTM, a series of publicly available Excel spreadsheets used to calculate the environmental footprint of remediation activities, developed by Battelle Memorial Institute, the US Navy, and the US Army Corps of Engineers.

− Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping. Disturbances to businesses, recreational access, and ecological habitats were estimated by calculating the overlap between active remedial footprints of each alternative and various shoreline uses and over-water structures.

The major result from the NEBA is that the least expensive alternative, Alternative B, has the highest benefit score. Alternatives with larger remedial footprints and longer construction times have much higher air emissions, construction worker risk, and upland landfill disposal than the lower footprint alternatives. The results of the NEBA were also compared to remediation costs in order to assess the cost-effectiveness of the EPA remediation alternatives.

Social Values Sustainability Assessment (SEA Environmental Decisions Ltd, sub-consultant to AECOM)The metrics quantified in the NEBA and the economic assessment were adapted and integrated into a stakeholder values-based assessment that was supplemented to include social equity metrics. Metrics were aggregated into one of four Stakeholder Group (SG) Values (identified in a broad-based review of sustainability projects and regional stakeholder documents) for each pillar. Then, the sorted metrics were scored in the Excel-based Sustainable Value Assessment tool. Impact (negative) and/or benefit (positive) scores were determined for each metric and each remedial alternative on a scale of -10 to +10. The metric scores were then aggregated according to their respective SG Values. Comparing each remedial alternative in terms of disparate SG Values provides a platform for dialogue and communication on trade-offs, and supplements more established evaluation of incremental environmental benefits versus costs, such as those evaluated in the NEBA. When the diverse impacts of remedial options are considered, stakeholders can better understand the full range of potential consequences of such a substantial undertaking, supporting better-informed decisions, and ideally, avoiding single-issue decision making.

The social sustainability analysis suggests that all remedial options have environmental, economic and social impacts, which increase in proportion to the magnitude of the remedial alternative. The net SG Values-based sustainability scores (i.e., the sum of the negative and positive scores) show a clear pattern, with progressively lower net scores for the larger and more expensive alternatives. These conclusions are robust — when a broad range of positive and negative impacts of large-scale remediation is considered, regardless of the weighting approach used, the overall relative sustainability rankings of the remedial alternatives remained the same.

Advancing SustainabilityThe Portland Harbor sustainability assessment (with inputs from SEA Environmental Decisions, Ltd. And NERA Economic Consulting) is a significant step forward in developing a sustainability framework that can be used as an aid to environmental decision making for complex sediment remedies. A comprehensive analysis of the environmental, economic and social impacts (all three pillars of sustainability) associated with remedial alternatives provides a broader basis for decision-making rather than focusing on a narrow set of criteria. Moreover, integrating all of these factors into a common framework allows one to develop robust conclusions of potential trade-offs among the remediation alternatives.

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Figure C-1bInfrastructure Shoreline Disturbance: Alternative I Active Footprint

Portland Harbor Superfund Site Sustainability Project

LegendLand Classification (City of Portland 2007)

Primary Marine/Rail Infrastructure User

Secondary Marine/Rail Infrastructure User

Remedial Footprint (EPA 2016)Alternative I Active Footprint With 25-ft Buffer

Shoreline Disturbance Overlap

Primary/Secondary Shoreline Impact (37,815 linear ft)

Other

River Mile Marker

Top of Shoreline Bank

Analysis Area (Superfund Site Boundary)

Navigation Channel

NOTES:1. Analysis area from RM 1.9 to RM 11.8. Area includes a total of 137,537 linear ft of shoreline.2. Remedial Alternatives from 2016 EPA FS.3. Land classification information from City of Portland Planning Department River Plan/North Reach map dated November 5, 2007.4. A 25-foot buffer was placed around the active footprint to account for equipment work areas.

DRAFT

AECOM www.aecom.com

AECOM

Case Study

ENV_REM_PD_0129

AECOM’s expert human health and ecological risk assessment addressed historic petroleum pipeline releases, indicated no further action needed for some segments of a pipeline and identified areas where institutional controls are needed to protect worker health for other segments.

ClientConfidential Oil and Gas Client

LocationGuam, United States

Contract ValueUSD 1MM

Years2012—present


Human and Ecological Risk Assessment to Evaluate Risks from Historic Pipeline Releases

Project OverviewAECOM prepared a conceptual site model and risk assessment and incorporated the results into groundwater monitoring reports for multiple areas affected by historic petroleum pipeline releases. The results indicated several areas of low risk that did not require further action, as well as the need for institutional controls at some areas. This allowed for the reduction of the number of analytes required for groundwater monitoring, reduction of the number of groundwater wells needed for long-term monitoring and ultimately discontinuation of groundwater monitoring at one site.

Client Benefits − The team’s thorough review of every analyte and well

in the groundwater monitoring program allowed a reduction of the number of groundwater wells needed for long-term monitoring and ultimately discontinuation of groundwater monitoring at all sites, providing significant cost savings to the client.

− Because the plume was determined to be stable and there had been no exceedances of the ESL except in one well, AECOM recommended discontinuing the preparation of isoconcentration contours in future groundwater monitoring reports, providing additional cost savings.


Work PerformedThe overall objective was to identify the need for remediation of historical releases of petroleum along a pipeline to ensure the protection of human and ecological health.

Technical challenges the team overcame included:

− The depth of the pipelines in one area was 12 feet below ground surface and other areas required drilling through rock, creating challenging sample collection procedures.

− Distinguishing impacts of historical pipeline releases from two recent petroleum releases that occurred during the current owner’s operation of the pipelines, the presence of third party pipelines in shared easements, and separating historic petroleum impacts from the potential for on-going operations spills at a tank farm near the pipelines.

− UXO monitoring was required during subsurface work.

PREPARING PLANNING DOCUMENTS/DQOS

− The proximity to surface waters minimized the potential for stepouts to delineate groundwater impacts.

− The team used a conceptual site model which was instrumental in identifying data gaps and defining the appropriate receptors and exposure pathways

EXECUTING COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS

− Data collection for groundwater required drilling through a bedrock substrate.

− The on-island sampling requires regimented fieldwork planning and coordinated off-island waste disposal.

PREPARING REPORTS/PLANS/OTHER DOCUMENTS

AECOM incorporated risk assessment findings into groundwater monitoring reports.

AECOM www.aecom.com

AECOM

Case Study

ENV_REM_PD_0201

ClientCooperating Parties Group

LocationConfidential


Years2006—present


Lower Passaic River

Project OverviewThe Lower Passaic River Restoration Project (LPRRP) is a joint CERCLA and WRDA interagency project to remediate and restore the lower 17 miles of the Passaic River in northeastern New Jersey. Our client, the Cooperating Parties Group (CPG), is composed of approximately 60 companies, many of which are Fortune 500 firms. The CPG has negotiated a Settlement Agreement with EPA to lead the Lower Passaic River Study Area (LPRSA) Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS). The LPRSA includes the tidally influenced stretch of the Passaic River between the mouth of the river and the Dundee Dam and the watershed to this portion of the River. The area surrounding the river is both densely populated and heavily industrialized. Previous investigations have revealed that sediments within this stretch of the river contain organic and inorganics including: dioxins, PCBs, mercury and other metals, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Work PerformedAECOM was selected by the CPG as part of a consultant team to develop a comprehensive Remedial Investigation (RI) for the entire 17-miles of the Lower Passaic River as well as provide support for the Feasibility Study (FS). As part of this complex program, AECOM manages and performs field investigations and the human health risk assessment.

AECOM’s RI tasks have included completion of multiple bathymetry surveys, preparation of work plans and QAPPs, and execution of multiple sediment coring and water column monitoring programs.

For the FS, AECOM completed a waterways conditions assessment survey to document physical impediments that may constrain the ability to dredge or cap within the river (e.g., shoreline and in-river structures such as bulkheads and bridge piers, underwater utilities, debris, etc.); developed a preliminary cap evaluation including chemical isolation and erosion protection modeling; developed short-term effectiveness metrics (e.g., GHG emissions) for comparative analysis of multiple remedial alternatives; and is developing an adaptive management and long-term monitoring plan to support a targeted remedy including interim and long-term performance metrics. Work also includes development of risk-based target concentrations and participating in meetings with USEPA Region 2.


ENV_WNR_PD_0016

Comprehensive environmental characterization and risk assessment provide input to remedial decision-making and implementation of a long-term monitoring program.

ClientGlobal Chemical Manufacturer

LocationVirginia, USA

Contract ValueUSD 40+MM

Years2006—present


Remedial Investigation and Design Support for a Mercury-Impacted River

Project OverviewAECOM is working collaboratively with the client project team and key stakeholders to develop and implement a multi-disciplinary approach to characterize and address risks associated with historical mercury contamination in the watershed. Several pilot projects have been performed as part of the program to assess the efficacy of proposed amendments being considered as part of the remedial design. Results of the pilot studies have been incorporated into a phased remedial approach, along with empirically based short- and long-term monitoring plans.

Client Benefits − Risk-based strategies are used to identify realistic

environmental effects.

− Sound science provides input to remedial decision-making.

− Innovative sampling strategies result in more efficient data collection of quality data.

− AECOM’s coordination of the expansive team affords the client more time for strategic program-level activities.

− Cutting-edge, technical findings are providing input to understanding fate and transport of mercury in the environment.


Work PerformedAECOM has implemented a variety of projects as part of this on-going program, including:

− Comprehensive characterization of aquatic system - monitoring community dynamics of biota (i.e., fish, benthic invertebrates, periphyton, etc.) in the river system.

− Evaluation of impacts on biotic media - monitoring concentrations and effects of site-related mercury in a variety of biotic media in the river and its associated floodplain (i.e., fish, benthic invertebrates, periphyton, reptiles, terrestrial invertebrates, birds, etc.)

− Evaluation of impacts on abiotic media - monitoring concentrations of site-related mercury in a variety of abiotic media in the river and its associated floodplain (i.e., bulk and interstitial sediments, river bank and floodplain soils, surface water, pore water, etc.)

− Pilot Studies - implementation and monitoring of remedial options for the river system and associated floodplain. Pilot studies have included bank stabilization, and carbon amendment in a floodplain pond and in floodplain soils.

− Human health and ecological risk assessments.

− Development of a watershed-level Relative Risk Model.

− Program Management.

− Design and implementation of a short- and long-term monitoring program to monitor the efficacy of the remedy.

− Remedial design and decision making in an adaptive management framework.

− Environmental permitting.

AECOM www.aecom.com

AECOM

Case Study

ENV_WNR_PD_0018

ClientU.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service

LocationAlaska, USA

Services − Soil, Water, Sediment Characterization − Biological Tissue Collection − Aquatic Bioassays − Human Health Risk Assessment − Ecological Risk Assessment − Remedial Alternatives and Costing

Years2002-2007; 2009

Salt Chuck Mine Risk Assessment and Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis

Project DescriptionSalt Chuck Mine operations involved the extraction of copper, gold, silver and platinum group elements from ore from 1905 to 1941. An extensive tailings deposit of about 11 acres is located in the intertidal zone south of Salt Chuck Bay near the mill. Because amalgamation is a process used in gold extraction, mercury was targeted as a chemical of concern.

URS performed an investigation of soils, surface water, tailings, and intertidal and saturated sediments contaminated with metals, including arsenic, copper, lead, and mercury as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). As a result of the early investigations, it was determined that non-time critical removal actions were appropriate for the site. Thus, the work was conducted as an Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/CA) following U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidance under Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) with oversight provided by the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC).

The objective of the risk assessment was to ensure that human health and beneficial uses of the environment at the Salt Chuck Mine are protected in a cost-effective manner. Human receptors of concern for the Salt Chuck Mine included recreational users at the shoreline (e.g. hunters, rock climbers, etc.), future mining workers, and recreational users of surface water resources (e.g., kayakers, small boats, shellfish harvesters, and fishers). No critical habitat for Threatened and Endangered Species has been identified in the site vicinity. However, the conceptual model for Salt Chuck Bay indicated high fish and wildlife harvest values, as well as the presence of crucial habitat for seasonal black bear populations, waterfowl, herring spawning, and salmon rearing and schooling.


URS conducted field investigations in 2002 and 2006. The analytical program included the collection of 13 additional soil samples, 19 supplemental tailings samples, 28 sediment samples that supplemented the existing 50 samples, 18 surface water samples from freshwater and brackish water environments, and 27 bivalve tissue samples. Selected surface water samples were collected at low tide to simulate expected pore water concentrations. Acid Volatile Sulfide/Simultaneously Extractable Metals (AVS/SEM) analyses were conducted, where sediment conditions were anaerobic, to evaluate the bioavailability and assist in the interpretation of ecological risk for five divalent metals (cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc). Additional data were also collected to evaluate the leaching potential of metals under site-specific conditions as well as to identify background sediment, surface water, and tissue sampling representative of naturally occurring metals.

Fish bioassay tests were conducted on tailings samples to further evaluate risk in the SRE, and to provide input for a weight-of-evidence approach to determining cleanup levels. The analyses involved a 7-day chronic sediment test using the estuarine silverside fish that was considered appropriate for the site because its larval stage can tolerate a large range of salinities. No significant toxicity was noted.

Field observations noted the absence of bivalves in the northern part of most tailings piles, but the shellfish begin to appear within about 200 feet of the southern edge of the tailings pile along Lake Ellen Creek. This distribution was found to correspond to both decreasing elevations in the intertidal zone and decreasing copper concentrations, suggesting copper was the primary risk driver.

Tissue samples from multiple species of bivalves were collected and interspecies differences in chemical accumulation were noted. Both copper and vanadium occurred at higher concentrations in soft shell clam tissue than blue mussel tissue collected from the tailings piles. Tissue data from sediment south of the tailings indicated that arsenic represented the highest level of concern to humans, and appeared to be absorbed in the tissue of littleneck and butter clams more readily than in that of mussels or other clam species collected from northern Salt Chuck Bay. Although elevated concentrations of mercury were noted in some intertidal sediment, significant mercury accumulation in shellfish tissues were not noted. Thus, speciation of inorganic mercury versus methyl mercury was not performed in any media. However, inorganic arsenic was analyzed in several tissue samples alongside total arsenic, in order to assess relative concentrations and their implications for human health risk.

The human and ecological risk assessments at the site were used to establish remedial action goals and delineated the area of concern. In general, source removal of the intertidal tailings was recommended to address the impacts observed in intertidal water and shellfish. Consolidation in an on-site repository with cap was recommended using the criteria of implementability, effectiveness, and cost.

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AECOM

Case Study

ClientAlcoa Inc./Arconic Inc.

LocationIowa, USA

Key Elements of Project − CERCLA sediment and surface water remedial

investigation − Ecological and human health risk evaluations − Wetland delineation and mitigation − Biota collection and evaluation (fish, mussels, benthic

invertebrates) − Feasibility Study

ValueUSD >2MM

Years1988—Present

Sediment Investigation/Risk Assessment/ Feasibility Study

Project DescriptionAECOM has supported Alcoa (now Arconic) conducting biota and sediment/soil investigations in Mississippi River Pool 15 (MRP15) and adjacent wetlands to assess the potential presence of contamination, and potential risks to human and environmental health. The project is being conducted under a Consent Order with USEPA Region 7 through the CERCLA program. Primary chemicals of interest are PCBs, PAHs and metals. Key project components include study design, sediment and surface water sampling, fish sampling, benthic macroinvertebrate and endangered mussel surveys. In addition to conventional PCB analyses, congener-specific approaches and application of dioxin-equivalents were used in the ecological risk evaluation. AECOM performed ecological and human health risk assessments which were reviewed and approved by USEPA Region 7. It was concluded that remediation was necessary in one wetland area. AECOM conducted wetland delineations, prepared a mitigation plan, and worked with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources to identify a mitigation site.

Due the presence of PCBs, fish consumption advisories had been issued in portions of MRP15. AECOM conducted fish sampling biannually from 1988 to 1998 to assess ongoing PCB concentrations in fish. Using fish data collected by AECOM, Alcoa and AECOM successfully requested that IDNR lift the fish advisory.

USEPA Region 7 approved the Feasibility Study performed by AECOM for the MRP15 investigation, and a Record of Decision was signed in 2008. AECOM developed a Monitored Natural Recovery Project Plan (MNRPP) in which continued sediment monitoring and fish sampling are key components. Based on fish sampling results in 2016, USEPA has approved discontinuation of the fish sampling component, with future MNR programs limited to sediment monitoring.


AECOM’s unique investigative and risk-based approach reduced the client’s liability and costs associated with the cleanup, which involved dredging, capping, and monitored natural recovery.

ClientMultinational Manufacturing Company

LocationNew York, USA


Years2007—present


Upper Hudson River RI/FS/RD/RA for Contaminated Sediments

Project OverviewAECOM completed extensive sediment engineering and scientific studies to support remediation of sediments in the Upper Hudson River. This work defined the bioavailability of contaminants within the geomorphology and hydrodynamic setting. AECOM also completed a series of pilot studies to evaluate the feasibility and practicality of ex situ sediment treatment technologies. The team prepared design and permit equivalencies for mechanical dredging, cover system installation, and ecological mitigation, and prepared all construction drawings and bid specifications. The marine construction program is underway, which includes dredging of approximately 39,000 of PCB and VOC impacted sediment, including sediments subject to TSCA regulation.

Client Benefits − AECOM demonstrated that a finite footprint could

be capped or removed to achieve the necessary risk reduction.

− The team determined that other up-river parties are contributing to the sediment impacts, lowering our client’s liability associated with cleanup.

− The design focused on exposure pathway elimination (2-ft removal/cover system installation), lowering the threshold for cleanup criteria and reducing costs.

− AECOM prepared all design and bid documents to ensure constructability, streamlining the construction phase of work.


Work PerformedAECOM completed an extensive sediment remedial investigation, feasibility study, and design; evaluated the risks posed by the impacts; and conducted pilot tests of several ex situ sediment treatment technologies. In addition, the team supported the client in NRDA negotiations with agencies and trustees and conducted treatability studies focused on sediment dewatering and ex situ management. Our team, in concert with the client, developed a detailed conceptual site model for the site that we have successfully used to focus the agencies on relevant and site-specific exposure pathways and exposure scenarios. A key factor influencing our work is the urban, upstream site setting and consideration of these background conditions.

To support remedial action planning, AECOM completed a series of detailed pilot studies to evaluate the feasibility and practicality of operating ex situ treatment systems to reduce concentrations of volatile organic compounds in

dredged river sediment to levels that may permit on-site reuse and reduce the potential costs of off-site disposal. These studies have considered factors such as ex situ low-temperature vapor extraction, thermal treatment, and the role of dewatering in ex situ sediment management.

Remediation involves extensive upland site preparation activities and marine construction, including replacement of 500 linear feet of steel bulkhead, dredging, capping, in situ and ex situ management of sediment.

The design evolved rapidly due to positive collaboration between the design engineers and the contractor. This project has involved extensive coordination with regulators and trustees regarding rare and endangered species in the river, seasonal work windows, and ecological restoration. Field work will be completed in 2021.

AECOM www.aecom.com

AECOM

Case Study

ENV_REM_PD_0203

Project Team and Resumes

AECOM Senior Risk Assessment TeamName

Academic Training; Years Experience

Relevant Experience

BRAZILIAN RISK RESOURCES

Bianca Hacon MSc., Environmental Geotechnical Engineering, 2016, BSc., Environmental Engineer, 2011; 7 years

Qualitative and quantitative human health risk assessment at complex sites, chemical industries, petroleum sites, MGP sites and multiples exposure pathways and scenarios. Focus on Brazilian legislation.

Felipe Iwamoto Environmental Engineer, 2001. Project Manager Specialist, 2015; 10 years.

Human health risk assessment based on the methodology developed by the USEPA for contaminated sites, adapted by CETESB (Environmental Company of Sao Paulo State).

Gabriela Simões

Environmental Enginner, 2013; 3 years

Human health risk assessment based on the methodology developed by the USEPA for contaminated sites, adapted by CETESB (Environmental Company of Sao Paulo State).

Francieli Fredrizzi

Environmental Engineering, PhD; 2013; 9 years

Expertise in performance of human health risk and related services in Brazil. Characterization/remediation of contaminated areas, reduction of atmospheric emissions, including greenhouse gases (GHG), as well as waste valorization and leachate treatment; Research and Development (R&D) in Universities in Brazil and Canada. Recognized in the Order of Engineers of Quebec (OIQ). Certified at ASP Construction (Canada) for General Safety and Health at Construction Sites. Recognized in the Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy (CREA) of Brazil.

CANADIAN RISK RESOURCES

Mike Rankin B.SC - Marine Biology - Guelph - 1983; M.Sc Env'l Toxicology - Waterloo 1987; 28 years

Registered Professional Biologist and BC Roster of Contaminated Sites Approved Professionals (CSAP-Risk Specialist); developed risk assessment government policy and training for abandoned mines to regulators in Peru and Chile; leadership in mine closure risk assessments in Canada and South America, environmental contaminated site risk assessment/management, social impact assessment (mining, LNG, oil sands), risk communication, regulatory policy and guidance manuals, instructor of environmental risk assessment, and regulatory/corporate toxicology reviews; graduate work on aquatic toxicity of trivalent inorganic arsenic; numerous risk assessments involving mine-related contamination from iron, arsenic, manganese; risk assessment of sediment contamination in major rivers including the Fraser River in Vancouver, BC, Canada. His international work includes Peru, Chile, USA, Cuba, Guatemala, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Madagascar, and Tanzania.

USA RISK RESOURCES

Betsy Ruffle M.S., Environmental Health, Tufts University; B.A. Biology, Vassar College; 29 years

Human health risk assessment; high profile comples sediment sites; bioaccumulation; risk-based cleanup levels and site closure strategy; allocation support; MGP; PCBs, dioxin, PAHs, PFAS; fish ingestion; angler survey design & analysis; vapor intrusion; air risk assessment; probabilistic risk analysis; risk communication

Kelly Vosnakis B.A, Environmental Studies, Binghamton University, 1995; MS Environmental Health Tufts, 2003; 25 years

Human health risk assessment under several regulatory agencies (Federal and State Level). Involved in risk assessments for several high profile river sediment sites. Experience with a wide variety of chemicals, inlcuding metals (e.g., arsenic, chromium, iron, lead, mercury manganese), PCBs, dioxins, PAHs, volatiles, and radionuclides.

Pei Fung Hurst Ph.D. Virology and Epidemiology 1982; B.S. Botany (Minor: Microbiology), 1976; 31 years.

Human health risk assessment, litigation support, investigation workplan development, toxicity review/assessment, toxicity criteria derivation. Assisted in Development of USEPA's Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund.


9

AECOM



Relevant Experience

Dan Jones MS, Ecotoxicology 1991; BS, Environmental Science, 1988; 27 years

River assessments following dam failures, train derailments, and pipeline ruptures, including the 2010 Kingston, TN fly ash pond dam rupture leading to extensive ecological risk implications in the Clinch River. Senior client adviser on technical and strategic issues related to ecosystem recovery from physical and contaminant effects. Includes high profile assessments of major river systems involving complex technical issues. Technical expertise in sediment/aquatic ecological risk assessment. Substantial experience evaluating arsenic, iron, and manganese, with a focus on bioavailability. Developed site-specific soil/sediment cleanup levels for arsenic that explicitly account for binding with iron oxides.

Ceil Mancini BS, Biology; MS Aquatic Zoology; 35+ years

AECOM Risk Practice Global Leader; extensive risk assessment background on major rivers involving metals such as arsenic, lead and mercury. Expertise includes risk based strategies for remedial decision-making; contaminated sediment assessment and management; program design and management; integrated habitat restoration and remediation and risk decision-making; expertise on development of watershed level models including risk assessment CSM and Adaptive Management Strategies.

Sagar Thakali Ph.D., Environmental Engineering; 9 years

Senior ecological risk assessor; focus on metals, including arsenic, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, selenium,; risk-based remedial strategies at large sites, including mining sites, watersheds, and coastal areas; Primarily North American sites but has performed risk assessment at a former barite mine in Brazil.

Gretchen Welshofer

BA, MS (Environmental Science); 28 years

Human health risk assessment (RCRA and CERCLA), exposure modeling, vapor intrusion, environmental assessment, statistical analysis, PFAS assessments, ProUCL, RAGS Part D, RBCA-style assessments, voluntary remediation programs, lead modeling, and lead verifier for human health risk assessments

Stephen Duda Graduate Studies – Environmental Biology/Public Policy, George Mason Univ. MS Aquatic Biology, SUNY- Brockport, 1989; 33 years

Senior ecological risk assessor with significant experience in conducting ERAs in subtropical riverine and wetland habitats including Latin America and Asia on metals as well as other COCs such as pesticides and petroleum compounds. Experienced in risk-based closure including detailed background and ecotoxicological studies. Has provided expert witness and litigation support on several aquatic ecological projects in the Southeastern US.

Richard (Todd) Finlayson

BA Physics, MS Zoology; 16 years

Aquatic and terrestrial ecological risk assessment, exposure modelling, ProUCL, Federal DOD risk assessment.

Jim Garrison Post-doct Fellowship Toxicology, 1988; PhD Teratology, 1985; MS Marine Biology 1980; BS/hon Systematics & Ecology; 28 years

Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA); Toxicology; Performed numerous HHRAs evaluating issues including mining sites, metals, contamination of soil, sediment, water and air, site-specific impacts on local populations; Performed a HHRA in Campinas, Brazil for a chemical plant, using USEPA methology; Currently providing toxicology support and reviewing risk assessments that incorporate both USEPA and ATSDR methods, and that use both deterministic and probabilistic approaches for the Brumadinho mine disaster site, located in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Familiar with the GAISMA process for evaluating risk at the Samarco and Brumadinho projects.

Julie Kabel MPH, Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 2001; BS, Chemistry, Siena College, 1999; 18 years

Human health risk assessment; vapor intrusion investigation/evaluation; site-specific risk-based screening/cleanup levels and remedial goal development; risk communication; data management. Experience includes metals, PFAS, PCBs, and other contaminants in sediment, surface water, soil, and groundwater; Has performed senior technical review for HHRAs conducted using the Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) Toolkit software for multiple sites in Central and South America.


10

AECOM



Relevant Experience

Carl Crane MS Biology, 1985; BS Zoology, 1974; 34 years

Ecological risk assessment: Lead risk assessor/reviewer for steel manufacturing facilities, mines and mine tailings sites in multiple states. Experiences with large river systems, having been lead risk assessor for an entire reach of the Mississippi River evaluating contamination from a metals manufacturing facility. Lead ecological risk assessor for a complex multi-site (several square miles) national wildlife refuge in the midwest US. Routinely works with a multidisciplinary team of federal and state regulators and stakeholders. Specific to Brazil, he supported water and sediment water quality efforts on the Rio Doce and associated waters in 2018 associated with the Fundão dam rupture and is currently the AECOM ecological risk assessment lead for the Brumadinho project. Experience in the USA, Brazil, Venezuala, Malaysia and Azerbaijan.

Jill Hedgecock MS, Envl. Mgmt 1989; BS, Biology, 1982; 33 years

Ecological risk assessment, arsenic bioaccessiblity study, aquatic toxicology/bioassay test programs, mine tailings in aquatic and upland environs, Lead shot sites, contaminated sediments, ash landfill impacts in a sensitive aquatic ecosystem, complex risk assessment peer reviews, AECOM lead contaminant exposure team.

Heather Loso BS, Envl Policy and Behavior; 20 years

Ecological Risk Assessment: Food Chain Modeling, Risk-Based Remediation, PCBs/Dioxins, Petroleum Issues, Aquatic Toxicology, Toxicity/Bioaccum Testing, Munitions sites (incl. perchlorate); Lead Shot sites; Burrow Air Inhalation

Jim Knight M.S., Business Administration, Colorado State University; B.S., Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Maine; 26 years

Aquatic and terrestrial ecological risk assessment under federal and state programs with a focus on metals at a variety of mining sites throughout the western US Recently conducted a comprehensive risk assessment at a former copper mine site in Arizona where the focus was on ecological exposure to metals in waste rock soils and an intermittent stream near the former facility. On another project, addressed ecological issues associated with a petroleum spill on a major river in Montana. After the initial emergency response, worked with a team of researchers on developing an understanding of the ecology of the river.

Ken Pinnella M.S., Environmental Health: Toxicology, Colorado State University, 2000; 16 years

Human health risk assessment, with specific focus on ecological risk assessment. Conduct of aquatic and terrestrial ecological risk assessment related to releases at surface/pit mines, underground, and in-situ mining sites and processing and transport centers. Principal mine site contaminants evaluated include As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Hg, Mo, Ag, Se, Tl, U, Zn, rare earth elements and coal combustion residuals. Evaluations were focused to assessing active site (current) conditions, current/proposed mining processes (heap leaching), and post-closure mine conditions including open pits and prospective analysis of pit lake formation. Experience includes assessment of impacts at local/site, and watershed scale including evaluation of impacts to major river system (San Juan River).


11

AECOM

Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restriction on the title page of this proposal.

February, 2020 Betsy Ruffle Page 1

Betsy Ruffle

Years Experience: 30 Technical Specialties Human Health Risk Assessment Exposure Dose Modeling Sediment Sites Fish Consumption Risk-Based Cleanup Levels Probabilistic Risk Assessment Regulatory Toxicology Risk Communication Professional History AECOM (formerly ENSR) Tufts University, Center for Environmental Management ERM - New England, Inc. Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Protection

Education MS (Civil Engineering/Environmental Health) Tufts University BA (Biology) Vassar College

Professional Registrations and Affiliations Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Boston Risk Assessment Group Betsy Ruffle is a Senior Scientist at AECOM with 30 years’ experience in risk-based analysis and site closure. She has led baseline risk assessments at CERCLA and state sites around the U.S. and internationally, including for several large Superfund sites. For the past 10 years, Ms. Ruffle has served as the HHRA lead at the Lower Passaic River Superfund Site where she negotiated with EPA Region 2 on behalf of the PRP Group. She provides RI/FS and pre-remedial design support at several other sites, including Berry’s Creek and Anacostia River. She recently co-led the pre-remedial design investigation at the Portland Harbor Superfund Site, serving as Project Coordinator in 2019. She has extensive experience integrating risk into remedial design, cleanup levels derivation, and long-term monitoring. She has led angler surveys and developed site-specific fish consumption rates. She has performed air pathway analyses and vapor intrusion assessments in accordance with EPA guidance. Ms. Ruffle is well-versed in presenting risk findings in public and agency forums, and has given numerous presentations on risk assessment topics, including fish consumption, PCB risk assessment, vapor intrusion, and probabilistic risk analysis. She serves as a technical expert within AECOM and leads the company’s New England risk practice.



Representative Project Experience CERCLA and Sediment Sites PRP Group for Lower Passaic River Superfund Site, Region 2. Part of consultant team performing RI/FS for 17-mile urban waterway in New Jersey. Serve as HHRA lead, with responsibility for advancing risk-based strategy on behalf of PRP group. Led preparation of work plans and final baseline HHRA (approved 2017). Represented client in agency negotiations and dispute resolution on key issues including exposure assumptions, dioxin and PCB toxicity, and background. Work with FS team to develop PRGs and remedial plan; evaluated risk reduction under remedial alternatives. Led year-long on-site angler survey to characterize angler population and exposure parameters. Performed shadow HHRA and pathogen risk analysis to support PRP comments on Proposed Plan. Portland Harbor Pre-Remedial Design Group, Region 10. With teaming partner, performed pre-remedial design investigation (PDI) for PRP Group at Portland Harbor Superfund Site. Served in Project Coordinator role leading communications with agency. Represented client in agency negotiations on PDI scope and work plans. Co-led design and implementation of multi-media field sampling to establish current conditions, update CSM, and prepared PDI Evaluation Report. Led innovative acoustic fish tracking study to characterize smallmouth bass home range for bioaccumulation and remedy monitoring. PRP Group, Anacostia River Sediment Project (ARSP), District of Columbia. Serving in strategic risk expert role for parties identified in the District’s Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study for the ARSP. Provide technical review of District work products and represent client at meetings. Developing background fish tissue dataset for PCBs, and data needs for establishing sediment-fish linkage. Energy Client, Mid-Atlantic. Performing baseline risk assessment at former power plant located on Anacostia River in Washington D.C. Evaluating risks posed by PCBs in fish tissue, as well as exposures to sediment, surface water, and landside soils. Leading angler study to characterize fishing on the river. Paper Company, Northeast. Performing risk assessment for former paperboard manufacturer located on pond with PCBs and mercury contamination. Developed risk assessment work plan and led site-specific risk assessment that included fish consumption and consideration of background conditions. US Army Corps of Engineers, New England District. New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts. Provided expert support on technical issues related to PCBs, chemistry, risk assessment, air monitoring, etc. during remediation of one of the nation’s largest PCB

contaminated sediment sites.



ExxonMobil, Region 10. Designed and implemented fish tracking pilot study at Portland Harbor Superfund Site, coordinating with EPA and USACE ERDC experts to test vendor telemetry equipment in Lower Willamette River. Study results informed full-scale study being used as part of Pre-Remedial Design Investigation (PDI). ExxonMobil, Region 10. In support of comments on the Proposed Plan for cleanup at the Portland Harbor Superfund Site, performed probabilistic analysis of fish consumption exposure pathway. Developed distributions for key variables including empirical and modeled PCB fish tissue concentration, consumption rates, and regional background concentrations. Used probabilistic results to evaluate conceptual remedial alternatives, and published study in peer-reviewed journal. New England Gas Company, Mount Hope Street MGP, Massachusetts. Performed HHRA at former manufactured gas plant located on industrial river with coal tar and MGP residuals in soil and sediment under Massachusetts guidance. Evaluated direct contact and inhalation risks to nearby residents, trespassers, workers, and river visitors. Worked with chemist to differentiate urban fill from MGP residuals in site media. . BASF, Hudson River Operable Unit, New York. In support of RI/FS, performed human health risk analysis following applicable NYSDEC and EPA guidance for site with chlorobenzenes and PCBs in sediment. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Birch Hill Dam Site, Massachusetts. Performed human health risk assessment of PCBs in sediment and fish tissue in a recreational area. Developed PCB cleanup levels using site-specific exposure assumptions, and assessed PCB risks using Aroclors, congeners, and homologue data. GenCorp, PCB Risk Assessment, Region 1. For Brownfields site on urban river, led human health and ecological risk assessments under risk-based approval option of PCB Rule. Developed approach for characterizing PCBs (including dioxin-like congeners) that met state and federal requirements, and derived site-specific soil remedial goal. Site was one of first risk-based approvals accepted by EPA under PCB Rule. Delmarva Power & Light Co., Cambridge Town Gas Site, MD. For a former MGP site located on a tidal estuary in coastal Maryland, provided technical risk support including developing public meeting Q&A on risk assessment issues. Admiral Home Appliance Superfund Site, Region 4. Led baseline risk assessment for Superfund site in South Carolina with metals and VOCs in groundwater, soil, off-site stream, and wetlands near residential area. Prepared Work Plan, Tech Memos, Baseline Risk Assessment, and remedial goals in accordance with Region 4 requirements.



ARMCO Hamilton Superfund Site, Region 5. Led baseline HHRA for former steel site in Ohio on Great Miami River with upland, riparian, and sediment AOCs. Modeled bioaccumulation of PCBs in fish from site media, validating with empirical data. Eliminated soil arsenic from further evaluation based on background evaluation. Reilly Tar and Chemical Superfund Site, Baseline Risk Assessment, Region 5. Performed Baseline Risk Assessment, including Monte Carlo Analysis, for former coal tar refining site in Ohio. Followed EPA guidance to calculate RME and CTE risks, assuming non-residential future use and accounting for site-specific factors (e.g., climate). St. Louis River/Interlake/Duluth Tar Superfund Site, Monte Carlo Simulation, Region 5. Reviewed agency’s Baseline Risk Assessment to identify areas of uncertainty and conservatism. Generated distributions of soil cleanup levels for carcinogenic PAH using distributions for site-specific factors including contaminant bioavailability. CERCLA Site, Risk Assessment Strategy for PRP Group, Region 1. On behalf of PRP group, developed probability distribution of freshwater fish consumption rates that is representative of New England consumers. Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant Superfund Site, Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment, Region 1. Led baseline risk assessment of Navy CLEAN site in Massachusetts with chlorinated solvents and metals in groundwater. Prepared screening evaluation, work plan, and baseline risk assessment. Negotiated scope of work with Agency and presented findings at public meeting. CS-10 Plume, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Human Health Risk Assessment, Region 1. Led baseline risk assessment of CS-10 Plume at MMR site on Cape Cod. Primary plume constituents include TCE, PCE and EDB. Air Pathway/Remediation Risk Assessment Chromium Site, New Jersey. Provided senior review of risk-based action levels for benzene, chromium, and particulates in air during remediation at site with hexavalent chromium in soil. New Jersey Natural Gas, New Jersey. For former MGP site, developed long-term risk-based air action levels for use during site remediation activities. Focused on key MGP constituents, including benzene, BaP and naphthalene, and ensured that action levels are protective of off-site residential receptors. PSEG, New Jersey. Provided strategic risk support including participating in meeting with NJDEP to discuss perimeter air monitoring data collected during site remediation.



Determined that alarm conditions were not correlated with odor complaints and benzene rolling average was below long-term action level.

Confidential Manufacturing Client, Baseline Risk Assessment, Virginia. Performed baseline risk assessment for site with chlorinated VOCs (principally TCE) in shallow and deep groundwater that has migrated off-site into residential area. Performed vapor intrusion evaluations of on-site workplace and off-site residential areas, including evaluation of groundwater, sub-slab and indoor air data sets.

Law Firm, Expert Consulting on Vapor Intrusion, Texas. Provided expert consulting to law firm in support of vapor intrusion case involving TCE plume under neighborhood. Summarized basis of federal and state vapor intrusion screening levels for six VOCs, and developed white paper on background levels of TCE and PCE in indoor air.

Confidential Client, Brownfields Site Risk Assessment, North Carolina. For former manufacturing site with chlorinated solvents in the subsurface, evaluated vapor intrusion pathway for on-site building and off-site future residential area. Modeled soil vapor data to evaluate indoor air risk from TCE and related VOCs. Determined that no special mitigation measures were necessary for future off-site development.

Confidential Chemical Manufacturer, Geostatistics and Risk Assessment, California. Developed risk-based screening levels for soil and groundwater that account for direct contact and migration to indoor air. Used geostatistical approach to identify hot spots for remediation and demonstrate that remainder of site meets state and client’s acceptable risk criteria.

Energy Company, Wisconsin. Reviewed perimeter air monitoring plan to determine applicability to MGP site. Evaluated adequacy of plan relative to proximity of sensitive receptors, topography, monitor locations, and appropriateness of action levels. NiSource, Massachusetts. Derived acute and subchronic air risk-based concentrations (RBCs) for benzene, PM-10, and naphthalene to be used during MGP site remediation. Montgomery County Resource Recovery Facility, Maryland. Managed multipathway risk assessment of air emissions from municipal waste incinerator following EPA guidance. Evaluated risks from exposures via inhalation and indirect (deposition) exposures, including consumption of crops, dairy milk, and fish. Oversaw epidemiology study evaluating disease incidence, including respiratory effects and asthma. Regulatory Review/Analysis Confidential Energy Client, Corporate Remediation Group. Developed primer on fish consumption rates and regulatory guidance on evaluation of exposure to contaminants via fish consumption, for use by corporate project managers. Development of Public Comments. Critically reviewed and submitted comments on



EPA’s June 2016 Draft Guidance on Conducting Angler Surveys. Commented on key issues, including quantifying heritage consumption rates and use in risk assessment. National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, National Assessment of Exposure to Dioxin, New York. Performed review of the primary literature on fish consumption and prepared White Paper summarizing fish consumption rates for the general U.S., recreational fishing, and subsistence fishing populations. National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, National Assessment of Exposure to Dioxin, New York. Performed probabilistic assessment of exposure to dioxin from consumption of fish caught in U.S. freshwaters impacted by bleached kraft mill effluents. Used Monte Carlo analysis to predict distributions of exposures to sportfishermen, general public, and near mills residents. Utilities Solid Waste Activities Group, Review of Fish Consumption Rate in EPA Risk Assessment. Critically reviewed basis of EPA’s fish consumption rate distribution used in national probabilistic risk assessment of coal combustion wastes (CCW) disposed of in landfills and surface impoundments. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Mercury Model Input Database. Critically reviewed literature on plant uptake of mercury, focusing on foliar and root uptake. Compared literature models with TRUE Multimedia Health Risk Assessment model. Developed probability distribution for root uptake factor for use in model. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Foodchain Pathways for TRUE Model. Critically reviewed literature and existing models for predicting uptake and bioaccumulation of organics and metals into foodchain pathways. Recommended model for use in Tier 1 analysis. Prepared technical report for publication as EPRI document.

Publications/Presentations Ruffle, B. U. Vedagiri, D. Bogdan, and M. Meier. Potential Human Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) via Consumption of Fish from U.S. and International Sources. Presentation at Battelle Sediments Conference, New Orleans, LA. February 14, 2019. Ruffle, B., R. McCarthy, D. Edwards, K. Gustavson, and C. Woodley. 2019. Performance Evaluation of Acoustic Fish Tracking Equipment in a Contaminated Riverine Environment: A Pilot Study. Presentation at Battelle Sediments Conference, New Orleans, LA. February 14, 2019. Ruffle, B. 2018. PFAS in Fish Tissue. Presentation at Sediment Management Work Group Fall Meeting, PFAS Session. Nashville, TN. October 1, 2018.



Ruffle, B., J. Henderson, C. Murphy-Hagan, G. Kirkwood-Cohen, F. Wolf, and D. Edwards. 2017. Application of Probabilistic Risk Assessment: Evaluating Remedial Alternatives at the Portland Harbor Superfund Site, Portland, Oregon, USA. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 14(1):63-78. Ruffle, B., D. Edwards, C. Murphy-Hagan, G. Kirkwood-Cohen, J. Henderson, and F. Wolf. 2017. Application of Probabilistic Risk Analysis to Remedial Alternatives at the Portland Harbor Superfund Site. Platform Presentation in Risk Assessment Session, AEHS 33nd Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water, and Energy. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA. October 16-19, 2017. Ruffle, B., D. Edwards, C. Murphy-Hagan, G. Kirkwood-Cohen, J. Henderson, and F. Wolf. 2017. Application of Probabilistic Risk Analysis to Remedial Options: Portland Harbor Superfund Site Sustainability Project (PHSP). Poster Presentation in session on Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment. Battelle Contaminated Sediments Conference, New Orleans, LA. Jan. 11, 2017. Ruffle, B., R. Kennedy, and G. Kirkwood-Cohen. 2016. Risk Assessment of PCBs in Fish Tissue. Platform Presentation in Risk Assessment Session, AEHS 32nd Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water, and Energy. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA. October 17-20, 2016. Ruffle, B., M. Norman, and K. Vosnakis. 2015. Assessment of Chemical and Pathogen Risks at an Urban River. Invited Platform Presentation in session on Multi-Stressor Impacts, SETAC N. A. 36th Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City. Nov. 1-5, 2015. Ruffle, B. K. Vosnakis, and L. Fraiser. 2015. Cooking Loss Factors for PCDD/PCDFs, PCBs, and Chlorinated Pesticides in Fish Tissue. Invited Platform Presentation in session on Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment, Battelle Contaminated Sediments Conference, New Orleans, LA. Jan. 13, 2015. Ruffle, B., S. Baird, G. Kirkwood, and J. Breidt. 2014. Analysis of Site-Specific Creel/Angler Survey Data for a Contaminated Urban River. Invited Platform Presentation in session on Regional Fish Consumption, Bioaccumulation, and Risk Mgt. Decisions as Drivers of Human Health Based WQC and Sediment Cleanup Levels, SETAC N.A. 35th Annual Meeting, Vancouver. Nov. 10-13, 2014. Ruffle, B., S. Capozzi, S. Baird, K. Sylvester, and A. Hopkins. 2013. Collecting Site-Specific Angler Data: Methods, Challenges, and Preliminary Findings from an Urban River Survey. Poster Presentation at Battelle’s Sixth International Conference on Contaminated Sediments. Dallas, TX. Feb. 6, 2013.



Ruffle, B., L. Fraiser, S. Kaczmar, and W. Schew. 2012. Update on Cooking Loss Factors for PCDD/PCDFs, PCBs, and Chlorinated Pesticides. Platform Presentation at Passaic River Symposium V, Montclair State University, NJ. Oct. 19, 2012. Ruffle, B., L. Bradley, K. Durocher, and L. Fraiser. 2011. Development of a Realistic Conceptual Site Model for an Urban River Sediment Site. Platform Presentation at Urban Waterways Session. Battelle’s Sixth International Conference on Contaminated Sediments. New Orleans, LA. Feb. 9, 2011. Ruffle, B. L. Bradley, K. Durocher, and M. Dugas. 2010. Human Health Risk Assessment Conceptual Site Model – Implications of Site-Specific Data. Invited Platform Presentation at LPR Session, SETAC N.A. 31st Annual Meeting, Portland, OR. Nov. 10, 2010. Kinnell, J. and B. Ruffle. 2010. Application of Behavioral Simulation Modeling to Evaluate Angler’s Fish Consumption. Fourth Passaic River Symposium. Passaic River Institute of Montclair State University, Monclair, NJ. June 22, 2010. Ruffle, B., K. Durocher, L. Terzis and L. Bradley. 2009. Fish/Shellfish Consumption Risk Evaluation: Considerations for the Lower Passaic River. Invited Platform Presentation at SETAC N.A. 30th Annual Meeting, New Orleans. November 23, 2009. Ruffle, B. and L. Terzis. 2009. Fish Consumption Rates in Urban Rivers. Poster presentation at 2009 Battelle Sediments Conference. Feb. 2-5, Jacksonville, FL.

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil March, 2015

Bianca de Souza HACON Senior Project Analyst – Remediation Services

Professional History

Investigation and Remediation Project Analyst – AECOM Since 2011 Intern – AECOM (Remediation Services) 2010-2011. Researcher / Intern – UNIR / Fiocruz / Santo Antônio Energia 2008-10.

Education

B.Sc., Environmental Engineering, PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, 2011.

Certificate in Ecology and Conservation at Birkbeck College, University College of London, London, 2006.

M.Sc. student in Geotechnical Engineer at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio).

Years of Experience

~5 years - AECOM 2,5 years - Research Projects

Fields of Competence

Development of Human Health Risk Assessments using tools

Experience

AECOM - Remediation Services

AmBev - Human Health Risk Assessment in a Beverage Factory – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Human Health Risk Assessment for metals in soil and groundwater in an industrial area of a beverage factory and its surroundings.

PDV Brasil Combustíveis e Lubrificantes Ltda. Detailed Site Investigation and Human Health Risk Assessment. Rio de Janeiro / RJ, Brazil. Human Health Risk Assessment for metals in soil and groundwater in the area of the former storage warehouse from PDV and its surroundings.

FIOTEC – Fundação para Desenvolvimento e Científico e Tecnológico em Saúde. Detailed Site Investigation, Human Health Risk Assessment and Intervention Plan. Rio de Janeiro / RJ, Brazil. Detailed Site Investigation, Human Health Risk Assessment and Intervention Plan in the area of the future plant for producing vaccines in the neighborhood of Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro / RJ, Brazil.

CEG (Gas Natural Fenosa), Investigation for Remediation, Bench Test for Remediation for the Future Administrative Headquarter. Rio de Janeiro / RJ, Brazil. Coordination of Field activities during the Investigation for Remediation and performance of a bench test for remediation. Customer support in addressing the environmental conditions determined by the environmental agency to obtain the environmental permit for the area and the development stages of remediation.

Confidential Client, Vapor Intrusion in a former MGP Site. Rio de Janeiro / RJ, Brazil. Coordination of field activities for the vapor intrusion in an area contaminated with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), with development of technical reports and


including RBCA, RISC 5 and Cetesb Spreadsheets; Development and coordination of Environmental Site Assessment (Phase I and II) projects; Development of Conceptual Site Models.

Language Skills

Portuguese (Native) English (Fluent)

Registrations

IBAMA: 5334842

Nationalities

Brazilian and British

customer support with the environmental agency.

CEG (Gas Natural Fenosa), Detailed Site Investigation, Human Health Risk Assessment and Executive Project for Remediation. Rio de Janeiro / RJ, Brazil. Coordination of field activities for Detailed Site Investigation, development of the Human Health Risk Assessment and participation in the development of the Executive Project for Remediation for the Unit’s Northwest area. Customer support in addressing the environmental conditions determined by the environmental agency to obtain the environmental permit for the area and the development stages of remediation.

Confidential Client, Human Health Risk Assessment in a former tannery, Rio de Janeiro / RJ, Brazil. Human Health Risk Assessment involving metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil and groundwater in the area of a former tannery with future residential use.

Confidential Client, Human Health Risk Assessment. Duque de Caxias / RJ, Brazil. Human Health Risk Assessment involving metals and chlorinated organic compounds in a former textile factory with future commercial use.

Vale, Detailed Site Investigation and Human Health Risk Assessment, Terminal of Diverse Products – Porto Tubarão, Vitória / ES, Brazil. Human Health Risk Assessment for soil and groundwater at the terminal for diverse products (Terminal de Produtos Diversos), Porto Tubarão, involving priority compounds related to the activities carried out on site.

Confidential Client, Human Health Risk Assessment, Rio de Janeiro / RJ, Brazil. Human Health Risk Assessment in a former tannery area in Rio de Janeiro for future residential use.

CEG (Gas Natural Fenosa Group), Remediation and Human Health Risk Assessment on a former Manufacturing Gas Plant (MGP), Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Coordination of the remediation project, including office and field work; coordination of Groundwater Monitoring Campaigns and maintenance of the Remediation System. Elaboration of the Human and Health Risk Assessment for current and future use of the area.

Shell, Environmental Remediation and Human Health Risk Assessment, Valença / RJ, Brazil. Coordination of the remediation project, including office and field work; coordination of Groundwater Monitoring Campaigns and maintenance of the Remediation System. Client support in meeting environmental standards.


Vishay, Groundwater Monitoring and Nickel Remediation, Pernambuco State, Brazil. Project and client support together with AECOM USA providing advice related to adjustments to achieve local requirements, implementation of nickel Remediation, groundwater monitoring campaigns, decommissioning and site closure.

Confidential Client, Groundwater Analytical Monitoring and Human Health Risk Assessment, Nova Iguaçu / RJ, Brazil. Coordination of the environmental analytical monitoring campaigns and preparation of a Human Health Risk Assessment targeting site closure in an old gas station in Nova Iguaçu with future residential use. Coordination of office and field activities.

Porto Rio, Macro Diagnosis, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Project and client support on the macrodiagnosis for future interventions targeting soil and groundwater investigation.

Confidential Client, Human Health Risk Assessment, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Human health risk assessment for the Paper Plant located in Santa Catarina, involving client support and advice in monitoring campaigns and future actions and negotiation with local environmental agency.

Solace, Human Health Risk Assessment, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Human health risk assessment for the revitalization of Rio de Janeiro’s port area for current and future uses.

Confidential Client, Human Health Risk Assessment, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil Human health risk assessment for a former Drinks and Beverage Production Plant with future residential use.

Academic Experience

Participation in Research Projects

National Institute of Science and Technology (Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - INCT) - Project InpetAm – Participant of the Amazon Translational Research Group. Preparation of participatory research with the local population of the Puruzinho Lake (Amazonas State) as part of the translational study on the impact of mercury (Hg) on the health of the local population. 2010 and 2011.

“Risk Assessment and Analysis of the Health Profile of the Communities Potentially Exposed to Hg at the Madeira River - Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Plant” – Fiocruz, 2009-10.

“Statistical Parameters on Carbon Sequestration Modeling”–


PUC-Rio, 2008-09.

PPG-7 Project “Health Risk Assessment of the Population Exposed to Environmental Changes Caused by Anthropogenic Activities at the Jamari Basin, Rondônia, Brazil” – Fiocruz, PUC-Rio, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade de Brasília and Universidade Federal de Rondônia, 2008-09.

“Health Risk Assessment of the Population Exposed to Environmental Changes Caused by Anthropogenic Activities at the Jamari Basin, Rondônia, Brazil” – Research Project (Scientific Initiation) – Universidade de Brasília, 2007-08.

Training and Certifications

AECOM Trainings

OSHA HAZWOPER Standard At 29 CFR 1910.120(e) – 40hs – AECOM – November, 2010.

Courses, Symposiums and Congresses

Battelle International Conference, 2014. Acceptance of work Brazilian Legislation and Guiding Values for Contaminated Sites Management.

Latin American Risk Assessment Workshop (LARAW) – São Paulo, 2014. Presentation of the Case Study “Occupational Exposure to Naphthalene in Soil and Groundwater”.

Course “Analyzing Risks: Principles, Concepts and Applications” – Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA – EUA, 2013.

Workshop “Integration of molecular tools in brownfield management” – Rio de Janeiro.

In Situ Chemical Oxidation International Symposium – Rio de Janeiro. 2012.

Course – ITRC – LNAPL Training – March, 2011.

Environmental Health Conference (ENVH) 2011, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Acceptance for the presentation of the study Long term exposure to manganese due to cassiterite mining activity in Bom Futuro, Western Amazon Region, Brazil. 2011.

IUTOX 2010, Barcelona, Spain, Acceptance for the presentation of the study Long term exposure to manganese: a case study in a mining community in the Western Brazilian Amazon. 2010.

Ecohealth 2010, London, UK. Presentation of the work Long term exposure to manganese due to cassiterite mining activity in Bom Futuro, Western Amazon Region,


Brazil. 2010.

Sinduscon – Symposium on the Real Estate Development at Contaminated Areas in Rio de Janeiro – November, 2010.

XVII Symposium on Scientific Initiation PUC-Rio, with the presentation of “Statistical Parameters of Carbon Sequestration Modeling”. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2009.

Course– Deflor Bioengeneering. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. – Erosion and Sediments Control – 2008.

Workshop – PUC-Rio – Sustainable Technologies for the Mitigation of Climate Change – 2008.

III Symposium on Climate Change PUC-Rio. Rio de Janeiro – RJ – 2008.

Mini-course – PUC-Rio – Energetic Utilization of Landfill Gas – 2007.

Course – NADC / Biology Institute – Federal University of Rio de Janeiro – Legislation and Environmental Responsibilities – 2005-2006.

Course – NAUI/PADI Auckland, New Zealand - Open Waters – 2002.

Mr. Crane’s experience encompasses over thirty years performing ecological and human health risk evaluations, and biological, soil, water and sediment quality assessments. His expertise includes ecological and human health risk assessments, terrestrial and aquatic ecotoxicology, statistical analysis and interaction with regulators and project stakeholders. He has conducted evaluations for a broad spectrum of contaminants, including inorganics, dioxins, PCBs, PAHs, pesticides, explosives and radionuclides. He has experience working in a variety of regulatory environments (e.g., CERCLA, RCRA, MMRP, NPDES and multiple state voluntary programs). He was formerly a director of an ecotoxicology and ecology laboratory for over twelve years.

Experience

Lead Ecological Risk Assessor, Brumadinho Mine Rupture Site, Minas Gerais, Brazil (2019 to present). Currently providing ecological risk support for the Brumadinho mine rupture, located in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The ecological risk assessment incorporates USEPA protocols as presented in the Integrated Environmental Management for Health and Environment (GAISMA) developed specific to the Dam rupture projects in Brazil.

Senior Environmental Scientist, Fundão Dam Rupture (2018): Provided audit review over multiple organizations supporting evaluation of soil, sediment and water contamination associated with the November 2015 failure at the Fundão dam, an iron ore tailings dam near Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Performed multiple site visits throughout the potentially affected area, including Rio Do Carmo, Rio Galaxo and Rio Doce, as well as multiple lakes near Linhares. Participated in multiple meetings with contractors, regulatory agencies and stakeholders.

Lead Ecological Risk Assessor, USFWS (1999 to Present): Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, Marion, Illinois (CERCLA) - Munitions were manufactured at Crab Orchard during WWII, and industrial activities are ongoing. Developed ecological risk work plans, conducted ecological risk modeling and collected field biological data to support risk evaluation and development of remedial goals. Lead ecological risk assessor for over 30 sites. Coordinated an ecological work group consisting of USFWS, Illinois EPA, USEPA Region 5 and potentially responsible parties.

Project Manager/Lead Risk Assessor, Alcoa/Arconic (1992 to present): Manage a CERCLA investigation in Iowa to evaluate surface water and sediments of the upper Mississippi River (Mississippi River Pool 15) and soils of an adjacent industrial metals manufacturing site. The project is being overseen by USEPA Region 7. Conducted human health and ecological risk assessments and several supporting studies,

Carl Crane Senior Risk Assessor

Areas of Expertise

Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment Terrestrial and Aquatic Toxicology Sediment Contamination Water Quality Education

M.S./1985/ Biology /Tennessee Technological University B.S./1978/ Zoology /State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry

Years of Experience

With AECOM

28 yrs

With Other Firms 7 yrs


40-hour Hazardous Waste Operations & Emergency Response 29 CFR 1910.120 PADI International Open Water Diver

AECOM Carl Crane Page 2 of 6

including wetland surveys, endangered mussel surveys, benthic diversity studies, and fish tissue sampling. Prepared a feasibility study and developed a monitored natural recovery project plan (MNRPP) to support the record of decision.

Lead Risk Assessor/Senior Risk Assessment Reviewer (2010 to present): Currently providing risk assessment support for an RI/FS at Beale AFB in California. Have also performed recent human health and/or ecological risk assessments for investigations at multiple military installations under the MMRP, CERCLA and RCRA programs, including: Scott AFB, IL; Sioux Army Depot, NE; Charleston AFB, SC; Shaw AFB, SC; Fort Gordon, GA; MacDill AFB, FL; Maxwell AFB, AL; Blue Grass Army Depot, KY; Mississippi Army Ammunitions Plant; Iowa Army Ammunition Plant; Camp Ellis, IL; Mountain Home AFB, ID; Souix Army Depot, NE; Holloman and Cannon AFB, NM; Hill AFB, NV; Pole Mountain Target and Maneuver Area, WY; Vandenberg AFB and Beale AFB, CA; and Former Fort Glenn, AK. Responsibilities included authoring/reviewing work plans and human health and ecological risk evaluations and interacting with project stakeholders.

Project Scientist, BP, San Juan River, Venezuela (1999) – Supported water quality and hydraulic studies in the tidally influenced San Juan River. Spent seven weeks in the field supporting studies to evaluate potential impacts to the San Juan River and adjacent wetlands associated with natural resource exploration and development.

Ecological Risk Assessment Lead, Bannister Federal Complex (BFC), Kansas City, Missouri (2000-2002; 2013-2016): Performed a Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment in support of property transfer and redevelopment. The BFC is the former site of a large General Services Administration (GSA) administrative center, and a large manufacturing facility for nuclear weapons components. The primary constituents of ecological concern at the facility were PCBs in bordering creeks/river, and associated riparian area. Evaluation consisted of both total PCBs and dioxin-like PCB congeners. Developed work plans and negotiated risk assessment approaches with both state regulators and USEPA Region 7. The risk assessment was approved by both USEPA and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources.

Lead Ecological Risk Assessor, U.S. Steel (2000 to 2016): Conducted ecological risk assessments for sites associated with an active steel manufacturing facility, including embayments along Lake Michigan in Gary, Indiana. Program is overseen by USEPA Region 5.

Project Manager/Lead Risk Assessor, U.S. Steel (2001 to 2006): Managed a project for evaluating a creek in north central Alabama impacted by PAHs. Sediment and floodplain soil investigations were completed, along with ecological and human health risk assessments that led to the removal of contaminated materials to reduce potential risks. Program is being administered under RCRA by the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM).

Lead Risk Assessor, U.S. Steel (2003 to present): Ecological and human health risk assessment at an active steel manufacturing facility and associated properties in Fairfield, AL. Program is being administered under RCRA by ADEM.

Lead Ecological Risk Assessor, U.S. Steel (2007-2009): Provided ecological risk assessment support for a former steel facility in Vineyard, Utah, including interaction with state regulators.


Project Manager/Lead Risk Assessor, U.S. Steel (2000 to 2014): Ecological and human health risk assessment at a former steel manufacturing facility on and adjacent to the St. Louis River near Duluth, MN. This is a CERCLA site administered by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). Key role in developing risk evaluation strategies and working with the MPCA.

Lead Ecological Risk Assessor, Coast Guard, Anclote Key Lighthouse, FL (2015 - 2016): The Anclote Key Lighthouse is located at Anclote Key in Pinellas County, Florida. Performed an ecological risk assessment for the US Coast Guard (in conjunction with site characterization and human health risk assessment) to evaluate lead and mercury in soils, sediments and surface water.

Lead Ecological Risk Assessor, Shell Oil (2016-present) – Ecological risk assessment at an active oil refinery and adjacent waterways located in El Dorado, KS.

Lead Ecological Risk Assessor, El Paso (2006 – 2012): Ecological risk assessment of former oil refineries and adjacent waterways located in El Dorado and Wichita, KS.

Ecological Risk Assessor, Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren, Dalgren, VA (2016 to present): Ecological Risk Assessor for conducting a combustion risk assessment in support of RCRA Part B permit renewal at an active open burn/open detonation facility. Prepared a Work Plan to provide the detailed approach for conducting the risk assessment following the basic approach in EPA’s Combustion Risk Assessment Guidance.

Project Scientist, BP, Azerbaijan (2011-2012) – Supported development of a Position Paper on toxicity thresholds for water-based drilling muds in the Azeri Chirag Gunashli, a large complex of oil fields in the Caspian Sea.

Project Scientist, BP Azerbaijan (2014-2016) – Supported toxicity evaluation of commercial dispersant products and oil/dispersant mixtures to support licensing and regulatory approval for the dispersants in Azerbaijan.

Ecological Risk Assessor, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan (2013-2014): Completed an ecological risk screening effort for the urban project area that resulted in an in-depth evaluation of over 275 analytes resulting in the identification of only one chemical of concern. The screening involved the justification for and final selection of avian receptors as the only relevant receptor for an urban environment, the development of a hierarchy for identifying and selecting ecological screening levels, calculating a screening level benchmark, as necessary, and the development of a robust uncertainty analysis. As a result of the success of the ecological risk screening effort, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) has adopted this approach as an internal means of evaluating ecological exposure for other projects.

Ecotoxicologist (2015-2019): Coordinating biosurveys and chemical-specific sediment toxicity testing for a specialty metals manufacturer near Elmore, OH. The work will be used to support remedial decision making in a stream and wetland area adjacent to the facility.

Ecological Risk Assessment, Umatilla Chemical Demilitarization Facility, Umatilla, Oregon (2012): Performed a multi-pathway ecological risk assessment using protocols established in USEPA


combustion risk assessment and Oregon Department of Environmental Quality guidance to support closure of a chemical weapons (nerve and mustard agent) incinerator.

Lead Ecological Risk Assessor (2014-2016): Ecological risk assessment of PCBs in a creek in Mansfield, OH. Evaluation consisted of both total PCBs and dioxin-like PCB congeners.

Ecological Risk Assessment, Orphan Mine, Arizona (2012): Peer review for an ecological risk assessment at the Orphan Mine Site in Grand Canyon National Park. Included evaluation of both conventional contaminants as well as radionuclides.

Lead Ecological Risk Assessor (2013): Performed an ecological risk assessment in support of an Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis at Hillside Mine near Bagdad, Arizona for the Bureau of Land Management. Project included evaluation of radionuclides and application of the RESRAD-BIOTA model.

Ecological Risk Assessor (2011): Provided third-party review and strategizing for ecological risk assessment of Duck and Otter Creeks in Toledo, Ohio.

Lead Risk Assessor (2007 to 2010): Evaluated potential human health and ecological risks at a battery manufacturing facility in Attica, IN. The work was performed as part of a RCRA Facility Investigation overseen by USEPA Region 5.

Senior Scientist, Ecological Risk Assessment, Radionuclide Facilities West Valley Development Project, Ashford, New York (2005): Peer review and oversight for an ecological risk assessment which included a landfill and several lagoon or surface water treatment basins, evaluating both radionuclides and non-radionuclide constituents.

Ecological Risk Assessor (2001 to 2005): Worked with the US Navy and USEPA to develop a national program for sinking retired Navy vessels for the purpose of creating artificial reefs under the TSCA risk-based approval process. Residual solid-phase PCBs were the chemicals of interest. Provided support for development of a risk assessment model that evaluates the fate and transport of contaminants from vessels to the surrounding water column, sediment, and food chain. Project supported approval for sinking the aircraft carrier ORISKANY off the Pensacola, FL coast in 2006.

Ecological Risk Assessor (~2000-2005): Performed/reviewed prospective ecological risk assessments of agricultural properties being considered for acquisition by the South Florida Water Management District under the Everglades Restoration Program.

Lead Ecological Risk Assessor (2000 to 2005): Indiana Army Ammunitions Plant – Drafted and provided oversight/review for ecological risk assessment activities at multiple sites. Key concerns were endangered bats. Led activities for biological sampling (bioaccumulation and invertebrate toxicity testing) in support of ecological risk activities.

Other Related Experience

Project/Task Manager/Investigator:

Louisville, KY (2008) – Human health risk evaluation of former industrial site (lead primary chemical of concern).


Cattletsburg, KY (2004-2007) – Oil Refinery, Ecological Risk; Aquatic media.

Fort Miles Military Reservation, DE (2005-2006) – Lead risk assessor for remedial investigation under Military Munitions Response Program.

Badin, NC (2003-2008) – Former Metals Manufacturing Facility, Human and Ecological Risk evaluation in aquatic media.

Kenova, WV (2007-present) – Ecological Risk, former oil refinery and terminal; aquatic media.

Wurtsmith AFB near Oscoda, MI (2002-present) – Wetland area near landfill – sediment and surface water toxicity evaluations to support ecological risk assessment, as well as human health risk evaluation.

Argonne National Laboratories, IL (2002) – Ecological Risk Assessment, Freund Brook (PAHs)

St. Louis, MO (2002-2004) – Mississippi River Ecological Risk Assessment (chlorinated hydrocarbons)

McIntosh, AL (1994 – 1997) – Olin Basin on Tombigbee River - Ecological Risk Assessment (Hg, DDT, HCB). Included fish and mussel sampling.

Green River, Kentucky (1996) – Suspended solids impacts on mussel communities.

North Fork Holston River, Saltville, VA (1992-1995) – Mercury fate and transport modeling and data review.

Lavaca Bay, TX (1992-1994) – Mercury contamination program – Field data collection (sediment and biota), and sediment program task manager.

Huntsville Spring Branch-Indian Creek, Redstone Arsenal, AL (1988-1989) – Evaluation of DDT in fish, including bioaccumulation modeling.

Mississippi River near East St Louis, IL and Cordova, IL (1988-1992) - Water quality studies, including diffuser design studies using CORMIX. Conducted benthic habitat surveys and dye tracer studies in conjunction with mixing zone delineation.

Red River, Ashdown, AR; Ouachita River, AR; East Fork Stones River, TN; Turtle River, GA; Duck River, TN (1986 -1992) – Water Quality Modeling (QUAL2E)/Assimilative Capacity Studies.

Chronology

1978-1982/Peace Corps, Malaysia

1982-1985/Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN

1985-1986/Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Cookeville, TN

1986-1992/The Advent Group, Inc., Brentwood, TN

1992 - Present /AECOM, Franklin, TN


Contact Information

AECOM 1000 Corporate Centre Dr. One Corporate Centre, # 250, Franklin, TN 37067 Tel: 615.771.2480 Direct: 615.224.2107 Mobile: 615.294.6559 [email protected]

Stephen W. Duda Senior Scientist/Project Manager ___________________________________________________________________

Education MS, Aquatic Biology, State University of New York, Brockport, NY 14420, 1989 BS, Biology - Chemistry Concentration, Upsala College, NJ, 1982 PhD Program in Environmental Biology/Public Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 1991-1995

Overview Mr. Duda is a senior scientist and project/program manager providing technical and program level management in environmental and ecological sciences including environmental impact assessment, environmental investigations, risk assessment and ecotoxicology, remediation, environmental permitting, natural resources, ecological restoration, and regulatory support/negotiation. He has directed environmental investigations, remedial activities, and risk-based cleanups at federal and commercial facilities throughout the US and in several other countries including Asia and Latin America. He has significant experience in conducting ecological assessments in subtropical riverine and wetland habitats, having directed or participated in multiple investigations and assessments for environmental contamination issues in estuarine/coastal habitats in Florida and the Southeastern US. He has also provided expert witness and litigation support in the areas of risk assessment, water quality and aquatic biology. Examples of Relevant Projects Chevron Pacific Indonesia, Sumatra. Lead risk assessor for multiple projects associated with investigation and assessment of COC impacts in the Garuk Study Area. Projects included a sediment and surface water environmental assessment for Garuk Blocks A and B and the Leko River, a sediment and surface water human health risk assessment for this same area, and development of a soil assessment approach for COCs within the local watershed. Contaminants included petroleum compounds and metals associated with operational releases and small dam breaches. PPG Corporation. Risk Assessment. Puerto Rico. Currently developing the risk assessment approach which will be used to evaluate remedial alternatives and exposures to potential receptors at a closed manufacturing facility. Project is evaluating on-site soil, migration of groundwater, and contaminant migration to a nearby river and embayments. US Army Corp of Engineers- Mobile District. Soto Cano Air Base. Honduras. Conducted an assessment of the potential environmental impacts associated with a fuel spill from a pipeline on this facility. The project involved development and implementation of a sampling plan, a risk evaluation, and a determination of remedial alternatives. PPG Corporation. Environmental Impact Assessment. Puerto Rico. As part of the Environmental Report in support of the Port Ambrose Deepwater Port License

Application for a new Liquefied Natural Gas facility, conducted a ichthyoplankton entrainment and impingement assessment. AECOM Corporation. Risk Assessment Technical Practice Group Lead. For multiple years, served as AECOM’s Global Technical Practice Group lead for human health and ecological risk assessment. In this role, coordinated technical outreach and training, and business development efforts across multiple countries. Greenfield Environmental Multistate Trust, LLC, Ecological Risk Assessment, Former Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp Superfund Site, Jacksonville, FL. Project Manager and Senior Risk Assessor for conducting an ERA for the terrestrial and aquatic environments associated with this site, including the adjacent St. Johns River. As part of this task, compiled data from multiple sources into a singular ERA-specific database file. ERA focused on multiple assessment endpoints and followed the EPA ERAGS process. Scoping for the ERA was conducted directly with EPA Region 4. Based on the results of the ERA, risk-based remedial goals were developed for the COCs. Also provided support for the HHRA, Feasibility Study, and ROD developed for this site. Greenfield Environmental Multistate Trust, LLC, Fish Tissue Sampling, Former Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp Superfund Site, Jacksonville, FL. Project Manager and Lead Biologist for conducting a fish tissue contaminant investigation in the St Johns River. This data was used to determine if there is a potential for risk to human fishers from consumption of fish in the river adjacent to this site, and also to validate the results of the fish tissue risk assessment that was performed as part of the OU1 RI/BRA. AFCEE - Site OT029, Fred Bayou Remedial Investigation, Baseline Risk Assessment, Tyndall AFB, FL. Served as the lead Risk Assessor and Technical Director for remedial investigation and remedial activities at an estuarine bayou and upland area contaminated with pesticides, metals, and PAHs. Designed and implemented an extensive terrestrial and aquatic chemical, biological, and physical investigation program. These have included upland field surveys as well as macroinvertebrate, meiobenthic, and fish surveys. Have also conducted sampling and analysis of bayou biota (fish, bivalves, crustaceans) and site media (sediment, surface water, soil, groundwater), as well as bioaccumulation and toxicity testing. Also performed background chemical and biological studies on other bayous in St Andrews Bay to aid in evaluating the data collected at Fred Bayou. Served as key technical resource to TAFB Tier 1 partnering team in negotiating assessment approaches with Federal and State regulators AFCEE - Site OT029, Fred Bayou IRA and Terrestrial Feasibility Study, Tyndall AFB, FL. Served as the Lead Risk Assessor and Technical Director for scoping and conducted an Interim Remedial Action to remove contaminated soils and sediments containing elevated levels of pesticides, PAHs, and metals. Also served as technical director for development of a Terrestrial Feasibility Study to evaluated long term remedial options for the upland portion of this site. US Navy, Sites 39 and 40 Investigation, Risk Assessment, and Feasibility Study, Whiting Field, Milton, FL. Senior Scientist/Risk Assessor overseeing development at this DOD CERCLA site, of investigation approaches to complete a hydric soil and sediment background study, conduct additional RI activities, revisions of the RI/BRA, and development of a Feasibility Study to develop remedial alternatives for this floodplain/riverine site (Site 39). Site 40 is the site wide groundwater plume, which

integrates groundwater contamination from over 20 individual sites. Contaminants include metals, pesticides, PAHs, and VOCs. AFCEC, Performance-Based Environmental Remediation Contract, Eglin AFB and Hurlburt Field, FL. Currently serving as AECOM’s Senior Biologist/Risk Assessor and Regulatory Specialist on the Eglin AFB fence-to-fence PBR contract. Overall goal is to achieve no further action (NFA) or alternative site closure endpoints (LUCs, MNA, etc.) for 36 sites at Eglin AFB. Led risk assessment efforts to obtain NFA on two sites with wetlands, upland areas, estuarine areas, and stream areas. Contaminants included metals, pesticides, and PAHs. A detailed background study and ecotoxicological studies were conducted in order to justify site closure. Chilivis, Cochran, Larkins, and Bever, LLP, Aquatic Ecology Expert Witness Support, East Dublin, Georgia. Provided expert witness support to the defendant for US vs. Griffith Industries, which centered on potential impacts of nutrients to Waters of the US. Designed and implemented a stream assessment plan, which included stream water quality, phytoplankton and microbiological analysis, and use of the Rapid Bioassessment Protocol. Also provided support for evaluation of analytical chemistry data quality and development of strategies to evaluate nonpoint sources of nutrients. US Army Corps of Engineers – Omaha District, Ecological Studies, Avon Park Air Force Range, Florida. Previously conducted ecological surveys at sites located throughout Avon Park in support of multiple environmental and ecological impact assessments. These sites have included riverine habitat, pine flatwoods, savannahs, longleaf pine, and managed pine plantations. Surveys have included a qualitative assessment of the terrestrial and aquatic/wetland flora and fauna associated with the study areas, including an assessment of the potential for threatened and endangered species, such as the gopher tortoise USACE – Omaha, Eglin Air Force Base, Ecological Studies, Fort Walton Beach, Florida. Conducted ecological characterizations at several sites located throughout Eglin Air Force Base. Habitats evaluated have included steephead stream ecosystems, baygall wetlands, estuarine and coastal areas, lakes, emergent wetlands, creeks, longleaf pine plantations, and various mixed hardwood and pine forests. These activities have included a qualitative assessment of the terrestrial and aquatic/wetland flora and fauna associated with each of the study areas, including a survey for any potential endangered, threatened or sensitive species. Senior Scientist/Task Manager. Remedial Investigation and Risk Assessment. Confidential Client. Spartanburg, South Carolina. Responsible for scoping, design, and implementation of an off-site assessment at a plastics manufacturing facility. Project involves a detailed remedial investigation and ecological sampling (fish tissue evaluation, benthic community assessment) of a creek and riverine areas to investigate impacts associated with chlorinated solvents to site groundwater, surface water, and sediment. Data were utilized in a risk assessment to evaluate the potential migration of contaminants off the site and develop remedial options. Confidential Client, Expert Witness Support, Inman, South Carolina. Provided expert witness support to the defendant in a lawsuit regarding contamination of groundwater on a residential property and an adjacent river, which had resulted from migration of chlorinated solvents from a nearby industrial site. Support was provided in

evaluation of human and ecological risks to downgradient properties including the plaintiff’s property. Support also included an assessment of property diminution. Case was settled prior to going to trial in favor of the defendant. St. Marks Refinery Closure, Investigation, Risk Assessment, and Remedial Options Development, Florida Dept of Environmental Protection, St. Marks, Florida Senior scientist responsible for developing the investigation approach, human and ecological risk assessment, and remedial/land use alternatives for a closed petroleum refinery on the St. Marks River that processed crude oil and asphalt to produce stabilized naphtha, jet fuel/kerosene, and diesel fuel. Chemicals of potential concern at the site included petroleum constituents, metals, furans, and dioxins. Robins Air Force Base, Warner Robins, Georgia. Senior scientist for multiple environmental and ecological studies, including a watershed scale ecological risk assessment which involved upland, wetland, stream, and riverine areas. Studies including ecological surveys in a variety of wetland and upland habitats, threatened and endangered species surveys, a basewide jurisdicational wetland delination, macroinvertebrate assessments, fish sampling, toxicity testing with various species, bioaccumulation testing, and chemical analysis of surface water, sediment, soil, and groundwater. South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Stoller Chemical Company Site - Caw Caw Swamp, Risk Assessment and Site Restoration Jericho, South Carolina. Participated in an RI/BRA for a State Superfund site consisting of a 50-acre wetland area impacted by runoff and groundwater discharge from a former fertilizer manufacturing facility. Project also included a feasibility study, design, construction, and post construction monitoring for restoration of twenty acres of freshwater marsh habitat in the adjacent Caw Caw Swamp. For both Caw Caw Swamp and the site area, also oversaw restoration planning, implementation, and implementation of a long-term monitoring program for restoration success. Macon Naval Ordnance Plant, Impact Assessment, Macon, Georgia. Conducted a fish contamination investigation of a landfill bordered by a small creek and wetlands. Activities included electrofishing and gillnetting to collect fish for contaminants analysis. An assessment of the potential impacts of the site on aquatic biota was determined by integrating the fish tissue data, as well as the sediment, surface water, soil and groundwater data. Waste Management, Grove Landfill, Field Study, Pennsylvania. Technical advisor for a field study of impacts to fish and benthic macroinvertebrate communities due to contaminant migration (primarily metals) from a landfill. The landfill is located adjacent to a large, tidal, freshwater river. Contaminant body burden data and community structure data were collected to assess potential impacts from the landfill. Sprague Paperboard, Versailles Pond Ecological Assessment Long-Term Monitoring Program, Versailles, Connecticut. Project manager for ecological assessment of a riverine and dam system contaminated with metals and dioxin/furans from non-point source runoff and historical papermill effluents. Developed and implemented a sampling program for water quality, fish tissue, and pond sediment under the long-term monitoring of the pond, which includes monitoring the Little River and Versailles Pond water system. Northwest Florida Water Management District, Review of Biological Opinion, Apalachicola River, Florida. Developed a technical memorandum consisting of a

review and evaluation of the techniques and conclusions of a Biological Opinion (BO) by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The BO assessed the effects that the proposed operating plan for a major dam on the Apalachicola River (including proposed flow regimes and water release thresholds) potentially would have on four endangered and threatened species downstream: the Gulf sturgeon and three species of freshwater mussels. The memo evaluated the techniques used in the BO, including survey design, growth estimation, and population data analysis; it identified uncertainties associated with the resulting conclusions and recommendations; and it evaluated the conclusions of the BO regarding incidental take of the mussel species. USACE Omaha, Human and Ecological Risk Assessments, Pueblo Chemical Depot, CO,. Task Manager/Senior Consultant for a site-wide human health and ecological risk assessment consisting of 55 individual SWMUs over a 15 square mile site. Site was formerly used to manufacture, develop, test, and store various types of munitions including chemical and conventional weapons, and also included tailings piles from previous mining on the site. Contaminants included metals, VOCs, and explosive compounds. Project included extensive negotiation with state/federal agencies as assessment methods were developed and toxicity reference values were derived. Utilizing the results of the risk assessment in the remedial alternatives development process, the client was able to achieve unrestricted site closeout or site closeout with controls on most of the SWMUs across the range. Private Client, Baseline Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, Wilmington, North Carolina. Conducted a baseline human and ecological risk assessment of chlorinated solvent contamination at a polyester intermediates plant, in support of a feasibility study. Media assessed included soil, groundwater, and groundwater infiltration to the Northeast Cape Fear river. Risk assessment results were utilized to focus remedial activities on the groundwater migration pathway only

James C. Garrison, Ph.D. Principal Toxicologist

Overview Dr. Garrison is a Consultant/Principal Toxicologist with specialized expertise in the toxicology of a variety of environmental contaminants, including petroleum products, metals (including mine wastes), PCBs, VOCs, pesticides, PAHs, dioxins and amines, as well as munitions compounds (HMX, RDX, nitroglycerin, tetryl, TNT, TNB, DNT, amino DNTs, and picric acid) and chemical warfare agents (nerve gas and mustard gas). Dr. Garrison has performed human health and ecological risk assessments for both RCRA and CERCLA projects. In addition to his expertise in toxicology, Dr. Garrison has experience in wetlands biology, having performed his masters research in salt marsh ecology. Prior to working for AECOM, Dr Garrison was a Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Kansas Medical Center, conducting basic toxicology research. While at AECOM, Dr. Garrison has been the primary author of numerous risk-related documents, including baseline risk assessments, screening risk assessments, vapor intrusion (VI) studies, cleanup goal documents, ecological risk assessments, risk assessment workplans, toxicology profiles, position papers, guidance documents, and training materials. In addition to providing technical input to risk assessment projects, Dr. Garrison has negotiation experience with both state and federal agencies, and has provided litigation support for several projects. Dr. Garrison has “hands on” experience performing risk work in all 10 U.S. EPA regions. The majority of these risk assessments have resulted in significant cost savings to the clients either through identification of sites for no further action, screening out SWMUs/subsites from further evaluation, and the development of health-based cleanup goals. Representative examples of Dr. Garrison’s project experience are listed below.

General Risk Assessment Experience

Representative examples of Dr. Garrison's experience in the general area of risk assessment includes the following:

Risk Assessment Review and Toxicology Support, Brumadinho Mine Disaster Site, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Currently providing toxicology support and reviewing risk assessments for the Brumadinho mine disaster site, located in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The risk assessments incorporate both USEPA and ATSDR methods, following Brazil's GAISMA process for evaluating risk at mining sites, and incorporate both deterministic and probabilistic approaches in the quantitative evaluation of risk.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, chemical manufacturing facility, Campinas, Brazil. [client was Ashland Chemical]. Performed a human health risk assessment for a chemical manufacturing facility where chlorinated solvents had entered groundwater, potentially impacting off-site populations. The risk assessment was performed using current

Areas of Expertise Toxicology Risk Assessment Environmental Chemistry Ecology

Years of Experience With AECOM: 29 Years With Other Firms: 14 Years

Education Post-Doctoral Fellowship/1985-1989/Toxicology/University of Kansas Medical Center Ph.D./1985/Teratology/University of Kansas M.S./1980/Marine Biology/University of Mississippi B.S./1976/Systematics and Ecology/University of Kansas

Registration/Certification N/A

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USEPA methods (Risk Assessment Guidelines for Superfund. Volume I. Human Health Evaluation Manual).

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Holly Frontier Refinery, El Dorado, Kansas. [client is Shell Oil] Currently performing a Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment at a former Shell Refinery, now owned and operated by Holly Frontier, located in El Dorado, Ks. The risk assessment, conducted as part of a RCRA investigation for the facility, will be used to identify remedial needs for the site, to help establish land use controls necessary to protect exposed populations, and to help Shell divest liabilities associated with sale of the facility to Holly Frontier.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Bannister Federal Complex (BFC), Kansas City, Missouri. [client was Honeywell Federal Manufacturing and Technologies, LLC] Performed Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment, and supervised development of a Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment, under RCRA, in support of property transfer and redevelopment. The BFC, which previously housed approximately 15,000 employees, is the former site of a large General Services Administration (GSA) administrative center, and a large manufacturing facility for nuclear weapons components. The primary constituents of concern at the facility were chlorinated solvents and PCBs in site soils and groundwater, and in off-site surface water bodies and biota. The risk assessments identified vapor intrusion of solvents into indoor work areas, and direct contact with contaminated soil and groundwater during excavation, as two pathways that could pose unacceptable risks, and that require some form of corrective action prior to site redevelopment. The risk assessments were approved by both USEPA and Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), and the conclusions and recommendations of the risk assessments are currently being used to guide site redevelopment for commercial use.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Umatilla Chemical Demilitarization Facility, Umatilla, Oregon. [client was Washington Demilitarization Company, LLC] Performed a multi-pathway human health risk assessment, using protocols established in USEPA combustion risk assessment guidance, in support of closure of a chemical weapons (nerve and mustard agent) incinerator. Scenarios evaluated included standard industrial use, as well as a subsistence Native American population who lives on-site and grows all food/diet items in potentially impacted soils. The risk assessment demonstrated that minimal remediation was required to support closure of the incinerator permit.

Risk Assessment Support, Orphan Mine, Grand Canyon, AZ. [client was the US National Park Service] Calculated risks to workers and park visitors exposed to chemical (arsenic) and radiological (radon, gamma radiation) contamination associated with an abandoned uranium mine located on the rim of the Grand Canyon.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility, Tooele, UT. [client was Washington Demilitarization Company, LLC] Developed a risk-based approach to safely dispose of

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equipment and buildings at the Tooele facility that are contaminated with nerve gas and mustard gas.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Numerous Refinery sites in Kansas. [client was El Paso Merchant Energy – Petroleum Company] Performed Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment at two former refineries located in El Dorado and Wichita, Ks, and a tank farm in El Dorado Ks. These risk assessments included residential scenarios for the purpose of identifying necessary land use controls, and industrial scenarios to identify remediation needs. Performed screening level risk assessment for tank farm located in Wichita, Ks. Performed risk evaluation in support of property transfer at active refinery in McPherson, Ks. At the McPherson site, worked with KDHE and the stakeholders to ensure a soil management plan was in place to minimize any future risks in lieu of wide-scale soil remediation.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Two Refineries in Ohio (USEPA-lead sites). [client was BP] Performed Baseline Human Health Risk Assessments for approximately 20 SWMUs at 2 active BP refineries located in Lima, Ohio and Toledo, Ohio under the USEPA RCRA program.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Two Refineries in Ohio (OEPA-lead sites). [client was BP] Performed Baseline Human Health Risk Assessments for 4 SWMUs at 2 active BP refineries located in Ohio under the Ohio Voluntary Action Program.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Refinery in Kentucky. [client was Ashland Inc.] Performed Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment for a large active refinery located in Catlettsburg, Kentucky.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Petrochemical Plant in Brazil. [client was Ashland Resinas Ltda.]Performed Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment for a petrochemical plant located in Campinas, Brazil, using USEPA risk assessment approach. The Campinas state regulators have stated that they plan to use this risk assessment as a model for future sites.

Public involvement, Refinery located in Sugar Creek, Missouri. [client was BP] The Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services had conducted several epidemiology studies in the vicinity of the former refinery to evaluate claims that the refinery was impacting the health of the local community (primarily brain tumors, but other health claims as well). Public involvement activities included critical review of epidemiology studies and interviews with news reporters in support of the client.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Allied Signal Facility, Kansas City, Missouri. [client was Honeywell International Inc. Federal Manufacturing & Technologies] Developed risk-based Corrective Action Objectives (CAOs) for the Multi-Site Corrective Measures Study for the Department of Energy Kansas City Plant. CAOs were developed to address potential contamination at seventeen SWMUs and one potential release site. . Components of the CAO development included identification of chemicals of concern, selection of potentially exposed populations,

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development of Site Conceptual Models, quantification of exposure, identification of chemical toxicity values, and calculation of numeric CAOs. Chemicals evaluated included a number of VOCs, SVOCs, and PCBs.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Allied Signal Facility, Kansas City, Missouri. [client was Honeywell International Inc. Federal Manufacturing & Technologies] Performed a Baseline Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment for the 95th Terrace Site at the Department of Energy Kansas City Plant. The risk assessment focused on potential PCB releases from site soils and surface water (stormwater outfall) into Indian Creek, and downstream into the Blue River.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Navy Ship-Reefing Project, Pensacola, Florida. [client was US Navy] Worked closely with the US Navy as the senior AECOM risk assessor, on a multidisciplinary AECOM team, to sink a retired Air Craft Carrier as an artificial reef off the coast of Pensacola, FL. The ship was sunk in May 2006, creating the largest man-made reef to ever be sunk intentionally for such a purpose. This was the first vessel to be approved for risk-based sinking under USEPA’s TSCA program. The Discovery Channel filmed a one-hour special on the sinking of the vessel, which was broadcast in October 2006. The AECOM team developed a computer model to predict release of PCBs from ships that have yet to be sunk into the food chain, and developed a predictive risk assessment approach to support sinking of the ship. The risk assessment indicated the need to remove some highly contaminated materials (flight deck) prior to sinking. This project required a multidisciplinary approach, and involved direct, high-profile interaction with senior regulators at EPA Headquarters, EPA TSCA Office, EPA Region IV (including senior toxicologists, modelers, ecologists, permit specialists, and senior managers), as well as presentations to EPA’s Science Advisory Board. EPA indicated that the computer model will likely be accepted as the basis for a Nation-wide approval process for reefing of excessed Navy vessels.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Former Refinery located in Kansas City, Kansas. [client was ConocoPhillips - Risk Management & Remediation] Performed Baseline Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessments for a former refinery site located adjacent to the Missouri and Kansas Rivers. Issues included potential releases of petroleum related chemicals to the rivers, as well as potential on-site exposure by worker populations via direct contact and via vapor intrusion.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Development of Site Conceptual Exposure Model Software. [client was the US DOE] Provided risk assessment expertise for development of “Site Conceptual Exposure Model Builder (SCEM Builder)” software for U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE). This graphical software automates the process of developing SCEMs for use in multiple phases of environmental investigations, from initial site investigation through remediation. The software is currently posted on DOE’s website, and has been used for training purposes by USEPA.

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Risk Assessment Task Leader, Transformer Site located in White Pine, Tennessee. [client was Brambles (ENSCO)] Evaluated risks and developed risk-based cleanup goals for concrete at a facility that was contaminated with PCBs. The facility had previous EPA approval to process polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) transformer oil dielectric fluid from the late 1970s to late 1980s by distillation/chlorine removal process. Normal operations caused PCBs to leak or be spilled on the concrete of the processing area. AECOM worked closely with the USEPA TSCA office, resulting in the first case anywhere in the US where USEPA granted a risk-based exemption request. Savings to client were estimated to be in several millions as total concrete removal was avoided.

Risk Assessment Task Leader, Various Projects, Explosives Manufacturer, Missouri. [client was ICI] Provided oversight and valuable technical support on a number of risk-related projects. Highlights of some of the risk-related work include the following:

Developed risk-based cleanup goals for explosive residues in soil. Primary contaminants included nitroaromatic explosives and metals.

Successfully negotiated a no-action remedy for over 30 disposal sites distributed over more than 400 acres based on data validation and risk-based cleanup goals.

Developed detailed toxicity and health effects information packages (toxicity profiles) for explosives to be used by the practice in AECOM.

Lead Risk Assessor, Numerous Projects. Developed health-based cleanup goals for a number of CERCLA (Superfund) and RCRA facilities, using USEPA methodologies. Representative sites include pesticide formulation facilities (OP and OC insecticides, various herbicides), pharmaceutical facility (amine compounds), paint waste disposal areas (metals and VOCs), explosives manufacturing facility (TNT), military facilities (VOCs, SVOCs, metals and a variety of explosives), and electronics manufacturing facilities (VOCs).

Prepared a baseline risk assessment and used the results of the risk assessment to demonstrate that lead-contaminated soils at a paint disposal site in rural Iowa did not pose an imminent threat to human health or the environment. The initial remedy selected by EPA had included off-site disposal in an approved landfill, however, the risk assessment provided the basis for a less costly in-situ remediation. Estimated cost savings are greater than one million dollars.

Performed baseline human health risk assessments at a number of sites, including military bases, pesticide formulation facilities, electronics facilities, waste disposal sites, and a pharmaceutical manufacturing facility.

Provided technical guidance and assistance in the preparation and scoping of approximately 10 additional baseline human health risk assessments.

Performed a screening level risk assessment for 16 SWMUs at Argonne National Laboratory.

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Primary author for baseline human health risk assessments for two pesticide manufacturing facilities, one military base, and an explosive manufacturing facility.

Performed modeling for dust emissions, volatile emissions from soil, volatile emissions from trenches, volatile emissions from showers, and vapor intrusion (Johnson & Ettinger model) at numerous sites for use in risk assessments.

Developed more than 30 detailed toxicity and health effects information packages (toxicity profiles) for metals (such as lead, arsenic, mercury) and organics (PAHs, TCE, PCE, etc.) to be used by the practice in AECOM.

Provided numerous risk-based services on other projects, including the development of risk-based concentrations as site screening tools, development of site conceptual exposure models to aid in project planning and data collection activities, and evaluation of potential risks associated with remedial alternatives.

Acted as senior reviewer on multiple AECOM position papers on risk-related topics, including papers on soil ingestion rates among various populations, review of shower models used by EPA compared to information available in the scientific literature, and chemical toxicology reviews.

External Peer Reviewer for Bermuda Naval Air Station Risk Assessment prior to presentation to U.S. Congress. [client was US Navy] At the closing of the US Naval Air Station in Bermuda, the Government of Bermuda sued the US Government for environmental damages supposedly caused by the Navy. Risk Assessors at the Navy prepared a human health risk assessment for presentation to a congressional committee showing that the Air Station did not pose any risk. Prior to submittal to the committee, Dr. Garrison was retained as a “Nationally-recognized expert” to perform a peer-review of the Navy risk assessment.

Litigation Support for closure of the Naval Bombing Range, Vieques, Puerto Rico. [client was US Navy] Worked directly with attorneys from the US Navy Litigation Office and the US Department of Justice to provide risk assessment litigation expertise in response to a lawsuit filed by a prominent environmental action group. The lawsuit alleged that bombing activities conducted by the US Navy posed a potential health risk to residents of the island who lived 10 miles downwind of the range. Support provided to the attorneys included evaluation of environmental data, munitions chemistry and toxicology, review of epidemiology studies conducted in the region, and preparation of position papers. The lawsuit was eventually dropped.

Co-author and deputy project manager for development of a human health risk assessment guidance document (EM 200-1-4, Volume I). [client was the US Army Corps of Engineers]This document is used as the basis for conducting Human Health Risk Assessments for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

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Co-author and project manager for development of an ecological risk assessment guidance document (EM 200-1-4, Volume II). [client was the US Army Corps of Engineers]This document is used as the basis for conducting Ecological Risk Assessments for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Senior Risk Assessor, Development of Brownsfield Guidance for the State of Mississippi. [client was the State of Mississippi Dept of Environmental Quality] This guidance was modeled on the Illinois Tiered Approach to Corrective Action Objectives (TACO) program, using the Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) tiered approach for evaluating sites and achieving cost-effective cleanup.

Professional Societies/Affiliates Society of Toxicology – Member American Association for the Advancement of Science – Member Sigma Xi – Member

Publications Wyttenbach, C.R., S.C. Thompson, J.C. Garrison, and P.A. Kitos, Precision delivery of small volumes of liquids to very young avian embryos. I. Locating and positioning the embryo in ovo. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacal. 59:40-48. 1981.

Garrison, J.C., and C.R. Wyttenbach, Notochordal development as influenced by the insecticide dicrotophos (Bidrin). J. Exp. Zool. 234:243-250. 1985.

Garrison, J.C. and C.R. Wyttenbach, Teratogenic effects of the organophosphorus insecticide dicrotophos (Bidrin): Histological characterization of defects. Anat. Rec. 213:464-472. 1985.

Garrison, J.C., G.R. Pettit, and E.M. Uyeki. Effect of phorbol and Bryostatin I on chondrogenic expression of chick limb bud, in vitro. Life Sci. 41:2055-2061. 1987.

Garrison, J.C. and E.M. Uyeki. The effects of gamma radiation on chondrogenic development in vitro. Rad. Res. 116:356-363. 1988.

Garrison, J.C., P. Peterson, and E.M. Uyeki, Computer-based image analysis of cartilage differentiation in embryonic limb bud micromass cultures. J. Microscopy. 156:353-361. 1989.

Garrison, J.C. and E.M. Uyeki, Changes in hepatocyte ploidy in response to chromium, analyzed by computer-assisted microscopy. Fundament Appl. Toxicol. 14:346-355. 1990.

Goodrich, M.S., J. Garrison, P. Tong and A. Lunsford. "Risk Assessment Model for Evaluating Ex-Navy Vessels as Reef Materials", in M. Pellei and A. Porta (Eds.), Remediation of Contaminated Sediments – 2003. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (Venice, Italy; 30 Sep-3 Oct 2003). ISBN 1-57477-143-4, published by Batelle Press, Columbus, Ohio.

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Garrison, J.C. “Acrolein”, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 2nd edition, Wexler, Anderson, De Peyster and Gad (Eds.), published by Academic Press, ISBN 0127453547, June 2, 2005.

Abstracts and Presentations Garrison, J.C., Developmental defects in the early chick embryo caused by administration of the insecticide dicrotophos. First annual Southwest Regional Developmental Biology Conference, Abs. of meetings. 1983.

Garrison, J.C., Insecticide induced notochordal folding among chick embryos: Proposed sheath involvement. Am. Zool. 24:101A. 1984.

Bond, G.P., J.C. Garrison, and E.M. Uyeki, Computer-assisted microscopy (CAM) and detection of apoptosis in the developing chick embryo. Teratology. 35:38A. 1987.

Bond, G.P., J.C. Garrison, and E.M. Uyeki, Correlation of morphological (apoptosis) and biochemical (serum alanine transaminase-ALT) indices of hepatotoxicity in fasted female mice treated intraperitoneally with 1,1-dichloroethylene (DCE). The Toxicologist. 1988.

Garrison, J.C., P. Peterson, and E.M. Uyeki, Computer-assisted microscopy in the study of hepatotoxins. Cytometry supplement. 2:561B. 1988.

Garrison, J.C., T.U. Bisel, P. Peterson, and E.M. Uyeki, The use of computer-enhanced video microscopy in the study of chromium toxicity in the mouse liver. Annual Meeting Central State Chapter at the Society of Toxicology. 1989.

Garrison, J.C., D.P. Reagan, and D.Y. Takade. "A Team Approach for Integrating Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessments." A platform presentation at the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Second World Conference, November 1995.

Garrison, J.C. "Current Trends in Risk Assessment and Risk Management." A platform presentation at the University of Kansas 47th Annual Engineering Conference, February, 1997. Garrison, J.C. “Risk Issues and Cleanup Drivers: TCE, PAHs and Lead.” A platform presentation at the Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference, April, 2014.

Chronology 1990 – Present, AECOM, Kansas City, Missouri

1985 – 1990, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas

1979 – 1985, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas

1977 – 1978, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, Mississippi

1976 – 1977, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi

1972 – 1976, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas

Jill Hedgecock Principal Risk Assessor

Jill Hedgecock has 35 years of environmental experience. She specializes in ecological risk assessments and has experience in development of regulatory guidance and multiple mine sites. She has derived risk-based cleanup levels for the protection of human and ecological health, and has participated in negotiations with numerous regulatory agencies, including federal, state, native tribes, and natural resource stakeholders.

Selected Experience

Principal Risk Assessor, Baseline Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, Mahoney Mine Site, Tongass National Park, AK, U.S. Forest Service, 2011-2014: Prepared a human and ecological health work plan and risk assessment for post-remediation conditions at the Mahoney Mine site in Alaska under ADEC guidance. Primary contaminants of concern were cadmium, lead, and zinc. Adjustments to the blood lead models were made to address site specific exposures, including a child recreational user.

Risk Assessment Technical Lead, Environmental Evaluation/Cost Analysis, Risk Evaluation, Salt Chuck Mine Superfund Site, Tongass National Park, AK, U.S. Forest Service, 2009-2010. Developed multimedia sampling strategies to fill data gaps and performed human and ecological risk assessments, and provided oversight of aquatic bioassay test programs for intertidal tailings and sediments as well as developed an innovative approach to develop a sediment cleanup level based on tissue residue for copper. Primary contaminant of concerns were copper, other metals and petroleum.

Principal Human and Ecological Risk Assessor, Remedial for Ash Landfill under Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), City of Honolulu, Waipahu, Oahu, 2014 - present. Risk assessment task leader for performance of human and ecological baseline risk assessments for a remedial investigation under Superfund for a landfill previously closed under RCRA requirements. The human receptors of concern include adolescent soccer players, off-site residents and adult and child recreational users. A data gaps assessment and RI workplan were also prepared to assess human and ecological hazards from metals and other chemicals in soil, ash, groundwater site data as well as surface water data in a freshwater stream and marine environments.

Risk Assessor, Arsenic Bioaccessibility and Risk Assessment, Confidential Client, Honolulu, HI, 2008 – 2009. Prepared as arsenic bioaccessibilty study and risk assessment to assess to the bioavailable fraction of arsenic at a former tank farm in a simulated gastrointestinal environment. A no further action with institutional controls was deemed an appropriate risk management approach to address the impacted soils.

Risk Assessor, Copper Bioavailability Assessment, Holden Mine. Washington, Confidential, 2007. Performed a literature review of copper bioavailability in terrestrial environments.

Areas of Expertise

Ecological Risk Assessment Aquatic Toxicology Human Health Risk Assessment Petroleum Contamination Issues Mining Sites

Education

MS/Environmental Management/1989/University of San Francisco

BS/Biological Sciences/1982/University of California, Davis

Years of Experience

With AECOM (Formerly URS)

27

With Other Firms 8


40 Hour Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response, 8 hour Refresher – 2019

AECOM Jill Hedgecock Page 2 of 2

Peer Reviewer, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, Red Canyon, Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining (UDOGM)/Abandoned Mine Reclamation Program (AMRP), San Juan County, Utah. 2018. Peer-review of ranking strategy of site-specific screening level risk assessments for abandoned uranium mines in Red Canyon mining district located on U.S. Bureau of Land Management lands.

Peer Reviewer, Human and Ecological Risk Assessments, Bradford Island, Oregon, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2009 – 2010; 2012, 2014. Provided peer review risk assessment services for large-scale human and ecological remedial investigation reports for sediment, soil, surface water and biota tissues impacted by polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals on a complex river system.

Peer Reviewer, Human Health Assessment, Flying J Refinery, Cutbank, Montana, 2018. Reviewed the technical soundness of a human health risk assessment to address residual petroleum contamination in soil, groundwater and surface water under Montana Department of Environmental Quality guidance.

Risk Assessor, Environmental Evaluation/Cost Analysis, Risk Evaluation, Mine Sites, Tongass National Park, AK, U.S. Forest Service, 2000 – 2007. Prepared human and ecological risk assessment for mine tailing sites in Alaska under Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis guidelines. Historical information and site reconnaissance were used to minimize sampling effort. Site-specific and regional background data reduced proposed remediation areas. Risk-based remedial action objectives were developed for three sites.

Risk Assessor, Mine Tailings Risk Assessment, Kennedy Mine, CA, Confidential Client, Confidential Client, 1993 – 1994. Prepared a human and ecological risk assessment for mine tailing sites in the Gold Country of California. Historical information and site reconnaissance were used to minimize sampling effort. Site-specific and regional background data reduced proposed remediation areas.

Selected Publications

Hedgecock, J. Loso, H. and C. Cellucci. 2017 “Metals Bioaccumulation in Marine Environments: Using a Weight of Evidence Approach to Delineate Source Media for Risk Management Decision-Making” Platform Presentation, National Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Conference, November. Hedgecock, J., Loso, H. and R. Finlayson, 2015. “Is the Mud Really Toxic? Challenges and Lessons Learned.” Poster Presentation at the National Association of Environmental Professionals Conference, Honolulu, HI, April.

Schwach, C., Hedgecock, J., Loso, H. and U. Vedagiri. 2013. Pitfalls in Data Collection for Risk Assessment: What to Do After the Fact. Poster Presentation. NorCal Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Conference, May.

Darigo, N. J. Hedgecock, M. Vania, W. Loskutoff, and M. Gray, “A Focused Risk-Based Approach to Closure Investigation of Intertidal Tailings,” Salt Chuck Mine, Tongass National Forest, 2007. Presented by N. Darigon at Alaska Northern Latitudes Mining Reclamation Workshop in Juneau, May

Pei-Fung L. Hurst, Ph.D. Principal Toxicologist

Overview Dr. Hurst has 30 years of experience in the risk assessment arena in both the public and private sectors.

Dr. Hurst has extensive expertise in regulatory agency guidance and policy. She directed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA’s) Superfund Health Risk Technology Support Center while with the USEPA Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office (has been renamed as the National Center for Environmental Assessment). She participated in USEPA-wide work groups for developing USEPA policy and guidance including the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (“NCP”, developed as the blueprint for the implementation of Superfund regulations), Hazard Ranking System (“HRS”, developed for the purpose of identifying and listing Superfund sites), Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (“RAGS”, Parts A, B, and C), and SARA 313 (for prioritizing compounds based on toxicity, persistence in the environment, and the potential for exposure). She was also responsible of performing critical review of TSCA listing/delisting packages and USEPA’s proposed notices for the Code of Federal Regulation prior to their finalization. In addition, she was the technical manager for Toxicological Profiles, a series of documents mandated by the Congress for the Superfund Program and produced by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and USEPA.

Dr. Hurst has a clear understanding of various federal and state environmental regulations relevant to site investigations and remediation. She is experienced in negotiation with agencies and stakeholders with respect to site planning, investigation, and management strategies.

Project Specific Experience

Development of Toxicity Values and Guidance Documents

USEPA. One of her primary responsibilities while with USEPA was to review toxicity information and prepare criteria documents for USEPA program offices (Superfund, Solid Waste, Water, Air, and Pesticides). She was the chemical manager/reviewer for over one hundred criteria documents.

In addition, as the Director of USEPA’s Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center, she developed toxicity values for chemicals lacking pre-established criteria and risk-based clean-up criteria for Superfund, RCRA, and military sites.

USEPA and ATSDR. As the Technical Manager for Toxicological Profiles, Dr. Hurst provided technical directions for the document development. In addition, she was the Chemical Manager for several Toxicological Profiles (PCBs, carbon tetrachloride, and PAHs).

US Navy. Dr. Hurst participated in a working group for the development of a guidance document for conducting risk assessments at Naval facilities.

Areas of Expertise Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Regulatory Support Integrated Risk Management

Strategy Litigation Support

Years of Experience

With URS: 22 Years

URS became a part of the AECOM family of companies in October 2014.

With Other Firms: 10 Years

Education

Ph.D., Virology and Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine (Houston, Texas) 1983

Pei-Fung L. Hurst, PhD 2

CERCLA Remedial Investigation (RI)/Feasibility Study (FS) and RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI)/Corrective Measures Studies (CMS)

Steel Manufacturing Facility, Indiana. Dr. Hurst has been involved with risk-related projects at a primary steel manufacturing facility in northwest Indiana since 2001. She was responsible of completing RFI activities at three areas and interim stabilization measures (ISMs) at four areas, developing a Land Use Designation Report and Groundwater Use Designation Report to guide the strategic planning of all investigative and remedial activities, and providing consulting services including the development of work plans and derivation of site-specific cleanup goals. In a recently completed 3-year perimeter groundwater monitoring program, she was responsible of developing work plans, coordinating field activities, preparing reports, and identifying the need and scope of remediation.

Former Steel Manufacturing Facilities, Illinois. Dr. Hurst prepared baseline risk assessments for two former steel manufacturing facilities to estimate risks potentially posed by chemicals detected at the site and derive remediation objectives for site cleanup. The risk evaluation was used successfully to support remedial decisions for one site that is undergoing redevelopment.

She has also been actively involved with the evaluation of another former steel manufacturing facility in Illinois since 2005. She developed work plans for site characterization and directed the preparation of a remediation objective report (ROR), including a baseline risk assessment using data collected by multiple entities over a 10 year period, and the development and implementation of a remedial action plan (RAP) that includes focused remediation (of PCBs and source materials) and planned institutional and engineered controls. The site has received a No Further Remediation Letter from the Illinois EPA. In addition, she participated in meetings with the local government regarding the development of a groundwater ordinance that will be used as an institutional control measure to address off-site migration of impacted groundwater from the site.

Superfund Site, Wisconsin. Dr. Hurst was the lead risk assessor for a Superfund site by Lake Superior. She was responsible of completing a baseline human health risk assessment, performing a technical review of the ecological risk assessment, and negotiating with stakeholders. Results of the risk assessment were used to develop strategies for the FS.

Chemical Distribution Center, Illinois. Dr. Hurst was the lead risk assessor for RFI activities at a chemical distribution center in Illinois. She was responsible of conducting a site-specific risk assessment, evaluating the migration and attenuation of chemicals in groundwater from the site to the adjacent river, and deriving cleanup strategies for the CMS.

Multiple Landfills, Indiana. Dr. Hurst was responsible of developing strategies for closure of several landfills at RCRA facilities in Indiana. Services provided included statistical evaluation of air and groundwater monitoring data, derivation of background concentrations, and preparation of documents to satisfy requirements for closure plan and post-closure permit application.

Refinery Facility, Southern Illinois. Dr. Hurst conducted human health risk assessments at multiple parcels within a former refinery facility. Results of risk assessments were used to facilitate the


determination of the need for and extent of corrective action prior to site redevelopment.

Refinery Facilities, Northern Illinois. Dr. Hurst recently completed a baseline human health risk assessment and a screening-level ecological risk assessment for a former refinery in Illinois as part of the RI. She coordinated with Illinois EPA to ensure the approach used was consistent with the Agreed Order, regulatory requirements, and planned industrial use of the property.

MGP Facilities, Illinois. Dr. Hurst has been in charge of risk-related evaluations for several former MGP sites in Illinois. She developed Site Characterization Reports, RORs, and RAPs based on results of risk evaluation and proposed future land use conditions.

Former Truck Terminal, Illinois. Dr. Hurst prepared a baseline risk assessment to demonstrate residual PAHs at a former truck stop were not site-related and they were not expected to migrate off-site based on site-specific modeling. The risk assessment was used to support a request for No Further Remediation Letter based on technical impracticality. The request was granted by the Illinois EPA.

Naval Facilities, Texas. Dr. Hurst directed comprehensive human health and ecological risk assessments at one active installation and two inactive weapons stations in Texas. She coordinated with USEPA Region 6, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, and the natural resource trustees in selecting site-wide investigative approaches that were consistent with regulatory requirements and protective of human health and the environment.

One of the former weapons manufacturing facilities, located in central Texas, presents a unique challenge due to the presence of perchlorate in multiple media (e.g., the off-site surface water that was used as the source of drinking water by the local community, the on-site surface water used for cattle feeding, on- and off-site groundwater, and on-site soil). The results of this comprehensive risk assessment were used to reduce the scope of remediation by identifying areas where further remedial activities were warranted.

Multiple Military Facilities. Conducted many risk assessments and responsible of negotiating with multiple stakeholders to establish the scope of remediation and site management at military bases in Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, Florida, Texas, and South Carolina to support closure of these facilities.

Litigation Support

Superfund Site with PCB Contamination, Massachusetts. Dr. Hurst was identified as an expert witness for the USEPA to assist lawyers with the Department of Justice (DOJ) to develop litigation strategies that were used in litigation at a Superfund site where both human health and ecological impacts had been demonstrated to be related to PCBs in surface water and sediments in a nearby harbor.

Manufacturing Facility, Illinois. Dr. Hurst was an expert witness for the trustees representing the operators of a former Superfund site that was undergoing Chapter 7 proceedings. She performed a site-specific risk assessment to demonstrate that elevated concentrations of PCBs in site media (soil, groundwater, surface water, and sediments) did not pose any imminent risk to human health and the environment. The risk assessment was used successfully by the trustees as a negotiation tool


with the DOJ and USEPA Region 5. The operators of the site were able to close the case with limited clean up that was primarily housekeeping in nature.

Manufacturing Facility, Ohio. Dr. Hurst was an expert witness for lawyers representing a manufacturing facility to address off-site air quality concerns. She did a risk assessment with air modeling to show concentrations of chemicals detected in soil at the site were not expected to pose adverse impacts to nearby residents.

Professional Societies/Affiliates

Society of Risk Analysis

Chronology

2001 – present URS Chicago Office, Risk Management Manager

1999 – 2001 EnSafe Inc., Risk Assessment Service Manager

1991 – 1999 Dames & Moore Cincinnati Office, Principal

1989 - 1991 USEPA, Director of Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center

1987 - 1991 USEPA, Risk Assessor

1986 - 1987 Gamble Research Institute, Research Fellow

1981 - 1984 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Supervisor

Contact Information

100 South Wacker Dr, Suite 500, Chicago, Illinois 60606-4014 (312)-939-1000 General (312)-697-7239 Direct [email protected]

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Daniel S. (Dan) Jones Principal Ecologist Professional History

2015 - Present, AECOM Principal Scientist 2004 - 2015, ARCADIS Principal Scientist, and Leader of Integrated Environmental Science & Technologies 11/1991 - 12/2003, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Senior Scientist

Education

MS, Environmental Science, University of Massachusetts – Amherst, 1991 BS, Environmental Science, University of Massachusetts – Amherst, 1988

Registrations

Certified Senior Ecologist

Years of Experience

With AECOM: 4 With Other Firms: 24

Professional Affiliations

Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Dan is a published technical expert in ecological risk assessment (ERA). He has experience with sediment, surface water, soil, metals (especially arsenic, manganese, mercury, selenium), and physical stressors (e.g., sediment loading). Dan co-authored a text book on ecological risk assessment of contaminated sites, numerous peer-reviewed publications, and a variety of technical reports; several of these are recognized standards in the field of ecological risk assessment. He has broad experience with site characterization, technical writing, and agency negotiations. Experience US Tennessee Valley Authority, Kingston Ash Recovery Project, Kingston, Tennessee. As senior client adviser provided technical support on strategic planning, chemical and biological sampling, ecotoxicological testing, scientific communications, and regulatory negotiations. As project manager and technical director of the Baseline ERA, directed a large interdisciplinary team, integrated team findings to characterize site-wide risks, and ensured overall technical quality and client satisfaction. The BERA was a comprehensive analysis of extensive biological and chemical data for 26 miles of a complex river-reservoir system. It was completed within budget on an aggressive schedule, and approved with minimal comments. The risk drivers were arsenic, selenium, and physical presence of coal ash. The BERA helped justify no further active remediation for this high-profile dike failure, which in 2008 was the largest environmental release to-date. [Prior to AECOM] Confidential Power Company, Former MGP Environmental Site Investigation. Led ecological risk assessment of manufactured gas plant-related arsenic and cyanide in soil and sediment. Estimated arsenic bioavailability in the presence of iron oxides using sequential extraction procedure for metals analysis. Derived scientifically advanced risk-based cleanup levels for plants and soil and benthic invertebrates. Used relative bioavailability to refine corrective actions, thereby minimizing habitat loss, project risks, and remediation costs. Berkshire Hathaway Energy Holdings Co, PacifiCorp - Price River Coal Ash Discharge, Helper, Utah. Provided technical oversight for ecological assessments following the uncontrolled release of coal combustion residuals (CCR; fly ash) to the Price River in Utah. Applied experience from larger coal ash release to help guide work plan development, and results interpretation for metals concentrations and benthic invertebrate community structure. E.I. duPont deNemours and Company, Todtz Farm Remediation Operations, Camanche, Iowa. Supported compliance with state and federal ecological risk assessment guidance for the evaluation and closure of basins containing arsenic in sediment, with off-site migration in groundwater. Successfully addressed agency concerns,

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leading to reduced remediation costs. US Department of Energy, Sediment Risk Assessment - Major River System, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Performed baseline ecological risk assessment for benthic invertebrate communities inhabiting 20 miles of river system. Potential risk drivers included mercury, arsenic, and other metals and organics. Used multiple lines of evidence and multivariable regression analyses to demonstrate that changes in benthic invertebrate communities were due to habitat characteristics and upstream sources, rather than site-related constituents. Results demonstrated that sediment removal or capping was not warranted. [Prior to AECOM] Confidential Client, Manganese Processing Facility Five-Year Review, Covington, Tennessee. Led groundwater and ecological monitoring for disposal basins and groundwater plumes at a closed processing facility. Risk drivers included arsenic and manganese. Derived new, site-specific manganese benchmarks for sediment pore water and surface water. [Prior to AECOM] Confidential Client, Manganese Processing Facility Five-Year Review, New Johnsonville, Tennessee. Led annual monitoring for disposal basins at an active processing facility. Risk drivers included arsenic and manganese via off-site residential groundwater consumption and discharge to natural springs. [Prior to AECOM] US Tennessee Valley Authority, Coal Ash Impoundment Assessments, Gallatin, Tennessee. Led ecological risk assessments for two unlined coal ash impoundments leaching metals to groundwater. Ecological risk drivers were metals (e.g., arsenic and selenium) potentially discharging to adjacent streams and wetlands. Worked closely with groundwater modeling team to ensure cost-effective and timely assessment of current and future risks. [Prior to AECOM] US Department of Energy, Coal Ash Disposal Basin Assessment, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Performed comprehensive baseline ecological risk assessment for benthic invertebrate communities downstream of a legacy coal ash pond. Primary contaminants were ash, metals (e.g., arsenic and selenium) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Assessment supported final decision of dam stabilization and monitored natural recovery. [Prior to AECOM] CSX Transportation, Inc., Anacostia River Bridge Failure, District of Columbia. Provided ecological risk assessment support for emergency response and environmental restoration. Performed sediment ecological risk assessment to determine need for additional removal actions at high-profile site near Washington D.C. Represented client in discussions with regulatory agencies and natural resource trustees. [Prior to AECOM] CSX Transportation, Inc., Derailment, Painesville, Ohio. Performed ecological reconnaissance of impacted waterways to document natural resource injuries and prevent additional losses during the clean-up phase. Provided oversight of response actions.

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Teamed with human health risk assessors to ensure protection of environmental, public, and client resources. [Prior to AECOM] CSX Transportation, Inc., Tank Car Derailments, Brooks, Kentucky. Provided on-site ecological risk assessment support during the immediate environmental containment and removal effort for high-profile derailment of hazardous materials tank cars. Directed the development of preliminary ecological screening and cleanup values for uncommon constituents of interest. Performed ecological reconnaissance of impacted waterways to document natural resource injuries. Worked with human health risk assessors and natural resource damages staff to ensure comprehensive protection of environmental, public, and client resources. [Prior to AECOM] Marathon Petroleum Company, Pipeline Release, Mount Erie, Illinois. Provided on-site risk assessment support for the emergency response team. Performed ecological reconnaissance to document natural resource injuries and minimize additional losses during clean-up. Directed the development of preliminary ecological screening and cleanup values. Worked with human health risk assessors and natural resource damages staff to ensure comprehensive protection of environmental, public, and client resources. [Prior to AECOM] BOOK

Suter, G.W., II, R.A. Efroymson, B.E. Sample, and D.S. Jones. 2000. Ecological Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida.

SELECTED PAPERS and TECHNICAL REPORTS

Walls, S.J., Jones, D. S., Stojak, A.R., & Carriker, N.E. (2015). Ecological risk assessment for residual coal fly ash at Watts Bar Reservoir, Tennessee: Site setting and problem formulation. Integrated environmental assessment and management, 11(1), 32-42.

Stojak, A.R., Bonnevie, N. L., & Jones, D.S. (2015). Evaluation of metals, metalloids, and ash mixture toxicity using sediment toxicity testing. Integrated environmental assessment and management, 11(1), 21-31.

Carriker, N.E., Jones, D.S., Walls, S.J., & Stojak, A.R. (2015). Application of Ecological Risk Assessment in Managing Residual Fly Ash in TVA’s Watts Bar Reservoir, Tennessee. Integrated environmental assessment and management, 11(1), 80-87.

Jones, D.S. 2003. The use of Background in Risk Assessments: Introductory Comments. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 9(7):1595-1598. Guest Editor of Debate and Commentary section on the use of background data in risk assessments.

Jones, D.S., B.E. Sample, and G.W. Suter II. (for Bechtel Jacobs Company LLC). 1998. Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factors for Invertebrates: Review and Recommendations for the Oak Ridge Reservation. BJC/OR-112. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

Jones, D.S., G.W. Suter II, and R.N. Hull. 1997. Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening Contaminants of Potential Concern for Effects on Sediment-Associated Biota: 1997 Revision. ES/ER/TM-

4

95/R4. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

Julie A.F. Kabel Senior Human Health Risk Assessor

Julie Kabel is a Senior Human Health Risk Assessor in AECOM’s Manchester, New Hampshire office with nineteen years of experience in human health risk assessment, vapor intrusion assessment, exposure modeling, and data management. Ms. Kabel has performed and led teams to perform numerous multi-pathway and multi-media human health risk assessments and site-specific vapor intrusion assessments under both state and federal guidelines for private and public clients and for sites throughout the country as well as internationally. She also serves as one of AECOM’s human health risk assessment and vapor intrusion practice leaders. Ms. Kabel’s experience includes assessment of human health risk associated with emerging contaminants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

Project Experience

Superfund/CERCLA Risk Assessment

New England / USEPA Region I

BJAT LLC Superfund Site, Franklin, Massachusetts. 2018-2019. Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) lead; performed a multi-pathway HHRA in accordance with USEPA Region 1 and CERCLA risk assessment guidance. The HHRA evaluated current and potential future exposure scenarios associated with soil, groundwater, surface water, sediment in fish tissue collected on site and in background/reference locations. Receptors included trespassers, recreational users, commercial/industrial and construction workers, and residents. Target chemicals included semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), inorganics (including lead), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Also provided guidance on collection of fish tissue samples for evaluation in the HHRA and development of Project Action Levels (PALs) as part of the Remedial Investigation Sampling and Analysis Plan development.

NAVFAC, Mid-Atlantic, Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area, Master Station Atlantic Detachment (NCTAMS LANT Det), Site 4 – Very Low Frequency (VLF) Peninsula, Human Health Risk Assessment, Cutler, Maine. 2015-2017. Served as the Resolution Consultants (a joint venture between AECOM and EnSafe) human health risk assessment (HHRA) leader for the northeast. Managed risk assessment team to prepare CERCLA compliant, site-specific, multi-pathway HHRA, as part of the Remedial Investigation (RI), in accordance with Navy, USEPA, and Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MEDEP) HHRA guidance. The HHRA evaluated current and potential future exposure scenarios associated with hypothetical residential, industrial, and recreational use of the site based on potential exposure to soil, sediment, and mussel/clam tissue. Evaluated potential risk associated with soil exposures for over 60 soil decision units (DUs). Constituents include metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The Final RI and HHRA Reports have been accepted by MEDEP.

NAVFAC, Mid-Atlantic, Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area, Master Station Atlantic Detachment (NCTAMS LANT Det), Site 7 – South Helix House, Human Health Risk Assessment, Cutler, Maine. 2013-2016. Prepared work plan and performed and managed risk assessment team to complete a tiered, screening-level human health risk assessment (HHRA) and development of risk-based Preliminary Remediation Goals (PRGs) for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil, resulting from a historical transformer release. The HHRA was conducted in accordance with Navy, USEPA, and Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MEDEP) human health risk assessment guidance as part of the Remedial Investigation. Had regular communication with client and MEDEP, including

Education

MPH, Master of Public Health, Concentration Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 2000

BS, Chemistry, Siena College, 1999

Years of Experience

With AECOM: 19

With Other Firms: 1


Certificate in Environmental Studies

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Workshops

Vapor Intrusion Workshops

presentations of the technical approach at MEDEP’s Portland office. The Final RI and HHRA Reports have been accepted by MEDEP.

NAVFAC, Mid-Atlantic, Former Carr Point Shooting Range (MRP Site 1, OU9), Naval Station (NAVSTA) Newport, Human Health Risk Assessment, Newport, Rhode Island. 2012-2015. Served as the Resolution Consultants (a joint venture between AECOM and EnSafe) human health risk assessment (HHRA) leader for the northeast. Prepared site-specific, multi-pathway HHRA work plan as part of the Remedial Investigation (RI) Work Plan/Sampling and Analysis Plan. Worked with the Navy to develop CERCLA-compliant risk assessment approach consistent with the Navy’s policies for conducting risk assessments, USEPA and Rhode Island risk assessment guidance, and regulatory agreements specific to the site. Also provided guidance to the project team on sampling, analysis and evaluation methods based on previously conducted site investigation and screening-level risk assessment. The HHRA includes evaluation of industrial, residential, trespasser, and recreational exposure to soil, groundwater, sediment, and shellfish tissue. Contaminants include metals, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and lead shot.

NAVFAC, Mid-Atlantic, Former Carr Point Storage Area (IR Site 22, OU10), Naval Station (NAVSTA) Newport, Human Health Risk Assessment, Newport, Rhode Island. 2012-2015 Served as the Resolution Consultants (a joint venture between AECOM and EnSafe) human health risk assessment (HHRA) leader for the northeast. Prepared site-specific, multi-pathway HHRA work plan as part of the Remedial Investigation (RI) Work Plan/Sampling and Analysis Plan. Worked with the Navy to develop CERCLA-compliant risk assessment approaches consistent with the Navy’s policies for conducting risk assessments, USEPA and Rhode Island risk assessment guidance, and regulatory agreements specific to the site. Also provided guidance to the project team on sampling, analysis and evaluation methods based on previously conducted site investigation and screening-level risk assessment. The HHRA includes evaluation of industrial, residential and trespasser exposure to soil, groundwater, sediment, and shellfish tissue. Contaminants include metals, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England District, Human Health Risk Assessment, Former Blue Beach Disposal Area, North Kingstown, Rhode Island. 2011-2019. Prepared a work plan and site-specific, multi-pathway human health risk assessment (HHRA) report to support the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) for the site. The HHRA includes evaluation of current/future on-site industrial use, hypothetical future on-site residential use, current off-site residential use, and off-site recreational user exposure scenarios associated with potential exposures to on-site/off-site soil, hydric soil, groundwater, sediment, surface water, and soil vapor analytical data. Provided support to the RI/FS team for making decisions on further analytical data collection for use in the HHRA. Served as project manager and technical lead for the project, interacting with both client and agency.

U.S. Amy Corps of Engineers, New England District, Human Health Risk Assessment, Former Kiefer Park Tank Farm, North Kingstown, Rhode Island. 2011-2013. Performed a validation of existing human health risk assessments (HHRAs) conducted based on historical data to assess whether the conclusions of the HHRAs remain valid with respect to whether the data evaluated in the risk assessments are representative of current conditions, whether the assumed current and likely potential future use of the site are still applicable, and whether the risk assessment methods used were consistent with current risk assessment practice. Validation included review of previous investigation and remediation activities, including existing baseline HHRAs, summarization and selection of available data which represent most current conditions at the site, comparison of analytical data to current USEPA screening levels and Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (RIDEM) Method 1 remedial objectives, discussion and update of

human receptors and potentially complete exposure scenarios, calculation of exposure point concentrations, and update to toxicity factors used in historical HHRAs. Prepared a report which discussed validation findings and made a determination on whether the conclusions and recommendations presented in the historical HHRAs remained valid based on current conditions and USEPA/RIDEM HHRA guidance.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England District, Human Health Risk Assessment, Former Lyndonville Air Force Base, Lyndonville, Vermont. 2009-2012. Conducted human health risk assessment for a multi-pathway human health risk assessment conducted under Superfund and Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (VTDEC) regulations as part of the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS). HHRA evaluated soil, groundwater, sediment, and surface water data and the potential health risk to current/future on-site and off-site receptors. Modeling of vapors in indoor air (via vapor intrusion) and shower air were conducted based on groundwater data using the USEPA version of the Johnson and Ettinger model and the shower model developed by Andelman as modified by Schaum, respectively. The risk assessment has been approved by VTDEC.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England District, Human Health Risk Assessment, Former St. Albans Air Force Base, St. Albans, Vermont. 2010-present. 2009 to 2015. Conducted human health risk assessment for a multi-pathway human health risk assessment (HHRA) conducted under Superfund and Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (VTDEC) regulations as part of the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS). HHRA evaluated soil and sediment data and the potential health risk to current/future on-site and off-site receptors. The risk assessment has been approved by VTDEC.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England District, Human Health Risk Assessment, Former Glenburn GAT Facility, Glenburn, Maine. 2008-2011. Provided senior review for a multi-pathway human health risk assessment (HHRA) conducted under Superfund and Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MEDEP) regulations as part of the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS). HHRA evaluated soil, groundwater, and porewater data and the potential health risk to current/future on-site and off-site receptors. Modeling of vapors in indoor air (via vapor intrusion) and shower air were conducted based on groundwater data using the USEPA version of the Johnson and Ettinger model and the Foster and Chrostowski shower model, respectively. The risk assessment has been approved by MEDEP.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Combustion Engineering Site, Human Health Risk Assessment, Windsor, Connecticut. Conducted a multi-pathway chemical and radiological human health risk assessment as part of the Remedial Investigation. Managed completion of Human Health chemical risk calculations and reporting.

Other Regions

Sauget Area 2 Sites Group, Superfund Risk Assessment, Sauget, Illinois. Performed a multi-pathway human health risk assessment conducted under Superfund regulations as part of a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS). The documents were prepared under an Administrative Order on Consent (AOC) with USEPA. The HHRA included evaluation of several exposure areas with target compounds including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), pesticides/ herbicides, and metals in soil, groundwater, sediment, surface water, and fish. Performed groundwater to indoor air modeling using the USEPA Johnson and Ettinger model and groundwater to outdoor air modeling using the RBCA Toolkit

software. USEPA formally approved the risk assessment in 2009.

Landia Chemical, Baseline Risk Assessment, Lakeland, Florida. Conducted a baseline risk assessment (BRA) as part of the RI/FS for Landia Chemical Superfund site in accordance with USEPA Region 4 and Florida DEP. Managed and performed the preparation of RAGS Part D spreadsheets and risk calculations and development of PRGs for various inorganics and pesticides in soil and groundwater.

RCRA Risk Assessment

General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products (GDATP), Human Health Risk Assessment, Burlington, Vermont. 2002 to 2003. Conducted a human health risk assessment as part of the Integrated RFI/FA/CMS Report for the General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products facility in accordance with the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC). Acted as the assistant project manager and managed the preparation of risk calculations and HHRA report.

U.S. Steel, Fairless Works, Human Health Risk Assessment, Pennsylvania. Assisted in preparing the human health risk evaluation under RCRA Corrective Action for a parcel of property to be leased by U.S. Steel at Fairless Works. The work was conducted to satisfy Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) requirements under the Pennsylvania Act 2 program, as well as USEPA Region 3 requirements. Activities included performing Tier 1A risk-based screening evaluation of soil and groundwater against Pennsylvania standards.

U.S. Steel, Gary Works, Perimeter Groundwater Report, Gary, Indiana. Developed Microsoft Access database to perform Tier 1A and Tier 1B risk-based screening of groundwater for ecological and human health risk assessment. Modeled indoor air concentrations from groundwater using USEPA Johnson and Ettinger model. Assisted in preparing the risk assessment section of Perimeter Groundwater Monitoring Report.

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)-Specific

NAVFAC, Washington, Former Fire/Burn Testing Area. Human Health Risk Assessment, Maryland. 2018-present. Performed a site-specific, multi-pathway human health risk assessment (HHRA) as part of the Remedial Investigation, in accordance with the Navy’s policies for conducting risk assessments, and USEPA risk assessment guidance. Provided guidance to the project team on sampling, analysis and evaluation methods. The HHRA performed a quantitative evaluation of potential risk to current/future human receptors associated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), specifically PFOS, PFOA, and PFBS, in on-site soil and groundwater, off-site residential drinking water wells, and on and off-site sediment and surface water in a creek and bay area of a river. The HHRA evaluated potential exposure to site soil and groundwater by current/future recreational users and commercial/industrial workers, future construction/ excavation/utility workers, and hypothetical future residents, representative of an unlimited use/unrestricted exposure scenario; and to off-site sediment and surface water within the creek and bay by nearby residents under a recreational use scenario.

United States (U.S.) Corps of Engineers (USACE), Europe District. U.S. Army Garrison (USAG) Wiesbaden, Germany. Human Health Risk Assessment. 2019. Risk Assessment technical lead; provided review of historical site documents with analytical PFAS soil and groundwater data at the site, including performing an evaluation of the distribution of PFAS concentrations in soil and groundwater, selection of an appropriate dataset for use in conducting a human health risk assessment (HHRA), and discussion of the limitations associated with the analytical dataset. Developed a conceptual site model (CSM) associated with PFAS in soil and groundwater at the site and performed a site-specific HHRA for PFAS in soil and

groundwater in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) risk assessment guidance and local (Germany) regulatory guidance. Exposure scenarios evaluated included current/future recreational users, trespassing adolescents, outdoor (commercial/industrial) workers, construction/utility workers, future elementary grade school workers and students, and hypothetical future on-site residents. The HHRA was conducted using a tiered approach and included derivation of site-specific soil and groundwater screening levels for evaluation of PFOS, PFOA, PFBS, and total PFAS, and assessment of cumulative risk. The HHRA was completed on an expedited schedule and the conclusions were used to inform remedial decisions to allow for site redevelopment.

Confidential Client. 2018. Provided a summary of published U.S. and international agency-specific risk-based target levels of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in fish tissue that are protective of the human consumption exposure pathway and the basis for their development. Values were presented for consideration in the development of generic surface water and/or groundwater screening levels for use in prioritizing sites for site-specific assessment.

Confidential Client. 2017. Conducted a literature review of available studies on levels of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), which includes perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) in dust, the potential toxicity via inhalation exposure, and published inhalation reference concentrations (RfCs) to provide further understanding of the potential contribution from inhalation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in particulates/fugitive dust to total exposure and potential health risk. Data gaps and uncertainties and how they may affect risk assessment and risk management decisions were also evaluated.

NAVFAC, Mid-Atlantic, Former Airfield. Human Health Risk Assessment, Massachusetts. 2015-present. Served as the Resolution Consultants (a joint venture between AECOM and EnSafe) human health risk assessment (HHRA) leader for the northeast, responsible for coordinating/managing teams to complete HHRA-related work for multiple sites located at Naval Air Station in Massachusetts. Work includes preparation of a site-specific, multi-pathway HHRA as part of the Remedial Investigation, in accordance with the Navy’s policies for conducting risk assessments, and USEPA and Massachusetts risk assessment guidance; providing guidance to the project team on sampling, analysis and evaluation methods; development of target risk-based screening levels, Preliminary Remediation Goals, and revised Remedial Goals as part of Explanation of Significant Differences (ESD) to the Record of Decision (ROD); and writing HHRA section of the proposed plan. HHRA work includes evaluation of industrial, residential, trespasser, and recreational exposure to soil and groundwater (potable and non-potable use exposure scenarios). Target chemicals evaluated include, but are not limited to, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constituents.

NAVFAC, Mid-Atlantic, Former Stormwater Retention System, Human Health Risk Assessment, Maine. 2012-2019. Served as the Resolution Consultants (a joint venture between AECOM and EnSafe) human health risk assessment (HHRA) leader for the northeast. Prepared site-specific, multi-pathway HHRA work plan as part of the Field Investigation/Data Evaluation Work Plan/Sampling and Analysis Plan. Worked with the Navy to develop CERCLA-compliant risk assessment approaches consistent with the Navy’s policies for conducting risk assessments and USEPA and Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MEDEP) risk assessment guidance. Also provided guidance to the project team on sampling, analysis and evaluation methods based on previously conducted site investigation. The HHRA includes evaluation of industrial, residential, trespasser, and recreational exposure to sediment and surface water in the stormwater retention system, consisting of a network of ponds and streams. Constituents include metals, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).

NAVFAC, Mid-Atlantic, Naval Station (NAVSTA) Newport, Rhode Island. 2016-present. Provide technical review of and input to Sampling and Analysis Plans (SAPs) involving the collection of soil, groundwater, sediment, and/or surface water data for PFAS analysis. Development of generic and site-specific risk-based human health screening levels for PFOS, PFOA, and PFBS in soil, groundwater, sediment, and surface water using exposure assumptions representative of site-specific human exposure scenarios and/or state-specific default exposure assumptions, as applicable, for use in Site Investigations, Remedial Investigations, and Human Health Risk Assessments. Site-specific screening levels were used to refine the media and exposure scenarios for which further risk assessment was performed. Performed site-specific multi-pathway human health risk assessment (HHRA) in accordance with USEPA/CERCLA risk assessment guidance. The HHRAs evaluated current and potential future exposure scenarios associated with soil, groundwater, and shoreline sediment. Receptors included trespassers, recreational users, commercial/industrial and construction workers, and hypothetical future residents. Target chemicals included per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil, groundwater, and sediment, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and inorganics in sediment.

NAVFAC, Mid-Atlantic, Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area, Master Station Atlantic Detachment (NCTAMS LANT Det), Salvage Yard Area, Human Health Risk Assessment, Cutler, Maine. 2015- 2018. Served as the Resolution Consultants (a joint venture between AECOM and EnSafe) human health risk assessment (HHRA) leader for the northeast. Managed risk assessment team to prepare CERCLA compliant, site-specific, multi-pathway HHRA, as part of the Remedial Investigation (RI), in accordance with Navy, USEPA, and Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MEDEP) HHRA guidance. The HHRA evaluated current and potential future exposure scenarios associated with hypothetical residential, industrial, and recreational use of the site based on potential exposure to soil, groundwater, sediment, and surface water. Constituents include metals, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Also provided review and input to the RI and Feasibility Study for the project, including the development of soil and groundwater risk-based Preliminary Remediation Goals (PRGs).

NAVFAC, Mid-Atlantic, Human Health Risk Assessment, Pennsylvania. 2015-present. Served as the Resolution Consultants (a joint venture between AECOM and EnSafe) human health risk assessment (HHRA) leader for the northeast. Managed HHRA team to prepare a preliminary human health screening evaluation to assess the extent of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in multiple site media, including soil, groundwater, sediment, and surface water. Activities have included development of a sampling plan and providing recommendations on additional sampling to evaluate the potential for risks to current/future human receptors.

Risk Assessment Under Other Programs

Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP)

Acushnet Company Ball Plant I, Massachusetts, Method 3 Human Health Risk Characterization, Acushnet, Massachusetts. 2015-2016. Provided technical review of a Method 3 Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) conducted to support a RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) Addendum Report, Interim Remedial Action (IRA) Completion Report, and Phase II Comprehensive Site Assessment (CSA)/Revised Class A-3 Response Action Outcome (RAO). The HHRA was

conducted in accordance with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP) Risk Assessment Guidance. The HHRA included evaluation of soil, groundwater, sub-slab soil vapor, indoor air, and outdoor air data and assessed potentially complete exposure pathways to current and foreseeable future human receptors including construction workers, maintenance workers, trespassers, and hypothetical park visitors.

Lockheed Martin Corporation, Method 3 Human Health Risk Characterization, Wilmington, Massachusetts. 2015-2018. Provided technical oversight for team conducting a Method 3 Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) conducted as part of the Phase II Comprehensive Site Assessment (CSA) Report. The HHRA was conducted in accordance with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP) Risk Assessment Guidance. The HHRA included evaluation of soil, groundwater, sediment, surface water, indoor air, and sub-slab vapor data and assessed potentially complete exposure pathways to current and foreseeable future human receptors including outdoor and indoor commercial/industrial workers, construction/utility workers, trespassers/nearby residents, and hypothetical future on-site residents.

Connecticut

Greenwich High School, Human Health Risk Assessment, Greenwich, Connecticut. 2012-2013. Performed and managed risk assessment team to complete a site-specific, multi-pathway Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) in support of a Remedial Investigation in accordance with USEPA Region 1 Guidance. The potential impacts to site environmental media were assessed to determine the nature and extent of impacts potentially related to placing fill material containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) into a wetland area, on which portions of a parking area and athletic fields were constructed. Site-specific receptors consisted of students/athletes, teachers/athletic coaches, maintenance workers, construction workers, etc. Preliminary remediation goals were developed for compounds of concern identified by the HHRA for use in remedial activities. Presented the HHRA methods and results at a public meeting held for the town of Greenwich.

California

Boeing, Inactive Rancho Cordova Test Site, Human Health Risk Assessment, Rancho Cordova, California. Conducted multi-pathway baseline human health risk assessments (HHRAs) for several study areas at the Inactive Rancho Cordova Test Site (IRTCS) as part of the Remedial Investigation (RI) in accordance with USEPA, California DTSC, and the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB). The target constituents evaluated in the HHRA included volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and perchlorate in soil and VOCs in soil vapor. Managed preparation of risk calculations, preparation of report text and response to client and agency comments and modeled groundwater and soil vapor to indoor air volatilization pathways using the DTSC/HERD Johnson and Ettinger Model.

Stauffer Management Company, Baseline Risk Assessment, Carson, California. Conducted human health risk evaluation, including preparation of risk calculations and vapor intrusion modeling in accordance with the USEPA and California DTSC.

Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) and Oxnard Union High School District (OUHSD), California. Conducted Preliminary Environmental Assessments (PEA) in compliance with the requirements of the California Environmental Protection Agency – Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) for several schools within the LAUSD and OUHSD. For each project, a screening-level evaluation was conducted to provide an estimate of the potential human health and

ecological risk from exposure to soil, groundwater, and/or soil vapor at the subject site.

Other

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Baltimore District, Tidewater-AECOM JV, Camp Hero FUDS, Montauk, NY. 2018. Provided technical quality review for a multi-pathway, site-specific HHRA for the Former Camp Hero site, which is currently a public state park. The HHRA includes evaluation of potential exposures to soil, groundwater, sediment, and surface water by current and future workers, recreational visitors, and trespassers. The HHRA also includes evaluation of hypothetical future resident scenario as a conservative measure of a potential future site use.

Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Site-Wide Human Health Risk Assessment, Savannah, Georgia. 2013-2015. Performed a site-wide, multi-pathway human health risk assessment as part of a RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) consistent with recommended risk assessment methodology from the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division and USEPA Region 4 risk assessment guidance. The risk assessment evaluated on-site and off-site industrial and hypothetical potential future residential exposure scenarios. Remedial Goal Options were developed for compounds of concern identified by the risk assessment for use in making remedial decisions at the site.

Confidential Client, Human Health Risk Evaluation, Indianapolis, Indiana. 2013-2014. Performed and managed risk assessment team to complete a site-specific Human Health Risk Evaluation (HHRE) of exposure to sediment and surface water within a creek adjacent to a former Coke Manufacturing Complex, in accordance with USEPA and Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) risk assessment guidance. Potential exposures evaluated included potential future workers and recreational users. HHRE involved performance of a statistical background evaluation to compare on-site and downstream concentrations to identify naturally occurring and anthropogenic background vs. site-specific contributions. Target constituents included primarily polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Matthews International, Baseline Risk Assessment, Anniston, Alabama. Performed Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment in accordance with USEPA Region 4 and Alabama Department of Environmental Management. Managed and performed preparation of risk calculations and target cleanup goals for soil and groundwater. Performed groundwater to indoor air modeling using the USEPA Johnson and Ettinger model.

NiSource Former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) Sites, Human Health Risk Assessment, Huntington, West Virginia; Cleveland, Ohio; and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Developed risk-based screening levels for elemental mercury for three possible receptors and source cities: a residential child, commercial visitor and commercial/industrial worker for Huntington, WV, Cleveland, OH and Harrisburg, PA. Screening levels were based on the inhalation exposure route and were developed for use at NiSource sites where elemental mercury is detected in soil and therefore may volatilize to outdoor air.

Confidential Client, Qualitative Human Exposure Assessment, Far Rockaway, New York. Performed Qualitative Human Exposure Assessment (QHEA) in accordance with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Site Investigation and Remediation Guidance as part of the Remedial Investigation. The QHEA assessed the potential for exposure to chemicals present in impacted soils, groundwater, soil vapor, and indoor air on site. The assessment identified the potential release and transport mechanisms for the compounds of concern, point of

exposure and exposure routes, and the receptors that could be exposed to compounds originating from the Site.

Cumberland Farms, Inc., Human Health Risk Assessment, Saco, Maine. Conducted a site-specific human health risk assessment as part of the Phase II Site Investigation and Remediation Work Scope in accordance with Maine DEP. Managed and performed the preparation of risk calculations and target cleanup levels. Prepared HHRA report.

Shell, Latin America. Provided senior review for Tier 1 and Tier 2 human health risk assessments conducted using the Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) Toolkit software for multiple sites in Central and South America. Assessments included evaluation of the vapor intrusion pathway, which were typically performed in accordance with U.S. EPA vapor intrusion guidance, and the derivation of site-specific target levels for soil and groundwater.

International

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Europe District, Conceptual Site Model and Human Health Risk Assessment for Clay Kaserne North and South Areas, United States Army Garrison (USAG) Wiesbaden, Germany. 2019. Developed a conceptual site model and risk assessment work plan, and performed a human health risk assessment (HHRA) for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil and groundwater associated with former fire-fighting training activities for two areas proposed for redevelopment. The HHRA included development of and assessment of analytical data in comparison to soil and groundwater screening levels for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and Total PFAS protective of site-specific exposure scenarios, including adolescent trespassers, recreational users (adults and children), outdoor commercial/industrial workers, construction/utility workers, and hypothetical future residents. Cumulative potential cancer risk and noncancer hazard indices were also assessed in accordance with USEPA target levels. Project tasks included research and review of Germany and local regulatory/guidance documents related to PFAS for incorporation into the HHRA as applicable. The HHRA conclusions were utilized to make recommendations on remedial alternatives (including institutional controls regarding use of groundwater for potable use) and to inform a conceptual soil management plan for PFAS at the site.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Europe District, Post-RAC Risk Assessments of POLs 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, and 10-4, Chièvres Air Base, USAG Benelux, Belgium. 2018-2019. Provided screening-level human health risk assessment (HHRA) in accordance with USEPA guidance for a former fuel storage area and other areas of the base. Supported the local AECOM team that managed the Task Order and led the risk assessments in accordance with Host Nation regulations. The HHRA evaluated potential exposure to petroleum constituents in soil, groundwater, and soil vapor under current and/or future residential, commercial/industrial, and construction worker exposure scenarios. Exposure pathways included direct contact as well as inhalation via the potential vapor intrusion pathway. Provided recommendations for future data collection and site-specific evaluation.

Vapor Intrusion

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) New England District, HTRW ID IQ, U.S. Army Materials Technology Laboratory, Watertown, MA. 2018–present. Served as the risk assessment leader and vapor intrusion technical co-leader for the project. In conjunction with the AECOM project team, developed the investigation and risk evaluation approach for a Vapor Intrusion Investigation Work Plan in accordance with USEPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) Vapor Intrusion Guidance, and with input and review from USACE, USEPA Region I, and

Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Agency (MassDEP). The vapor intrusion investigation included the collection and evaluation of sub-slab vapor, exterior soil vapor, indoor air and outdoor air, using a tiered/multi-phased sampling and evaluation approach, to perform site-specific vapor intrusion assessment and evaluation of the potential health risk associated with occupants of 13 on-site buildings. Building occupants/exposure scenarios include commercial workers, child care center workers, and children in a child care facility. Target chemicals included chlorinated VOCs and petroleum hydrocarbons.

NAVFAC, Southeast, Laurel Bay Military Housing Area at Marine Corps Air Station, Beaufort, South Carolina. 2013-present. Provided review and support for vapor intrusion evaluation of a military residential housing area. Target constituents included petroleum hydrocarbons related to historical fuel-oil that leaked from abandoned and removed underground storage tanks (USTs). Support included performance of a preliminary vapor intrusion evaluation using groundwater data, which in accordance with USEPA vapor intrusion guidance (2002), consisted of a tiered approach involving comparison to general and site-specific groundwater screening levels protective of the vapor intrusion pathway. The USEPA version of the Johnson and Ettinger model was used to develop site-specific groundwater screening levels. The results of the evaluation identified a subset of residences for further site-specific investigation and evaluation of the potential vapor intrusion pathway in accordance with the USEPA (2015) vapor intrusion guidance. Site-specific evaluation included the collection and evaluation of soil vapor, and paired sub-slab vapor, indoor air, and outdoor air samples. Analytical results were evaluated using USEPA’s vapor intrusion screening level (VISL) calculator to assess the potential health risk associated with detected concentrations, through comparison to typical background concentrations of petroleum VOCs in indoor air, and by calculation of attenuation factors to make a conclusion as to whether evidence of a potentially complete vapor intrusion pathway was present.

Former Laboratories Facility, Vapor Intrusion Evaluation, Spartanburg, South Carolina. 2015-2016. Provided technical guidance for conducting a vapor intrusion investigation at an active industrial facility and performed a site-specific vapor intrusion evaluation. The vapor intrusion investigation included collection of 2 rounds of paired/co-located indoor air and sub-slab vapor samples throughout the building and outdoor air samples adjacent to the exterior of the building, pre-sampling building survey (with photoionization detector [PID] measurements) to inventory and document potential indoor sources of target constituents and potential vapor migration entry points from the subsurface, and targeted interim mitigation performed between the first and second sampling events to repair floor drains and other holes and cracks in the slab with the potential to be vapor entry points. The vapor intrusion evaluation consisted of: a comparison of analytical indoor air and sub-slab vapor results to risk-based screening levels calculated using the USEPA Vapor Intrusion Screening Level (VISL) Calculator based on exposure assumptions representative of a current/site-specific indoor worker exposure scenario to select constituents of potential concern (COPCs) for further evaluation; estimation of potential risk/hazard associated with COPCs for a site-specific indoor worker exposure scenario; and comparison of indoor air results with the sub-slab vapor and outdoor air results to evaluate the observed attenuation between the subsurface and indoors and to assess whether the data are indicative of a complete vapor intrusion pathway or potential indoor/outdoor sources.

Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), Halawa-Main Gate Geographic Study Area, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickham, Oahu, Hawaii. 2013-2014. Provided review of a site-specific vapor intrusion evaluation of six buildings within a USEPA Superfund Site, consistent with USEPA Vapor Intrusion Guidance. Evaluated indoor air, outdoor air, and sub-slab vapor data, consisting of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to determine whether there was a potential complete vapor intrusion pathway and whether the pathway may pose health concerns to building occupants. Evaluation included comparison of analytical results to generic risk-based screening levels, consideration of interior building surveys and chemical inventories to identify potential indoor air sources of VOCs, and evaluation of observed attenuation in VOC concentrations detected in sub-slab vapor and indoor

air.

Confidential Client, Former Petroleum Refinery, Long Beach, California. 2011-2015. Performed an evaluation of petroleum constituent concentrations measured in soil vapor to assess the potential vapor intrusion pathway for multiple current buildings and potential future buildings located on an industrial property at the request of the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board (LARWQCB). Based on the results of the soil vapor evaluation, indoor air sampling was performed at one active industrial/office building to further evaluate the potential vapor intrusion pathway. An evaluation of benzene indoor air measurements was performed to assess the potential risk/hazard associated with worker exposure to concentrations of benzene in indoor air via the potential vapor intrusion pathway. Evaluated indoor and outdoor air measurements and indoor building survey results over multiple sampling rounds and provided recommendations for interim mitigation options to reduce worker exposure.

Confidential Client, Vapor Intrusion Assessment at Former MGP Facility, New York. 2010 - 2011; 2018-present. Performed vapor intrusion evaluations consisting of indoor air, outdoor air, and sub-slab vapor data, at a former MGP facility in accordance with New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) Vapor Intrusion Guidance. Indoor air and sub-slab vapor concentrations were evaluated using NYSDOH’s vapor intrusion matrices as well as published background concentrations of VOCs. Potential site-specific indoor air sources of VOCs were also identified as part of the evaluation. Non-MGP related VOCs requiring mitigation based on NYSDOH matrices were also identified.

Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc. Vapor Intrusion Investigation of Former Chemical Plant, Montague, Michigan. Performed a vapor intrusion evaluation for a site that was formerly occupied by a chemical plant in accordance with USEPA Region 5 guidance. Target chemicals were chlorinated VOCs. Evaluation was performed for the on-site area which is used as a resort for corporate functions as well as for the off-site residential area. Provided strategy on performing paired sub-slab vapor, indoor air, and outdoor air sampling and evaluated sampling results by comparison to risk-based screening levels, adjusted for site-specific exposure scenario where necessary. Developed communication/fact sheet for residents for distribution prior to the occurrence of vapor intrusion sampling within homes. Successfully negotiated evaluation approach with USEPA Region 5 and ultimately reached an agreement that remedies to mitigate the vapor intrusion pathway were not necessary based on the conclusions of the evaluation.

Confidential Client. Vapor Intrusion Evaluation at Large Industrial Building, Fairlawn, New Jersey. April 2010 to July 2011. Performed vapor intrusion evaluation for a large commercial/industrial facility building as part of an Administrative Consent Order with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) and under Superfund. Provided strategy for paired sub-slab vapor and indoor air and outdoor air sample collection. Tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) were the primary compounds of potential concern at the Site, detected in groundwater near the building at concentrations greater than the NJDEP Screening Levels. Evaluated sampling results by comparison to NJDEP screening levels to estimate potential inhalation risk to building occupants. Evaluated relationship between paired sub-slab vapor and indoor air samples to make a determination that detections of VOCs in indoor air were not likely migrating through the building slab and to identify the source of these VOC detections. Evaluation included review of building indoor air survey and review of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).

Chevron, Vapor Intrusion Assessments, California. Performed numerous site-specific vapor intrusion assessments for former gasoline stations and off-site residential and commercial/industrial properties. Assessments consisted of the evaluation of groundwater, soil vapor, sub-slab vapor, and/or indoor air and outdoor air data. Assessments performed for California's Department of Toxic Substances

Control (DTSC) and various local/regional water quality control boards (RWQCB) within California. Methods of evaluation have included comparison to typical background concentrations, evaluation of potential site-specific indoor sources identified during indoor building surveys, evaluation of observed attenuation factors, evaluation of fixed gas results and vertical screening distances, and use of the DTSC/HERD version of the Johnson and Ettinger model.

Confidential Client, Vapor Intrusion Evaluation, Goshen, Indiana. Performed a site-specific indoor air evaluation for neighboring residences to assess whether compounds in indoor air were posing a risk to human health. The evaluation was performed in accordance with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM). Modeled indoor air concentrations, potential incremental cancer risk, and potential noncancer hazard index for compounds measured in groundwater and soil gas using the Johnson and Ettinger Vapor Intrusion Model.

Sauget Area 1 Sites Group, Vapor Intrusion Human Health Risk Assessment, Sauget and Cahokia, Illinois. 2001 to June 2011. Performed a human health risk assessment evaluating the potential vapor intrusion pathway as part of the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS). The assessment was performed for a commercial/industrial exposure scenario for several buildings on site in accordance with Superfund and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency regulations. The assessment included a tiered approach including the site-specific indoor air modeling of soil and soil vapor using the USEPA Johnson and Ettinger (JE) Model. Potential preferential pathways, biodegradation of petroleum compounds, and critical JE modeling parameters were evaluated as part of this assessment to show that the use of the indoor air model was appropriate for use in evaluation of the pathway. A sensitivity analysis was also performed on various modeling parameters to show potential variations in modeling results.

Delaware Sand and Gravel Remedial Trust, Vapor Intrusion Evaluation, Newcastle, Delaware. 2004 to 2007. Performed a human health risk assessment (HHRA) focusing on evaluation of the vapor intrusion exposure pathway to evaluate the effectiveness of a bioremediation system installed as a result of an EPA Superfund record of decision amendment. A tiered vapor intrusion assessment (including the assessment of groundwater and soil vapor) was performed in accordance with USEPA vapor intrusion guidance and USEPA Region III to assess the human health risk from volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds present in the subsurface at the site to occupants of on-site buildings. AECOM was able to successfully conclude, with acceptance from EPA Region III, that no unacceptable risk to human health was posed to occupants of the on-site buildings via the vapor intrusion inhalation pathway.

Parker Hannifin Corporation, Vapor Intrusion Evaluation, Wake Forest, North Carolina. Conducted a risk evaluation for the vapor intrusion pathway at a former manufacturing site. Evaluation included modeling using the USEPA Johnson and Ettinger model from groundwater and soil vapor and the evaluation of various occupancy and site use scenarios.

Confidential Client, Human Health Risk Assessment/Vapor Intrusion Evaluation, Richmond, Virginia. Performed a screening level human health risk assessment for multiple media and a site-specific vapor intrusion evaluation for restricted and unrestricted use scenarios in accordance with Virginia Department of Environmental Quality's (VDEQ) Voluntary Remediation Program (VRP) for a shopping center with former dry cleaning operations. Both baseline and post-remediation risk assessments were prepared prior to and after soil excavation and in situ thermal treatment at the property. The site-specific vapor intrusion assessment included the evaluation of multiple lines of evidence including, measured indoor air data in addition to the estimation of potential indoor air concentrations from soil vapor collected external to the building using the USEPA Johnson and Ettinger Model, and sub-slab vapor collected beneath the building using conservative attenuation factors.

Parker Hannifin Corporation, Human Health Risk Assessment/Vapor Intrusion Evaluation, Iron Gate, Virginia. Performed a human health risk assessment (HHRA) in accordance with VDEQ's Voluntary Remediation Program Risk Assessment Guidance. The HHRA consisted of 1) a screening level evaluation to identify chemicals in soil, groundwater, sediment, surface water, and soil gas that may pose a potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk above target risk levels for restricted and unrestricted use scenarios via all relevant exposure pathways; and 2) a site-specific vapor intrusion evaluation for restricted and unrestricted use scenarios.

Textron, Vapor Intrusion Evaluation, Greer, South Carolina. Performed a baseline risk evaluation of indoor air concentrations of chlorinated VOCs in a former commercial building for a future-use exposure scenario. Developed risk-based cleanup levels which were used for comparison with indoor air monitoring data following the installation and operation of a soil vapor extraction (SVE) abatement system under the building.

Former Express Cleaners, Human Health Risk/Indoor Air Evaluation, Hales Corners, Wisconsin. Conducted a human health risk evaluation relating to vapor intrusion of Tetrachloroethene (PCE) from former dry cleaning processes.

Textron, Inc., Vapor Intrusion Evaluation, Newington, Connecticut. Performed vapor intrusion evaluation including modeling using the USEPA Johnson and Ettinger model from soil vapor in accordance with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection.

Workgroups and Committees

AECOM’s Vapor Intrusion Technical Practice Group (TPG) Leader. 2006-2016. The Vapor Intrusion TPG consisted of vapor intrusion practitioners internationally within AECOM with specialties in investigation, assessment, and mitigation, remediation. Organized internal information-sharing meetings, scheduled presentations offered internally from internal and external presenters, and maintained internal vapor intrusion Sharepoint site. 2006 to 2016.

Participated in the Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council (ITRC) Petroleum Vapor Intrusion (PVI) Team to produce a technical and regulatory guidance document and an Internet-based training course that describes a multiple lines of evidence approach for evaluating PVI. Provided review and input on initial drafts of the document. 2012 through 2014.

Co-chair of the Assessment Methodology Technical Committee, a subsection of the ASTM task group organizing committee responsible for developing an ASTM standard E 2600 to assess vapor intrusion as it relates to property transactions. October 2005 through March 2008.

Coordinated and provided comments on behalf of AECOM on the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) Guidance for Evaluating Soil Vapor Intrusion in the State of New York, Public Comment Draft, February 2005.

Presentations

Presented overview/update on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) toxicity and risk assessment as part of AECOM technical forum on PFAS provided to existing and potential clients in Manchester, New Hampshire, Waltham, Massachusetts, and Hartford, Connecticut in summer/fall of 2016.

Co-presented webinar titled "Vapor Intrusion Investigation, Mitigation, and Remediation Lessons Learned" to AECOM Clients. November 15, 2011.

Presented at the 2009 Business & Industry Association of New Hampshire/New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES) Waste Management Conference on May 5, 2009 in Manchester, New Hampshire. Presented overview of the ASTM’s Vapor Intrusion Standard E2600-08 and pending revisions.

Developed presentation for the North Carolina Bar Association titled “Overview of ASTM's Vapor Intrusion Standard (E2600 -08).” December 4, 2008.

Presented webinar titled “Vapor Intrusion – What You Need to Know” to AECOM Clients. December 7, 2006.

Presented at the Annual West Coast Conference on Soils, Sediments and Water on March 15, 2004 in San Diego, California. Presentation included a case study of observed attenuation factors (calculated based on soil vapor and groundwater data in a vapor intrusion evaluation for a confidential client) to be added to USEPA's database for revising default attenuation factors provided in the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) Guidance for Evaluating the Vapor Intrusion to Indoor Air Pathway. Publications Kabel, J., U. Vedagiri., B. Ruffle. 2017. Drinking Water Guidelines for PFOS and PFOA – Toxicological Basis and Decision-Making Implications. Poster presented at the Association for Environmental Health and Sciences (AEHS) Annual East Coast Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water, and Energy at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, October 16-19, 2017.

Kabel, J. 2010. Development of a Vapor Intrusion Database For Evaluation of Observed Attenuation Factors Representative of Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) Sites. Poster presented at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) MGP Symposium. San Antonio, TX. January 27-29, 2010.

Kabel, J. 2007. Highlights of ASTM’s Draft Vapor Intrusion Standard for Property Transactions and Case Study on a Connecticut Vapor Intrusion Assessment. Presentation at AECOM Environmental Seminar titled “Connecticut’s Pending Environmental Changes”. April 2007.

Eklund, B., D. Folkes, J. Kabel, and S. Lock. 2006. What Fresh Hell is This? -Understanding Different State Approaches to VI. Air and Waste Management Association's Vapor Intrusion: The Next Great Environmental Challenge – An Update. Air and Waste Management Proceedings. September 13-15.

Kabel, J., B. Ruffle, R. Wyrick, and G. Watkins. 2006. A Comparison of Modeled vs. Measured Soil Gas Data for Vapor Intrusion Evaluations. Poster presented at the Fifth International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, CA. May 22-25, 2006.

Knight Resume Fort Collins, CO 1 Environment December 2019

James W. Knight Environmental Scientist/Risk Assessor


Education

MS, Business Administration, Colorado State University, 1986

BS, Forest Management, University of Maine, 1978

BA, English, University of Michigan, 1976

Years of Experience

With AECOM: 5

With Other Firms: 25

Technical Specialties

Ecological Risk Assessment

Human Health Risk Assessment


Society of Environmental Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry


40-hour OSHA HAZWOPER Training

8-hour OSHA HAZWOPER Refresher Training, Annually

Mr. Knight is an environmental scientist/risk assessor with a diverse background in evaluating the impacts of contaminants on a variety of aquatic and terrestrial habitats as well as human health throughout the U.S. He has been responsible for a wide range of projects, from straightforward assessments associated with a single contaminant to complex, multi-chemical, multi-receptor assessments. He has also served as a project manager or task manager on a number of these projects, some of which resulted in the development of comprehensive remedial investigation (RI), feasibility study (FS) and environmental impact statement (EIS) reports. Mr. Knight’s focus has been on regulatory issues affecting the mining, oil and gas, forest products and chemical industries as well as U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Department of Defense (DOD) facilities.

Mr. Knight has significant knowledge of environmental problems associated with metals, petroleum-related products, PCBs, dioxins, chlorinated solvents, radionuclides and explosives. Work products have resulted in regulatory submittals under Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and other federal and state programs. Mr. Knight has conducted over 60 human health and ecological risk assessments as well as other types of reports in both the public and private sector.

Representative Experience

Utah Department of Natural Resources (UDNR), Department of Oil, Gas & Mining (DOGM), Abandoned Mine Land Program (AMRP) – Red Canyon Risk Assessment, Utah. Conducted site-specific screening level risk assessments (SLRAs) based on multiple lines of evidence approach for abandoned uranium mines in the Red Canyon mining district located on BLM lands in San Juan County. SLRA results were used to prioritize and rank 20 Defense Related Uranium Sites (DRUMs) in the Red Canyon area.

U.S. Department of Energy, Ecological Risk Assessment at Rocky Flats, Colorado. Served as an integral member of a project team that was tasked with completing a comprehensive final site-wide risk assessment for the Rocky Flats site near Denver. Project team was comprised of risk experts from several companies in the Denver area. Specific tasks included the evaluation of terrestrial and aquatic ecological risks associated with exposure to chemical and radiological


contaminants found at site. A year after the completion of draft risk assessment, addressed agency comments. [Prior to AECOM]

Agrium/NuWest Industries, Inc., Ecological Risk Assessment, Idaho. Conducted comprehensive screening level ecological risk assessments at three historic phosphate mining sites. Risk assessments addressed the potential for adverse effects on receptors exposed to metals in upland soil associated with the overburden waste rock as well as perennial or seasonal pit lakes, with an overall objective of the protection of ecological resources and livestock.

Freeport Minerals Corporation (FMC), Risk Assessment - Verde Central Mine Site, Arizona Conducted a comprehensive screening level ecological risk assessment as part of a Voluntary Remediation Project near Jerome, Arizona. Focus was on waste rock soils as well as an intermittent stream near the former facility. Also developed a sampling strategy for the entire site.

U.S. Department of Energy, Ecological Risk Assessment, Tennessee. Worked on $1.4 million task to investigate releases of radionuclides from the DOE X-10 plant into nearby waterways in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Tasks included the reconstruction of historical doses of radionuclides received by the public between 1944 and 1996 for the Tennessee Department of Health. [Prior to AECOM]

Bureau of Reclamation, Navajo Generating Station and Kayenta Mine Complex (NGS-KMC), Coconino and Navajo Counties, Arizona (2014-2016). Reviewed the ecological risk assessments performed for the Navajo Generating Station and the Kayenta Mine Complex to address air emission and metal deposition and summarized their methodologies and results into the Draft EIS. Analyzed potential impacts associated with various federal actions required for continued operation of the NGS-KMC from 2019-2044, including decommissioning and reclamation activities.

Exxon Mobil Corporation, Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Associated Research, Montana. Provided expertise on ecological issues associated with petroleum-related contamination in the Yellowstone River. Initial focus was on developing a comprehensive EIS for the contaminated area of the river. Following the initial emergency response, worked with a team of researchers on developing an understanding of the ecology of the river (biota, woody debris piles, historical angler use, etc.) as part of the NRDA process. Developed several presentations for the client as well as sampling strategies for biota (fish and amphibians). [Prior to AECOM]

Phillips 66, Environmental Assessments, Montana. As part of the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) Voluntary Cleanup Plan (VCP), evaluated potential risk concerns for both human health and the environment at two sites, the former Lewistown Refinery site near Lewistown, and the former Lohof Gravel Pit site near Billings.

Freeport Minerals Corporation (FMC), Environmental Services - Chino Copper Mine Site, New Mexico. Provided technical reviews on multiple work plans and RI/FS reports associated with multiple regulatory programs including the overlap between discharge permits issued by the New Mexico Environment Department – Groundwater Quality Bureau, a Closure permit, and a CERCLA-like consent order. Additional human health and ecological issues under multiple programs were also investigated. [Prior to AECOM]


Atlantic Richfield Company, Ecological Characterization of Copper Mine, Nevada. Provided expertise and risk strategies for ecological and human health issues associated with a copper mine site in Yerington, Nevada. Developed a comprehensive understanding of the ecology for each of the operating units including an offsite waterway as well as developing conceptual site models. Developed a work plan for the eventual sampling approach for the offsite waterway. Served as a reviewer for a comprehensive wildlife monitoring program performed on a weekly basis throughout the mine site. [Prior to AECOM]

Former Flying J Petroleum Refinery, Cutbank, Montana - Prepared a baseline ecological risk assessment for a former refinery site in accordance with Montana Department of Environmental Quality. Responsible for evaluating exposure to soil and surface water by multiple site-specific ecological receptors. Also addressed human health risk-related issues at the site.

Donlin Gold LLC, Environmental Impact Statement, Alaska. Provided a comprehensive review of ecological risk issues associated with an EIS for a proposed mine site in Alaska. Focus was on potential risks for wildlife from exposure to toxic compounds and metals in a pit lake and other water storage facilities and the impact of fugitive dust deposition during future construction and operations. The potential for risks associated with an overturn scenario where high concentrations of metals in lower levels of the pit lake rise to the surface, was also evaluated.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Formerly Used Defense Site, Ecological Risk Assessment, Alaska. Prepared and subsequently implemented a screening level ecological risk assessment to support a Remedial Investigation conducted at a remote Aleutian Island FUDS. The ecological risk assessment focused on upland terrestrial and aquatic habitats and included assessment of terrestrial and aquatic birds, invertebrates and fish that are present on the islands. Remedial goals were also derived for the site.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Former Pipeline/Fuel Storage Facility, Human and Ecological Method 2 Evaluation, Alaska. Prepared screening level assessments to evaluate potential ecological and human health risk in support of a Remedial Investigation (RI) at three different facilities. Assessments followed ADEC guidelines to identify not only chemicals of concern but also to compute cumulative risk estimates that assure that Method 2 cleanup goals and cumulative risk requirements were met. Remedial goals were also defined for each of the three sites.

U.S. Navy, Risk Assessment and Project Management, California. Project manager, lead ecologist and risk assessor on projects at Point Molate in Richmond, California, on the San Francisco Bay for over five years. Developed risk-based TPH screening levels that were protective of human health and the environment (terrestrial and aquatic receptors) in soil, surface water and groundwater. Responsible for a comprehensive evaluation of the ecological risks to the offshore environment from petroleum-related contamination associated with the site. Reviewed or authored several RI and FS reports. [Prior to AECOM]

U.S. Navy, Installation Coordinator, Feasibility Study and Ecological Risk Assessment, California. Served as installation coordinator at Moffett Airfield in Mountain View, California for two years. Position included monthly project meetings with client and agency representatives. In addition to this role as installation coordinator, served as project manager and lead ecologist/risk


assessor on the development of a FS for a contaminated waterway. The FS included a $1.2 million field investigation and a comprehensive risk assessment of receptors using the waterway. [Prior to AECOM]

U.S. Navy, Site Inspections, Remedial Investigations and Ecological Risk Assessment at Munitions Sites, California. Served as task manager on several projects at the former Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach Detachment Concord in Concord, California. Projects focused on munitions and explosives of concern (MEC) as well as munitions constituents (MC) on parcels scattered throughout the site. Deliverables included site inspection reports, RI work plans, health and safety plans, and a comprehensive ecological risk assessment for four sites with munitions and chemicals of concern. [Prior to AECOM]

U.S. Navy, Remedial Investigations, Feasibility Studies and Risk Assessments, Multiple Sites in California, Nevada, and Hawaii. Worked on RI/FS and risk assessment documents at Navy bases in the San Francisco Bay area (Hunter’s Point, Mare Island and Skaggs Island), in coastal Southern California (Port Hueneme and Point Mugu), the Mojave Desert (China Lake and El Centro), Nevada (Fallon), and Hawaii (Barbers Point). Chemicals of concern were typically metals, solvents and petroleum-related products in soil, sediment, surface water and groundwater. [Prior to AECOM]

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ecological Surveys, Utah. Project manager and health and safety coordinator for three work assignments under the EPA Region 8 REPA contract. The first project involved the conduct of three ecological surveys at an industrial site in Provo, Utah. The second project focused on a review of ecological risk assessments for several refineries in Wyoming. The third project involved a review of the Pueblo Chemical Depot disposal facility risk assessment protocol for hazardous waste combustion facilities. [Prior to AECOM]

Basin Electric, NEPA Investigations, Wyoming, Montana, South and North Dakota. Developed a comprehensive EA Report associated with a Public Utility Commission (PUC) application for Basin Electric Power Cooperative. Project focused on a series of proposed transmission lines associated with generating stations in the states of Montana, South Dakota, and North Dakota. Also worked on an EIS for a coal-fired power plant in state of Wyoming. [Prior to AECOM]

Confidential Client, Human Health Risk Assessment, Texas. Managed a comprehensive risk assessment on the impact of environmental lead on exposure and resulting blood lead levels in multiple plaintiffs and on cattle owned by these plaintiffs. Evaluated existing environmental and relevant medical information and developed a comprehensive sampling and analysis program of all properties. [Prior to AECOM]

PPG Industries, Inc., Risk Assessment, Louisiana. Managed several tasks including an evaluation of ecological receptors as part of a comprehensive biological inventory at a PPG facility in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Work included the collection and evaluation of on- and off-site terrestrial and aquatic biological data. Developed a site-specific habitat suitability index for mink and alligator. Also worked on tasks focusing on human health risks associated with on- and off-site exposure to contaminated surface water, sediment, aquatic biota, and groundwater. [Prior to AECOM]

Cecilia (Ceil) Mancini Risk and Related Services

Overview Ms. Mancini is AECOM’s Remediation Practice Area Risk-NRDA leader. In this role she directly participates in key risk programs for a variety of business lines throughout the world and sponsors AECOM’s risk and NRDA focus teams for constituents including mercury, lead, PFAS and dioxin. She is also responsible for resourcing of projects and plays a major role in the delivery of quality risk and NRDA products throughout the organization. Ms. Mancini has been responsible for strategy, quality and consistency of product for a confidential, multisite national chemical client for more than 30 years. Ms. Mancini has served as Program Manager, project manager and regulatory liaison for a variety of CERCLA, RCRA and state voluntary programs throughout the US, particularly in USEPA Regions 3 and 5. She has had key roles on a mercury program involving more than 25 miles of the South River and downstream tributaries for 15 years; key roles have included strategy development, technical resourcing, Program Management. She is currently Senior Technical Consultant to this complex mercury program. The work has involved comprehensive characterization of the floodplain and river, assessment, remediation and monitoring of abiotic and biotic system components. Ms. Mancini has managed and been involved in:

multiyear field data collection of chemical, physical and biological components of the river system;

characterization of the flood plain associated with the river;

collaborative Natural Resource Damage Assessment;

development, implementation and data assessment for pilot studies associated with remedial option development (eg., bank stabilization, sediment and soil amendments, water treatment);

watershed-wide relative risk model;

bank loading investigations;

coordination of study results and communication with a multi-stakeholder technical team and expert panel;

permitting and input to remedial design in an Adaptive Management framework.

Ms. Mancini has presented much of this work at regional, national and international level conferences.

Areas of Expertise Risk Assessment Contaminated Sediment Management Natural Resource Damage Assessment Program Management

Years of Experience With AECOM: 30+ Years With other firms: 3 years

Education Rutgers University: M.S., Aquatic Zoology Monmouth University: B.S., Biology

Registration/ Certification

Professional Association of Diving Instructors Hazardous Waste Training (OSHA CFR 29:1910:120) Red Cross Instructor Certification USCG 100-Ton Captains License

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Her primary area of expertise is in remediation of aquatic systems. A summary of her expertise includes: Management of numerous multidisciplinary marine and aquatic

environmental projects throughout the United States for both private and public clients in the chemical, pharmaceutical, refinery, and power sectors, in addition to the Department of Defense, Corps of Engineers and other government entities

Strategy development; risk-based decision making; design, acquisition,

management, assessment and evaluation of environmental data; the development of work plans, remedial investigation documentation in the context of CERCLA, RCRA and a variety of state programs; and regulatory liaison and negotiation. Key studies have included the assessment of metals migration from site related structures such as municipal and industrial landfills and process lagoons to groundwater and surface waters.

Strategic risk and remedial decision making and program support for

programs in Latin America, Poland, China, India, and Italy. Project Specific Experience Senior Technical Consultant for strategy development and aquatic and

wetland ecological studies in support of an EPA-lead ecological risk assessments of a 300+ acre former Remington Arms site in Connecticut. Sediment metals are primary chemicals of concern.

Development of risk assessment guidelines for multi-site portfolios of a major US steel company, chemical company and utility

Senior Risk Resource and Peer Review for an ecological risk assessment

for a 1600-acre chemical manufacturing facility on the Delaware River in New Jersey.

Task Leader for development of Monitoring Plans for areas to be

donated as part of a New Jersey state-wide settlement for potential groundwater resource injuries associated with a confidential chemical client.

Task Manager for comprehensive field data collection and ecological risk assessment of a metals based pigment plant located in EPA, Region III, Delaware; CERCLA site; Data collected were used as part an ecological risk assessment, risk based decision making, and Natural Resource Damage Assessment for the site. A habitat equivalency analysis was performed for the site to compare function and value of impacted wetlands with restored areas.

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Task Manager for remediation and restoration integration for Army Creek Marsh, Delaware for a confidential client; work included remediation/restoration strategy development incorporating Trustee and DNREC objectives in a risk-based framework and collaborative Natural Resource Damage Assessment.

Risk strategy for a multi-party refinery site located on the Delaware River estuary in Pennsylvania; sediments were considered legacy contamination of the former site owner.

Task Leader for aquatic ecological studies associated with ecological risk assessment, remediation monitoring and natural resource damage assessment of a former firing range on the Housatonic River in Connecticut.

Ecological task leader responsible for comprehensive site characterization, regulatory liaison and strategy development for a CERCLA manufacturing facility on the St. Lawrence River in EPA, Region 2, New York.

Publications and Presentations Collins, J., N.R. Grosso, C. Mancini, R. Davis, and C. Patmont. 2015. Criteria for the Selection of Bank Management Areas as Part of the Mercury Remedy in a Complex River System. Poster presented at the November 2015 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah. Collins. J., T. Bingman, M. Liberati, and C. Mancini. 2019. Case Study of a Long-term Risk Management of a Complex Mercury Site. SETAC 2019 Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada. Collins, J., R.G. Stahl Jr, PhD., C. Mancini and W. Reese III. 2015. Establishing baseline data for short- and long-term monitoring to evaluate remedy effectiveness for a mercury contaminated sediment system. Poster presented at the November 2015 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah. Collins, J., S. Haffey, C. Patmont, R. Davis, W. Dinicola, M. Liberati, N. R. Grosso, R.G. Stahl, PhD. Integrated Restoration/Remediation of a Mercury Impacted River: Sustainable Bank Design. Presented by C. Mancini at the November 2017 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Minneapolis, Minn. Grosso, N., M. Zeff, C. Mancini, W. Norris, and J. Pizzuto. 2011. Integration of Engineering Bank Stabilization Design Elements to Support Habitat Restoration Goals. National Conference on Ecosystem Restoration. Baltimore, Md.

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Grosso, N.R., C. Foran, PhD and C. Mancini. 2016. Learnings from implementation of a comprehensive monitoring program in the South River. Decision Analysis in Support of Ecosystem Restoration. To be presented at the 2016 National Conference on Ecosystem Restoration in Coral Springs Florida; April 2016. Hauser, C., B. Bayne, J. Mattei and M. Liberati. 2017. Design and performance of a two phase living shoreline to reduce erosion in a dynamic estuarine environment. Presented by C. Mancini at the 2017 Battelle Contaminated Sediments Conference in New Orleans, LA. Hauser, C., J. Mattei, C. Mancini, M.R. Liberati. 2018. Concept Maturation of a Coastal Restoration Program Following Successful Implementation of a Pilot Project. SETAC 2018 Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA. Mancini, C., N.R. Grosso and C. Foran, PhD. 2016. Benefits of an Adaptive Management Framework in Remedial Program Development; South River VA, a Case Study. Presentation at the 2016 Fall Sponsor Program for the Sediment Management Work Group. Mancini, C., D. Jones, W. Reese III, N.R. Grosso, and R.G. Stahl, PhD. 2016. How much is enough? What more is needed to gain acceptance on the use of amendments as a safe and viable treatment technology? Platform presented at the November 2016 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Orlando, Fla. Mancini, C., J. Collins, S. Thakali, and R.G. Stahl, PhD. A Mercury Impacted Aquatic Food Web Based on Empirical Data. Presented at the November 2016 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Orlando, Fla. Mancini, C. and W. Reese III. 2017. Co-chairs of Session: Remediation/Restoration - Innovative Design and Monitoring Techniques. To be convened at the November 2017 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Mancini, C. and M. Liberati. 2017. Case Study of Multi-Faceted Public Outreach Program for Mercury Impacted River. Presented at the International Conference for Mercury as a Global Pollutant. Providence, RI. Mancini, C., H. Loso and S. Thakali. 2019. Problem Formulation in the Risk Assessment of Long and Short Chain Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS). Environmental Risk Assessment of PFAS. 12-15, August, 2019, Durham, NC, USA SETAC North American Focused Topic Meeting.

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Mancini, C., S. Thakali, Ph.D., N.R. Grosso. 2019. Benefits of an Enhanced Adaptive Management model in stakeholder communications. SETAC 2019 Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada. Hoffman, K., N. Grosso, R.G. Stahl Jr, Ph.D., C. Mancini, C. Patmont and R.Davis. 2015. Striking a Balance Between Remedial Goals and Habitat Function: An Exercise in Consensus Building. Poster presented at the November 2015 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah. Long, G., C. Mancini, M. Nicholson, and P. Mazierski. 2009. Evaluation of Benthic Communities in an Embayment of Lake Ontario Receiving Cooling Water Effluent. Presented at the Fifth International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments in Jacksonville, Florida in February 2009. Mancini, C. 2015. Development and Use of Background Datasets: Regulatory Challenges. Presented at the Sediment Management Work Group Fall Forum. Washington D.C. December 2-3, 2015. Mancini, C., J. Badner, N. Grosso, and R. Landis. 2013. A Plan for Monitoring an Aquatic Field Based Pilot Study for the Effectiveness of Mercury Treatment with Biochar. Presented at the November 2013 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Nashville, TN. Mancini, C., D. McCue, S. Thakali, R.G. Stahl, and A. Guiseppi-Elie. 2014. Data Quality Assurance in a Changing Regulatory Framework. Presented at the November 2014 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia. Mancini, C., C.M. Foran, and N.R. Grosso. 2016. Benefits of An Adaptive Management Framework in Remedial Program Development: South River, Va Case Study. Presented at the Sediment Management Work Group Fall Sponsor Forum in Washington, D.C. November, 2016. Neff, J., D. Sanzone, D. Lewis, N.Vinhateiro, J.A. Blake, and M.K. Surprenant. 2015. Review of the Environmental Fate and Effects of Drill Cuttings and Associated Drilling Fluids Discharged from Offshore Oil and Gas Operations Review of the Environmental Fate and Effects of Drill Cuttings and Associated Drilling Fluids Discharged from Offshore Oil and Gas Operations. Presented by C. Mancini at the November 2015 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah. Reese, W.J. III. 2015. Site-specific application of the Bioaccumulation and Aquatic System Simulator (BASS) for mercury bioaccumulation in the South River, Virginia. Poster presented by C. Mancini at the November 2015 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah.

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Reese, W.J. III, C. Mancini, and R.G. Stahl, Jr, PhD. 2015. Use of a Bioaccumulation Model to Simulate Methylmercury Biomagnification by Fish in the South River, Virginia, USA. AFS American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting. 16-20 August, 2015 | Portland, Oregon, USA. Thakali, S. Ph.D., A. Miano, J. Collins, C. Mancini, R.G. Stahl Jr., Ph.D., D.A.B.T, M.R. Liberati. 2018. Relative Risk Models Using Bayesian Networks: Application, Communication and Regulatory Use. SETAC 2018 Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA. Thakali, S. Ph.D., B. Reese, D. Jones, J. Collins, A. Miano, J. Badner and Ceil Mancini. 2019. Predicting Ecotoxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Using In Vitro and In Silico Information. Environmental Risk Assessment of PFAS. 12-15, August, 2019, Durham, NC, USA SETAC North American Focused Topic Meeting.

Professional Societies/Affiliates American Corporate Partners Program Mentor American Littoral Society, Sandy Hook New Jersey, BioBlitz Invertebrate Team Leader, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018 Association of New Jersey Environmental Commissions, Long Branch, Former Chair and Natural Resource Committee Lead ITRC, Bioavailability in Soils Committee Member, 2016-2017 Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Hudson Delaware Chapter Member/Former Board Member Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, National Chapter, Career Development Committee Society for the Education of American Sailors, Monmouth County, New Jersey, Former Trustee United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction, Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Committee, 2016 Contact Information 625 W. Ridge Pike, Suite E-100 Conshohocken, PA 19428 Tel:/908.329.5075 [email protected]

Pinnella Resume Fort Collins, CO 1 Environment May 2018

Kenneth D. Pinnella Toxicologist/Risk Assessor


Education

MS, Environmental Toxicology, Colorado State University, 2000

BA, Social Science-Economics, Colorado State University, 1988

Years of Experience

With AECOM: 13

With Other Firms: 6

Technical Specialties

Ecological Risk Assessment

Human Health Risk Assessment

Pipeline Risk Assessment

Water and Sediment Quality Evaluation


Society of Environmental Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry


40-hour OSHA HAZWOPER Training

8-hour OSHA HAZWOPER Refresher Training, Annually

8-hour OSHA HAZWOPER On-Site Manager/Supervisor Training

FRA 49 CFR 214 On-Track Railroad Worker Safety Training

U.S Department of Transportation Hazardous Materials Shipping Training

Mr. Pinnella is a toxicologist and risk assessor conducting human health and ecological risk assessments, with a focus on ecological risk assessment. He has 19 years of broad-based experience in conducting risk assessments at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and state program and international hazardous waste facility sites. He also conducts water and sediment quality investigations, use attainability analyses, beneficial use demonstrations, and toxicological evaluations in air, water, sediment, and soil. Mr. Pinnella has experience with single focus and multidisciplinary projects involving site investigations, ecological and biological surveys, data management, statistical analysis, fate and transport modeling (vapor intrusion, lateral transport, and air emissions), and regulatory compliance. He has experience in most Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regions and with many state programs, as well as international experience. Mr. Pinnella has conducted over 50 human health and ecological risk assessments in the public and private sectors.

Representative Experience

Mining

Freeport Minerals Corporation Inactive Copper Mine, Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment, Arizona. Provided oversight and technical review for screening level ecological risk assessment and human health risk assessment at a former copper mine. The evaluation identified potential adverse impacts to ecological and human receptors from inorganic chemical constituents in terrestrial and ephemeral stream habitats. The results were used to define additional data needs and inform risk management decisions for the site.

Freeport Minerals Corporation Active Copper Mine, Preliminary Probabilistic Human Health Risk Assessment, Arizona. Developed a focused preliminary probabilistic human health risk assessment to evaluate potential residential exposure and risk to residual metals associated with former tailings basins. The evaluation focused on urban residential exposure to arsenic and copper in an area adjacent to the active mine. The evaluation is ongoing and intended to define additional data needs and inform risk management decisions for the site.


Agrium-NuWest Inactive Phosphate Mine Sites, Ecological Risk Assessment, Idaho. Prepared screening level ecological risk assessment to support contaminated site risk assessment and remediation at inactive pit mine sites (North Maybe Mine, South Maybe Mine and East Mill Dump). The evaluation identified potential adverse impacts to ecological receptors and livestock from inorganic chemical constituents in terrestrial and aquatic (pit lake) habitats. Collected and evaluated plant and invertebrate tissue data, and conducted bioaccumulation and ambient background studies. The results were used to define additional data needs to support a baseline ecological risk assessment and data collection, and to define remedial goals for the mine sites.

Bureau of Land Management, Active Open Pit Mine, Ecological Risk Assessment Review and Environmental Impact Statement, Nevada. Provided technical review, comments and mediation of completion of prospective screening level/baseline ecological risk assessment prepared in support of an EIS for the Betze-Post Open Pit Mine (Barrick) mine expansion project. The assessments addressed risk to ecological receptors from creation of a pit lake in the open mine post closure - evaluated pit lake aquatic and riparian/terrestrial habits based on current and modeled (future) data for inorganic chemicals. The results of risk assessments were incorporated into the final Betze-Post Pit Mine EIS.

EnXco, Microwave Tower Construction at Former Gold Mine, Human Health Risk Evaluation and Safety Recommendations, California. Prepared technical memorandum that included development of risk-based soil concentrations for arsenic protective of worker safety and a soil risk evaluation based on site soil data associated with the Cactus Queen Mine. Provided health and safety recommendations for engineering and administrative controls, including personal protective equipment and monitoring. The results were used to inform development of work plans for microwave tower and associated road construction activities.

Navajo Generating Station – Kayenta Mine Complex, Arizona. Provided detailed technical review and oversight of multiple regional scale ERAs (4) and HHRAs (2) and health impact assessment (HIA), conducted under NEPA, associated with operation of an existing coal-fired power plant on Navajo Reservation trust land as well as a nearby coal mine in Arizona. The ERAs addressed current and prospective risk to terrestrial and aquatic receptors from stack emissions and deposition of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) within the region, including the San Juan River, Colorado River and Lake Powell. The HHRAs address risk to human health from exposure to HAPs in air, soil, food (livestock, fish and produce) and water. The HHRA, ERA and HIA results were incorporated into a comprehensive EIS to inform federal decision making.

Four Corners Power Plant, Beneficial Use Demonstration, New Mexico. Technical lead for the conduct of a human health and ecological evaluation of coal combustion residuals (CCR) at an active coal fired power plant to support a beneficial use demonstration. The evaluation was conducted in accordance with the Final CCR Rule (40 CFR 257.53) to demonstrate that the use of CCR as fill material meets the conditions of the Rule. The human health and ecological evaluations included statistical analysis of CCR and alternate fill sources, and assessment of potential impacts to soil, groundwater and surface water. The beneficial use


demonstration was used to inform CCR management decisions at the site.

Primary Industries and Resources South Australia, Active Rare Earth Treatment Plant, Ecological Risk Assessment, South Australia, Australia. Prepared screening level ecological risk assessment to support Contaminated Site Risk Assessment and Remediation Control Services at an active plant in Port Pirie. The evaluation was focused on identifying potential adverse impacts to the environment and ecological receptors from radiological, rare earth, and non-radiological (conventional) inorganic chemical constituents in terrestrial, estuarine and marine habitats. The results of the risk assessment were used to define remedial goals for the facility.

Primary Industries and Resources South Australia, Inactive Uranium Mine and Low-Level Radioactive Waste Repository Ecological Risk Assessment, Radium Hill, Australia. Prepared screening level ecological risk assessment to support contaminated site risk assessment and remediation control services at an inactive mine site. The evaluation was focused on identifying potential adverse impacts to the environment and ecological receptors from radiological, rare earth, and non-radiological (conventional) inorganic chemical constituents in terrestrial, estuarine and marine habitats. The results of the risk assessment were used to define remedial goals for the facility.

US Bureau of Land Management, Active Copper Mine Ecological Risk Assessment Review and Environmental Impact Statement, Nevada. Provided technical review, comments, and mediation for completion of prospective screening-level ecological assessment prepared in support of an EIS for the (Newmont) Phoenix Mine proposed copper leach project evapotranspiration basins. The assessments addressed risk to ecological receptors from contact with process-derived leachate. The results were incorporated into the final Phoenix Mine EIS.

US Bureau of Land Management, Active Open Pit Mine Human and Ecological Risk Assessment Review and Environmental Impact Statement, Nevada. Provided technical review, comments and mediation for completion of prospective screening level/baseline ecological and human health risk assessment prepared in support of an EIS for the Round Mountain mine expansion. The assessments addressed risk to human health and ecological receptors from exposure to future filling of pit lakes post closure and evaluation of aquatic and terrestrial habits based on current and modeled future data for inorganic chemicals. The results were incorporated into the final Round Mountain EIS.

Transportation

Alaska Railroad, Active Railyard, Ecological Risk Assessment, Alaska. Conducted ecological risk assessment in support of a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study at an active railyard in Anchorage, Alaska. Issues included evaluation of upland, river, and estuarine ecological risk from multiple sources. Results of the risk assessment were intended to focus remedial efforts at the site.

BNSF, Active Railroad Right of Way, Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment, Missouri. Conducted human health and ecological risk assessment for a railroad right of way (ROW) used for transport of lead ore from Viburnum mine to a smelting facility about 165 miles away. Evaluation included assessing soil impacts from aerial deposition of fugitive dusts for railroad


workers, residential communities and ecological resources along the ROW. Results of the risk assessment were used to focus remedial efforts along the ROW.

BNSF, Active Railyard and Maintenance Facility, Ecological Risk Assessment, Nebraska. Conducted ecological risk assessment in support of a Remedial Facility Investigation/Corrective Measures Study at an active railyard/engine maintenance facility in Lincoln. Evaluation included assessing upland and stream ecological risk from multiple sources, including evaluation of hyporheic (transition) zones in a site-associated stream. Results of the risk assessment were intended to focus remedial efforts at the site.

BNSF, Former Maintenance Facility, Ecological Risk Assessment, Iowa. Conducted ecological risk assessment in support of a Remedial Facility Investigation/Corrective Measures Study at a former engine maintenance facility in Burlington, Iowa. Issues included upland, stream, and pond ecological risk from multiple sources. Results of the risk assessment were intended to focus remedial efforts at the site.

BNSF, Former Wood Treating Facility/Railyard and Adjacent former Refinery, Human Health Risk Assessment, Montana. Evaluated human health risk former wood treatment facility. The primary chemicals of concern included PCBs, dioxins and other chlorinated hydrocarbons, and petroleum constituents associated with the former refinery. The risk assessment evaluated human receptors exposed to site soils, and evaluated the potential for leaching and lateral migration via groundwater. Results of the risk assessment were used to focus remedial efforts at the site.

Railroad, Tier 3 Human Health Risk Assessment, Proctor, Minnesota. Assisted in preparation and review of a Tier 3 human health risk assessment for an active railyard to evaluate the potential site-specific human health risk associated with impacted soil within Areas of Concern based on site-specific inputs and a Tier 3 risk-based approach per MPCA guidelines. The Tier 3 HHRA was conducted in accordance with the MPCA's Risk-Based Guidance for the Soil - Human Health Pathway Volume 2, Technical Support Document, Soil Reference Values and Chemical-Specific Information, and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) risk-based guidance.

Former Tie Treatment Plant, Tier 3 Risk Assessment, Brainerd, Minnesota. Assisted in preparation, review and implementation of a Tier 3 risk assessment work plan for a former tie treating plant in Brainerd and Baxter, MN. The risk assessment work plan proposed site-specific inputs and a Tier 3 risk-based approach for review and approval by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) and USEPA prior to conducting the Tier 3 risk assessment. The Tier 3 risk assessment presented an evaluation of potential site-specific human health and ecological risk associated with impacted soil at the Site.

Canadian National Railway, Operating Right of Way, Ecological Habitat Assessment, Illinois. Performed qualitative desk-top habitat assessment and prepared report in support of an Illinois Pollution Control Board (IPCB) Remediation Objectives Report (ROR). The results of the assessment were used in consideration of remedial objective for the site.

Norfolk Southern, Active Railyard, Human Health Risk Assessment, Virginia. Prepared focused human health risk assessments for multiple contiguous land tracts directly associated with an active railyard in Roanoke.


The evaluation included assessment of constituent Fate and Transport (Leaching), and assessment of potential risk from groundwater and soil, and surface water and sediment in the nearby Roanoke River. Site-specific target levels were developed for chemicals of concern that are protective of site receptors (industrial workers, trespassers/recreational users). The results of the risk assessments were intended to define appropriate remediation and management goals for the site.

Southern Wood Piedmont/Central of Georgia Railroad, Former Railroad Fueling Facility, Georgia. Human health Type 4 Risk Reduction Standards (RRS) for soil and groundwater were developed for organic chemicals of concern in support of a Focused Feasibility Study. The evaluation specifically evaluated Vapor Intrusion into an operating on site water treatment facility and soil contact by site workers and potential trespassers. The results were intended to identify and prioritize potential remedial options and technologies for the site.

Oil and Gas

Anadarko, Oil Field, Use Attainability Analysis, Wyoming. Member of team providing field and technical support for a Use Attainability Analysis with the goal of developing site-specific water quality criteria for creeks and rivers affected by saline produced water discharges in a producing oil field in Wyoming. Project included wetland evaluation, wildlife evaluation, bioassessments and fish community evaluation, water quality and hydrology investigations, and impact to landowner water use patterns.

BP, Active Petroleum Refinery, Corporate Wildlife Habitat Certification, Utah. Performed qualitative habitat assessment and prepared application and all supporting documentation for submittal to the Wildlife Habitat Council's Corporate Wildlife Habitat Certification International Accreditation Program. Since acceptance of application, have maintained current status in program by preparation and submittal of the program renewal application.

BP, Active Refinery, Ecological Risk Assessment, Virginia. Project scientist providing technical support for Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Facility Investigation risk assessment at an active refinery. Conducted detailed ecological risk evaluation of terrestrial and aquatic receptors exposed to solid waste management unit soils, aquatic sediment, pore water and surface water to determine potential adverse risk to ecological receptors. The risk assessment included an evaluation of chemicals of interest, exposure assessment, toxicity evaluation, risk characterization and estimation of risk. The risk assessment was used to define appropriate risk based endpoints for remediation and management of site media.

BP, Environmental Toxicology of Xylenes, Oklahoma. A toxicological review of xylene isomers was conducted to assess the potential for exposure and the toxicity to cattle that potentially consumed impacted stock pond water downgradient of a pipeline release site. The potential for adverse effects to human health from consumption of meat from exposed cattle was also assessed. The results of the review were intended to inform public health concerns and support formulation of remedy decisions.

BP, Former Landfill Site, Ecological Risk Assessment, Illinois. Prepared a screening-level ecological risk assessment to support a Remedial Investigation being conducted at the site. Evaluation included assessment of groundwater expression at seeps (soil) and migration and transition of groundwater into surface water of an adjacent river. Investigation was focused on the evaluation


of the adjacent river and riparian corridor potentially affected by landfill sources. The results of the assessment were intended to inform the determination of remedial goals for the site.

BP, Former Petroleum Refinery, Ecological Exclusion and Scoping Assessment, Wyoming. Performed qualitative habitat assessment and prepared Wyoming DEQ Ecological Exclusion and Scoping Worksheets (DEQ Fact Sheet 14) in support of an ecological risk assessment for the site.

BP, Former Refinery, Ecological Risk Assessment, Missouri. As a member of the risk assessment team, evaluated both human health and ecological risk at former refinery in Missouri. Responsible for evaluation of ecological receptors exposed to site soils, surface water, sediment, and pore water, and human receptors exposed to indoor air. Provided technical support to overall risk documents and made key contributions to technical writing and production.

BP, Former Refinery, Ecological Risk Assessment, Wyoming. Member of risk assessment team evaluating risk at former refinery site. Responsible for evaluation of ecological receptors exposed to site soils, surface water, sediment, and pore water. Analyzed and presented technical data using spreadsheets, retrieved and reviewed toxicological parameters and peer-reviewed literature, and contributed to technical writing in support of the risk assessment document.

BP, Former Refinery, Soil Leaching Evaluation, Wyoming. Performed an evaluation of leaching of organic and inorganic soil constituents to underlying groundwater in support of a subsurface investigation being conducted for a parcel of the site. Evaluation included calculation of site-specific soil screening levels (SSLs) per Wyoming regulations, application of the SSLs to site soil data and review of site groundwater data. The results of the evaluation were used to define endpoints for remediation and management of surface and subsurface media.

Chevron, Former Aneth Gas Plant, Ecological Assessment, Utah. Performed a desk-top qualitative habitat assessment to establish ecological conditions at the site. The results were used to support an ongoing soil investigation and human health risk assessment.

Dakota Gasification Company. Great Plains Synfuels Plant, Underground Pipeline Release Evaluation, North Dakota. Performed a Lateral Transport and Vapor Intrusion evaluation to address a subsurface release of volatile process chemicals. Incorporated the RBCA Toolkit and Johnson and Ettinger Model to provide risk-based action levels for groundwater constituents to be applied for interim source control measures.

Duke Energy, Pipeline, Focused Ecological Risk Assessment, Texas. Assisted in preparation of focused ecological risk assessment for a critically endangered species (black-capped vireo) documented to be present at locations downstream of potential accidental pipeline release points (high consequence areas). The results provided an estimate for potential irreparable or irreversible injury to this species should a pipeline release occur. The assessment was used to assist in decision making appropriate to minimize such risk.

Eugene Water & Electric Board, Former Manufactured Gas Plant, Oregon. Provided technical support and document review for ongoing fate and transport and ecological risk evaluations being conducted in the Willamette River adjacent to the site. Evaluation included focused study of the hyporeic zone along the banks of the river and potential effects from these groundwater transition zones


to infaunal macroinvertebrates and fish. The results were intended to identify and prioritize potential remedial options and technologies for the site.

Exxon-Mobil, Environmental Toxicology of Barium in Marine Environment, Various. As part of a Life Cycle Analysis for barium-containing drilling fluid disposal in off-shore marine oil platforms, prepared a barium ecotoxicity, bioavailability and geoavailability white paper based on literature sources.

Flying J Petroleum, Former Refinery, Ecological Risk Assessment, Wyoming. Member of risk assessment team evaluating human health and ecological risk at former refinery site. Responsible for evaluation of ecological receptors exposed to site soils, surface water, sediment, and sediment pore water, development of risk estimates and reporting of results. Results of the risk assessment were used to focus remedial efforts at the site.

Flying J Petroleum, Former Refinery, Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Work Plan, Montana. Lead risk assessor for development of work plan to evaluate potential risk at former refinery site. Worked closely with MDEQ to develop work plans anticipated to be implemented in late 2015. Media of concern includes site soils, surface water and sediment. Results of the risk assessment will be used to focus remedial efforts and closure at the site.

Former Manufactured Gas Plant, Underground Storage Tank Release, Washington. Lateral Transport and Vapor Intrusion Evaluation for underground storage tank (UST) release. Evaluated potential human health risk associated with Vapor Intrusion of UST related subsurface constituents into indoor air at site. Estimated risks to both on-site and downgradient receptors by incorporating Vapor Intrusion and Fate and Transport Modeling. Conducted supplemental evaluation to determine an acceptable subsurface media concentration that is protective of indoor air. The results were intended to define endpoints for remediation and management of subsurface media.

Orange and Rockland Utilities, Former MGP Site, Fish and Wildlife Impact Analysis, New York. Performed a FWIA in support of a remedial investigation (RI) for a former manufactured gas plant (MGP) located in Port Jervis, New York. Evaluation included qualitative habitat assessment of the adjacent Delaware River in-stream wildlife/fish resources and riparian corridor including a description of fish and wildlife resource value, human resource value, identification of applicable regulatory criteria, and a contaminant specific impact assessment. The impact assessment included evaluation of the groundwater pathway to the river and potential associated surface water/sediment impacts. The results of the assessment were used in consideration of remedial objective for the site.

Pure Oil, Former Refinery Site, Ecological Risk Assessment, Oklahoma. Prepared a screening-level ecological risk assessment work plan and implemented the work plan to support a Remedial Investigation being conducted at the site. Evaluation included assessment of upland, riverine, and transitional wetland habitat and associated receptors. Investigation was focused on the evaluation of the adjacent river potentially affected by refinery sources. The results of the assessment were intended to define remedial goals for the site.

Seattle Gas Light Company, Former MGP Site, Ecological Risk Assessment Review, Washington. Provided technical review, comments and technical support for completion of aquatic ecological risk assessment in Seattle. The assessments specifically addressed risk to salmonid fish species from exposure to sediment/surface water adjacent to the site. The results of risk


assessment were intended to inform concerns regarding fishery health and define remedial goals for the site.

Seattle Gas Light Company, Former MGP Site, Environmental Toxicology of Chromium, Washington. A toxicological review of chromium was conducted to assess the potential for exposure and the toxicity to aquatic and benthic organisms from potential exposure to sediment chromium impacts. The evaluation included a focused review of chromium speciation and bioavailability. The results of the review were intended to support investigation/data needs and formulation of remedy decisions.

Sinclair, Operating Refinery, Ecological Risk Assessment, Wyoming. Conducted ecological risk assessment at an operating refinery located in Wyoming. Evaluation included assessment of upland, riverine, and lacustrine habitat and receptors. Investigation was focused on the evaluation of evaporation ponds affected by discharges from the refinery.

US Army Corps of Engineers (ACE-AK), Former Pipeline/Fuel Storage Facility, Human and Ecological Method 2 Evaluation, Alaska. Prepared screening level assessment to evaluate potential ecological and human health risk in support of a Remedial Investigation (RI) at the Tok facility. The evaluations were focused to Alaska DEC Method 2 protocol to identify chemicals of concern and compute cumulative risk estimates that assure that Method 2 cleanup goals and cumulative risk requirements are met.

USACE-AK, Haines-Fairbanks Pipeline, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, Alaska. Prepared and implemented two of three risk assessment work plans at Sears Creek Station (pump/transfer station) and Tok Fuel Terminal (former bulk storage facility) along the former Haines-Fairbanks Pipeline. Sears Creek Station and Tok Fuel Terminal assessments are in review-approval process. Conduct of the third risk assessment, for the Haines Fuel Terminal (the second of two bulk storage facilities), is expected to begin spring/summer 2018. The risk assessments are being conducted to evaluate potential ecological and human health risk from petroleum residuals and other facility-specific chemicals, including PCBs, dioxins/furans, pesticides, perfluorinated compounds and metals. Conduct of the risk assessments is in support of Remedial Investigations (RIs) being conducted at these facilities. The evaluations focus on Alaska DEC Method 4 protocols and ADEC defined ecological risk methods.

Department of Defense

US Navy, Formerly Used Defense Site, Ecological Scoping Evaluation, Amchitka, Alaska, 2017. Prepared and subsequently implemented a detailed sampling and analysis plan in support of a RI being conducted at a remote Aleutian Island FUDS. Upland and aquatic chemistry and habitat data were obtained, and results compiled to support development and refinement of the site conceptual site model in accordance with ADEC’s Ecoscoping process. The intent of ecoscoping is to focus subsequent risk evaluation (screening level ecological risk assessment) to terrestrial and aquatic habitats and receptors of greatest concern. The RI is currently in the review-approval process.

USACE-AK, Formerly Used Defense Site, Ecological Risk Assessment Work Plan and Ecological Risk Assessment, Tanaga and Ogliuga, Alaska. Prepared and subsequently implemented a screening level ecological risk assessment work plan to support a Remedial Investigation conducted at two remote Aluetian Island FUDS. The ecological risk assessment focused on


upland terrestrial and aquatic habitats and included assessment of terrestrial and aquatic birds, invertebrates and fish that are present on the islands. The results were intended to define remedial goals for the sites.

USACE-AK, Fort Babcock Formerly Used Defense Site, Sitka, Alaska, 2014. Lead ecological risk assessor providing support for preparation of ecological scoping materials in support of a Remedial Investigation (RI). The ecological scoping considers upland terrestrial and aquatic habitats and associated biota (terrestrial and aquatic birds, invertebrates and fish) that potentially occur in association with the FUDS.

USACE-AK, Yakutat AB Formerly Used Defense Site, Yakutat, Alaska, 2016. Lead ecological risk screening and supported CSM development using ADEC ERA Step 3 (SLERA) process. Provided refinements to CSM based on site information and used the ADEC ecoscoping risk screening process to establish an “off-ramp’ indicating that no further ecological evaluation was necessary. Worked with the HH risk assessor to develop ACLs for 11 petroleum hydrocarbon sites, resulting in NFA for 10 of the sites.

USACE-AK, AVGAS Hill Navy-Army Formerly Used Defense Site, Kodiak, Alaska, 2017. Lead ecological risk assessor for the Phase II RI at a remote FUDS with fuel/chlorinated solvent contamination. Provided refinement to CSM based on site information and used the ADEC ecoscoping process to establish an “off-ramp’ indicating that no further ecological evaluation was necessary.

USACE-AK, Sanak Island Formerly Used Defense Site, Sanak, Alaska, 2014 (on-going). Lead ecological risk assessor for preparation of screening level risk assessment to evaluate potential ecological and human health risk in support of a Remedial Investigation (RI). The ecological risk assessment was focused on upland terrestrial and aquatic habitats and included assessment of terrestrial and aquatic birds, invertebrates and fish that are present in association with the FUDS. Chemicals of potential concern included metals, petroleum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls.

US NAVY, Active Naval Air Station, Ecological Risk Assessment, California (On-going). Lead ecological risk assessor for tiered ecological risk assessment at a former chemical waste disposal area that includes a screening level risk assessment and Step 3a baseline risk assessment. The evaluation was conducted in accordance with a Federal Facility Site Remediation Agreement between the Navy and the state regulatory agency. Evaluation included assessment of upland risk to birds and mammals from soil and biota exposure, including evaluation of a a federal and state-listed endangered bird that nests at the site. Principle contaminants included metals, PCBs, and chlorinated solvents. Results of the risk assessment have been used to inform risk management decisions and focus remedial efforts to support continued wildlife use at the site. A second ecological risk assessment focused on the evaluation of marine resources adjacent to the facility is currently being conducted. The off shore evaluation is focused on migration and lateral transport of volatile organic chemicals, metals and chlorinated pesticides via groundwater to surface water/sediment and evaluation of aquatic and benthic organisms.

Manufacturing and Construction

ACF Industries, Active Manufacturing Site, Fate and Transport Evaluation, Oregon. Prepared lateral transport evaluation for an active manufacturing facility in Oregon as a result of a product spill. Estimated downgradient transport and attenuation of diesel range organics in subsurface media based upon risk-


based target concentrations. The results were intended to define endpoints for remediation and management of site media.

City of College Station, Environmental Toxicology of Termiticides, Texas. Prepared a toxicological literature review of termiticides commonly used in new home construction, developed an expert opinion as to how water supply piping (cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) was potentially contaminated by termiticide, and provided an estimate for potential risk based on comparison of site data to state and federal protective drinking water levels. Results were intended to assist in developing policy and best practices for local builders, pesticide applicators, and plumbers.

Evraz Oregon Steel, Active Steel Plant, Human Health Risk Assessment, Oregon. Prepared a human health risk assessment subsequent to submittal and approval of 2010 work plan in support of an ongoing Remedial investigation (RI) at an active facility. The risk assessment d included evaluation of industrial and construction/excavation workers from exposure to site soil, and Fate and Transport evaluation (Leaching and Lateral Transport) of subsurface (soil and groundwater) constituents. The risk assessment was intended to identify potential risks and significant migration pathways and provide the information necessary to define appropriate remedial options and/or define additional data needs.

Lafarge, Former Cement Plant, Risk Assessment, Texas. Prepared screening level human health risk assessment at closed industrial landfill containing cement kiln dust. Evaluated risk to current and future residential and recreational receptors potentially exposed to site soils. The risk assessment was intended to define appropriate risk-based endpoints for remediation.

Pipeline Risk Assessment

US Bureau of Land Management, Bakkenline Pipeline Risk Assessment and Environmental Consequence Analysis, North Dakota. Provided technical review and support for pipeline risk assessment (PRA) and environmental consequence analysis (ECA) being developed for a proposed pipeline routed through multiple counties. Involvement included review and verification of incident frequency and spill volume estimation, and consequence analysis. The report is intended to inform preliminary planning decisions regarding the type and routing of the proposed pipeline.

US Bureau of Land Management, Bear Den Pipeline Risk Assessment and Environmental Consequence Analysis, North Dakota. Provided technical review and support for pipeline risk assessment (PRA) and environmental consequence analysis (ECA) being developed for a proposed pipeline routed through multiple counties. Involvement included review and verification of incident frequency and spill volume estimation, and consequence analysis. The report is intended to inform preliminary planning decisions regarding the type and routing of the proposed pipeline.

Publications

Pinnella, K.; B. Cranmer; J. Tessari; G. Cosma. Detection of Catecholestrogens by Gas Chromatography/Electron-Capture (GC-ECD). The Toxicologist, Vol. 48, No. 1-S, Abstract 433, p. 92, March 1999.

Painter, J.; K. Pinnella; J. Tessari; G. Cosma; S. Benjamin. Role of Oxygen Free Radicals in PCB and Dioxin Carcinogenesis. The Toxicologist. Vol. 49, No. 1-S,


Abstract 944, p. 201, March 2000.

Pinnella, K.; B. Cranmer; G. Cosma; D. Veeramachaneni; J. Tessari. Gas Chromatographic Determination of Catecholestrogens Following Isolation by Solid Phase Extraction. Journal of Chromatography, Biomedical Applications. Vol 758 (2), pp 145-152. June 2001.

Painter, J.; K. Pinnella; J. Tessari; G. Cosma; and S. Benjamin, 2001. “Hepatic Enzyme Induction and Estrogen Metabolism in PCB-Exposed Rats”, in: PCBs, The University Press of Kentucky. Robertson and Hansen, eds. 2001.

Michael Rankin

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Michael Rankin, RPBio, CSAP Principal Consultant – Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment

Education

M.Sc. Environmental Toxicology, University of Waterloo, 1987

B.Sc. Marine Biology (Honours), University of Guelph, 1983

Years of Experience


Licenses/Registrations

Professional Biologist, (currently active)


Registered Professional Biologist, College of Applied Biology, BC, (2010, currently active)


Contaminated Sites Approved Professional – Risk Specialist CSAP Society of BC (2013, currently active)

Work History

03/2012 - Present, AECOM, Risk Assessment Group Leader Burnaby, BC

03/2009 – 03/2012, Independent Consultant, Proprietor/Senior Toxicologist and Risk Assessment, Vancouver, BC

09/1993- 03/2009, Golder Associates Ltd, Associate, Senior Toxicologist/Risk Assessor, Burnaby, BC

09/1988 – 08/1993, Dow Chemical Canada, Corporate Toxicologist Sarnia, Ontario

09/1987 – 09/1988, Environmental Applications Group Toxicologist, Richmond Hill, Ontario.

Summary

Mr. Rankin has over 30 years of Canadian and international consulting and industrial experience in human and ecological toxicology and contaminant health risk assessment. He is Risk Assessment Group Leader for AECOM Canada West, and Lead Verifier Auditor for AECOM Environment Canada. He is a Registered Professional Biologist and a member of the BC Roster of Contaminated Sites Approved Processionals (CSAP-Risk Specialist). Mr. Rankin has developed risk assessment government policy and training regarding abandoned mines to regulators in Peru and Chile. His practice focuses on risk assessment/management, remedial options and sustainability decisions in the context of human, terrestrial, and aquatic receptors. He is an experienced leader of multidisciplinary teams resolving regulatory and environmental contaminant issues including mine closure risk assessments in Canada and South America, environmental contaminated site risk assessment/management, social impact assessment (mining, LNG, oil sands), risk communication, regulatory policy and guidance manuals, instructor of environmental risk assessment, and regulatory/corporate toxicology reviews. Mr. Rankin's graduate work focussed on aquatic toxicity of trivalent inorganic arsenic. He has conducted numerous ecological and human health risk assessments involving mine-related contamination from various metals including iron, arsenic, manganese; in addition these same three metals are frequently assessed in Canada as a result of their mobilization from soil to groundwater due to redox changes brought about by spills of petroleum hydrocarbons. He has also conducted investigation using advanced sampling techniques and risk assessment of sediment contamination in major rivers including the Fraser River in Vancouver, BC, Canada. His international work includes Peru, Chile, USA, Cuba, Guatemala, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Madagascar, and Tanzania.

Project Experience

1. LATAM and Other International Mining - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment Experience

Risk Assessment for Due Diligence of Mine, Chile. Task director and senior reviewer of human health and ecological risk assessment conducted in support of environmental due diligence for closed mine near Copiapo, Chile. The study identified sampling and data requirements. Substances of potential concern were identified as well as various exposure scenarios and potential interactions between water, soil, air, and humans, terrestrial wildlife, and aquatic biota. Principles of environmental risk assessment were applied to evaluate whether significant health impacts could arise from the current state of the temporarily closed mine, and to make recommendations for remediation measures where warranted. [06/2007 – 12/2007]

Site-specific Risk-based Water Quality Objectives for a Polymetalic Mine, Peru. Designed and directed study for the Antamina mine, a large polymetalic mine in Peru to derive risk-based water quality objectives to protect receiving water quality. The undertaking involved site reconnaissance of mine operations, interaction with local alpine communities to resolve types of water usage, and potential exposure scenarios associated with surface waters for humans, fish, crops, and livestock. Developed quantitative exposure model and employed risk assessment principles as well as geochemical modelling to identify

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contaminants of concern, and derive risk-based water concentrations that would protect the various water uses and exposure scenarios that exist. [10/2005 – 03/2006]

Canadian International Development Agency, Human Health Risk Assessment – Arsenic Mine Tailings, San Mateo, Peru. The community of Glorietta, near the Andean village of San Mateo, in Peru has been contaminated by high levels of soil arsenic due to mine tailings placed within 100 meters. As a senior risk assessor under the CIDA-sponsored program PERCAN, conducted a scoping mission to explore an approach to resolve the controversial and high profile issues. Designed and presented the risk assessment approach to residents and Peru’s Ministry of Energy and Mines, and implemented a preliminary and supplemental site investigation. [05/2004-02/2005]

Compañía Minera Raura S.A., Derivation of Site-Specific Zinc Water Criterion, Tinquicocha Lake, Peru. Retained by Raura to develop a site specific environmental standard for zinc for protection of aquatic life in Tinquicocha Lake. Site-specific standard determined by weight of evidence from conducting bioassays including water effects ratio testing (WER) with site water from Tinquicocha Lake; literature review of zinc aquatic toxicity data; and consideration of site chemistry monitoring data; and local aquatic ecology. Bioassays included an acute 96-h rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) test; an acute freshwater midge (Chironomus tentans) test; a sub-chronic sac-fry/swimup fry rainbow trout growth test; and Ceriodaphnia dubia bioassay to account for the presence of these sensitive invertebrates in the lake. Result was a more rationalized water quality criterion recommended to regulators, and to which the mine would adhere. [10/2006 – 02/2007]

Confidential Client, Review of Human Health Toxicology of Nickel. Senior reviewer and project advisor for toxicological review of health effects caused by nickel in the work place as well as to public receptors. Work included literature search of major toxicological databases, investigation of international agencies and their policies towards nickel exposure, exposure limits, threshold effects levels, and restrictions. [10/2007 – 06/2008]

World Bank, Human Health Risk Assessment, Lead-Zinc Mine Tailings, Mojkovac, Montenegro. Senior advisor and risk reviewer for a human health risk assessment of a community adjacent to a tailings management facility with elevated levels of zinc and lead. Although capped, areas of the tailings are open to contaminant transport and residents have close interaction with the facility. Conducted multi-media screening level risk assessment to assist the World Bank in addressing the community issues and potential for risk management. [12/2004-02/2005]

Human Health Risk Assessment Work Plan, Mine Smelter, La Oroya, Peru. The Doe Run Peru smelter is located in the Andean community of La Oroya, Peru and is controversial due to high levels of blood lead in local residents. As senior risk assessor, reviewed existing data and preliminary risk calculations, conducted site reconnaissance, met with resident stakeholders and responsible parties, and subsequently developed and presented theories on exposure pathways and work plan for a detailed risk assessment to address multi-media exposures of lead, arsenic, and other metals. [05/2003-12/2004]

Human Health Risk Assessment, Mine Tailings Redevelopment, Salt Lake City, Utah. Senior risk assessor for assessment to support a real estate transaction and liability evaluation for development of residential lands on a former mine site in the vicinity of Salt Lake City. Conducted risk-based calculations per state agency requirements to derive acceptable soil contaminants levels for arsenic and lead based on multi-media pathway exposure for children. [07/2002 – 08/2002]

Toxicological and Assessment, Marine Shore Mine Tailings, Marcona, Peru. As project manager, developed and conducted a program to assess impact and remediation needs respecting historic placement of tailings on 2km of marine shoreline in Southern Peru (Shougang Iron Mine). Set up on-site toxicity lab, conducted a scuba survey, and sampled water in the surf zone, sediments, and porewater, as well as extracts of tailings. Provided recommendations respecting the Peruvian regulatory environmental management plan (PAMA). [07/2001 – 02/2002]

2. Mining EIA - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment Experience

Mining EIA Quantitative Probabilistic Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment for EIA of Proposed Coal Mine. British Columbia. Discipline team lead (risk assessment) conducting a probabilistic multi-media exposure risk assessment to quantify potential health impacts to First Nations traditional land users and ecological receptors in the vicinity of a proposed coal mine. Relying on other field teams to assess and provide baseline data and predicted air quality data. HHERA involves predicting future contaminant levels in berries, medicinal plants, wild game and bird consumed by First Nations. Complex site-specific foodweb and exposure models for human and ecological receptors have been developed using the GoldSim modelling platform for baseline, project operation, and cumulative exposure scenarios incorporating traditional food consumption, soil exposure, multiyear air dispersion models, particulate inhalation and locally relevant ecological wildlife/aquatic receptors. . (04/19 – on-going)

Mining EIA - Quantitative Probabilistic Human Health Risk Assessment for EIA of Proposed Iron Mine in Northern Labrador. Discipline team lead (risk assessment) which conducted a probabilistic multi-media exposure risk assessment to quantify potential health impacts to First Nations traditional land users in the vicinity of a proposed iron mine. Field sampling conducted to assess baseline and to predict future contaminant levels in berries, medicinal plants, wild game and bird consumed by First Nations. Complex exposure models were developed using the GoldSim modelling platform for baseline, project operation, and cumulative exposure scenarios incorporating traditional food consumption, soil exposure, multiyear air

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dispersion models, and particulate inhalation. Probabilistic results were generated for spatially explicit receptors at critical location (i.e. nearby towns, fishing camps, and worker camps). (06/15 – 09/15)

Mining EIA - Risk Assessment to Support Environmental Impact Assessment of Proposed Rare Earth Element Mine, Quebec. Quest Rare Minerals Ltd. Risk discipline director and senior reviewer of human health risk assessment conducted in support of EIA for a proposed REE mine in northern Quebec. Directing initial baseline sampling and data quality objectives, interfacing and directing other discipline teams assessing water quality, air quality, geochemical conditions, and social issues. Identified substances of potential concern (REEs, metals, radionuclides) as well as various exposure scenarios and potential interactions with water, soil, air, crops, livestock, and fish. Principles of environmental risk assessment were designed to evaluate whether significant human health or ecological impacts could arise from the proposed mine. [07/2012 – 01/2013]

Mining EIA - Risk Assessment to Support Environmental Impact Assessment of Proposed Niobium Mine, British Columbia. Taseko Mines. Risk discipline director and senior reviewer of human health risk assessment conducted in support of EIA for a proposed niobium mine in northern BC. Supported initial baseline sampling and data quality objectives, interfacing and directing other discipline teams assessing water quality, air quality, geochemical conditions, and social issues. Substances of potential concern were identified as well as various exposure scenarios and potential interactions with water, soil, air, crops, livestock, and fish. Principles of environmental risk assessment designed to evaluate whether significant human health or ecological impacts could arise from the proposed mine. [06/2012 – 07/2013]

Mining EIA - Preliminary Impact Scoping of a Proposed Mine Expansion and Proposed Marine Effluent Discharge, Guatemala. Senior investigator for preliminary evaluation of possible impacts that may arise from (i) discharge of treated mine effluent to the marine coast, or (ii) discharge to a local lake at a proposed expansion of a nickel laterite mine processing plant in Guatemala. Evaluation included consideration of major ion toxicity for marine organisms, development of a marine effluent pipeline and diffuser, definition of mixing zone, and key aspect of potential adverse chemistry for marine and freshwater receptors. [04/2006- 08/2006]

Mining EIA - Risk Assessment to Support Environmental Impact Assessment of Proposed Mine, Tanzania. Task director and senior reviewer of human health risk assessment conducted in support of EIA for a proposed mine in Tanzania. The undertaking identified initial baseline sampling and data requirements. Information integrated with modelled data generated with other technical teams assessing water quality, air quality, geochemical conditions, social issues, mine design, and forecasted operations. Identified substances of potential concern as well as various exposure scenarios and potential interactions with water, soil, air, crops, livestock, and fish. Principles of environmental risk assessment were used to evaluate whether significant health impacts could arise from the proposed mine or from cumulative effects of the proposed mine plus other anthropogenic factors affecting environmental quality. [10/2007 – 01/2009]

Mining EIA - Risk Assessment to Support Environmental Impact Assessment of Proposed Mine, Madagascar. Task director and senior reviewer of human health risk assessment conducted in support of EIA for a proposed mine in Madagascar. The undertaking identified initial baseline sampling and data requirements. This information was integrated with modeled data generated with other technical teams assessing water quality, air quality, geochemical conditions, social issues, mine design, and forecasted operations. Identified substances of potential concern as well as various exposure scenarios and potential interactions with water, soil, air, crops, livestock, and fish. Applied principles of environmental risk assessment to evaluate whether significant health impacts could arise from the proposed mine or from cumulative effects of the proposed mine plus other anthropogenic factors affecting environmental quality. [06/2005 - 01/2006]

3. Representative Mine Site and Contaminated Site Experience

Orica Portfolio Risk Management of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and ANFO Explosives Waste [BC CSR Approved Professional] – Various Teck Mine Sites BC/Alberta. Project Director, Senior Toxicologist and Risk Reviewer for portfolio of bulk explosive manufacturing sites at various coal mines; sites contain ammonium nitrate-diesel fuel oil (ANFO) explosive wastes, leaked diesel product and associated dissolved PHC contamination. Activities include developing regulatory strategy to obtain compliance and regulatory closure within BC and Alberta, detailed site investigation, contaminant delineation, conceptual site models, interfacing with multiple responsible parties and regulators, devising risk-based management strategies and HHERAs (in progress) assessments to support regulatory approvals. Update client on environmental liability for fiscal planning and site management. Historical contamination at these sites includes diesel/gasoline hydrocarbons, metals, PAHs, and ammonia/nitrate in soil, sediment, surface water, waste water pond sludge, and groundwater. (04/13 – on going).

Expert Review of Risk Assessment/Remediation Plan for a Historical Coal Mine on a First Nations Reserve, Nanaimo, BC. Indigenous Affairs and Northern Development Canada (INAC) [FCSAP]. Providing third party senior review and guidance to INAC to aid development and implementation of a risk-based remediation and management plan of a historical coal mine that operated on a First Nations reserve from 1913 - 1939. The site contains improperly abandoned mine workings and a large volume of waste coal, which impedes residential development on the Reserve. (Phase I: 02/2016 – 03/2016; Phase II: 04/2016 – on going).

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Toquaht Bay Marina and Campground Site, Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations (MFLNRO), Barkley Sound, BC. [BC CSR]. The remote Toquaht Bay marina and campground, owned by the Toquaht Nation, are situated on historical iron pyrite mine tailings that form the beach and intertidal area, and extend subtidally. The tailings contain very high levels of arsenic and iron posing a “high risk” classification and requiring interim site closure. AECOM was retained by Province of BC Crown Lands to complete a detailed site investigation; a rapid human health screening level risk assessment to defensibly support safe reopening of select areas, a preliminary evaluation of coastal processes and scour potential, and a screening evaluation of remedial alternatives and costs to support resolution of this Crown liability under the BC Environmental Management Act. Conducted a site reconnaissance of campground, beach, and intertidal tailings deposit, reviewed existing reports, assisted in gap analysis and reviewed sampling plan. Interfaced with government client representatives and AECOM investigation team on data needed for risk-based approach including arsenic speciation, transect locations, data quality objectives. Reviewed field results and preliminary human health risk assessment to assess human exposure to contaminants located in the marina portion of the site. Evaluated shellfish contaminants employed in risk calculations to support risk management decisions and interim institutional controls to manage human health risks. (02/13 – ongoing)

Evaluation of First Nations Historic Sawmill and Landfill for Ecological Risks, Maple Ridge, British Columbia [AANDC]. Expert advisor and risk assessor collaborating with Enterprise Geoscience Services project team for major commercial development addressing historic operation of unpermitted dumpsite on First Nations lands. This is a large site adjacent to the Fraser River to be developed into a shopping mall. Issues included groundwater and surface water transport to the Fraser River, evaluation of existing Fraser River foreshore sediment conditions, remediation strategies for containment/treatment, and ecological risk management. [08/2010-07/2011]

External Expert Risk Reviewer for Federal Agency. Greater Vancouver, BC. [AANDC] Expert Advisor and Third Party Risk Reviewer collaborating with Enterprise Geoscience Services project team concerning contaminated site and adjacent landfill on First Nations land in Greater Vancouver area. Issues involved diverse historic contamination and contamination derived from upland landfill operation which posed risks to adjacent water body. Scope included technical critique of third party risk assessment for respecting terrestrial and aquatic risks, groundwater contaminant transport, terrestrial food chain modelling, derivation of wildlife toxicity reference values, Federal regulations and risk assessment policy. (03/11 – 09/11).

Risk Assessment of a Coal Mine for Closure, Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia. Expert advisor for human health and ecological risk assessment of a complex coal mine in the process of reclamation and closure. The site will be returned as crown land to the province of British Columbia; consequently, this is the first mine site to formally follow the contaminated sites regulations for transfer to the province. Environmental risk assessment forms the basis for achieving approval and guiding site remediation. [07/2006 – 01/2009]

Quantitative Risk Assessment of Bear Creek Mine Complex, Dawson City, Yukon. Parks Canada and PWGSC. [FCSAP] Senior Risk Reviewer for assessment of Parks Canada historical mining site near Dawson City being converted to tourist operation for heritage value. The site contains areas of metals, BTEX and petroleum hydrocarbon contamination that can be potentially accessed by local residents, workers, tourists and local wildlife. Human health risk assessment considered surficial soil contact and existing buildings and exposure potential by indoor vapour infiltration. Objective was to assess risk to potential human and ecological receptors and identify conceptual remediation options. Remedial options and risk management recommendations were made to support future tourist usage. (10/12 – 04/13).

Site-Specific Water Quality Objectives, Premier Gold Project, Stewart, British Columbia. Project director and principal investigator for development of approach, toxicity data analysis, and derivation of site-specific water quality objectives for copper, cadmium, and zinc that are discharged from historical closed mine where tailings upland to a creek leach metals following snow melt. After deriving the evidenced based site-specific water objectives, a presentation was made to Alaska’s Department of Environment to negotiate a trans-border agreement because the surface waters eventually discharge to a river in Alaska. The proposed water quality objectives were supported by Alaskan regulators. Subsequent to establishing the site specific water quality objectives, Mr. Rankin assisted in development of a conceptual hydrologic model using the software platform GoldSim to enable prediction of seasonal snowmelt dynamics and in-stream metal concentrations, which aided real-time management decisions on regulatory compliance with the new site-specific water quality objectives. [01/2000–11/2001, 02/2003–04/2004, 09/2004–02/2005]

British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture and Lands - Crown Land Restoration and Opportunities Branch, Emerald Glacier Mill & Tailings Site - Phase 1 Remediation, Houston, British Columbia. Senior risk assessor for a detailed human health and ecological risk assessment of residual contaminants expected to remain at an abandoned mill site after proposed remedial actions are carried out. Primary mine related contaminants of concern were arsenic, copper, lead and zinc. The objectives of the risk assessment were to determine whether proposed remedial actions were sufficiently protective of human and ecological health in order to guide further remedial development and site management decisions. Scenarios assessed included traditional land users who consume game species and locally sourced drinking water. Food web modelling and directly measured exposure point concentrations were incorporated into the dose estimates. [06/2012-12/2013]

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Public Works and Government Services Canada - Colomac Mine Site - Adaptive Hydrocarbon Monitoring Program 2013. Senior reviewer of Problem Formulation and human health risk assessment as a result of hydrocarbon contamination at the Colomac Mine Site, NWT. [05/2015-06/2015]

Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment Military Site, Resolution Island, Nunavut. As project manager, designed and conducted a human health and ecological risk assessment to guide the risk management strategy for a contaminated military site in the Canadian Arctic, under jurisdiction of Indian and Northern Affairs. Established that current remedial measures, together with minimal human activity at the site, virtually eliminated potential human exposure and that the driving issue at the site was ecological, based on polar bear and Canadian Goose frequenting the site at limited times of the year. Established a time-weighted procedure to integrate exposure over various areas of the site. The early warning defence communication station, BAF-5, at Resolution Island, contains various contaminants including PCBs, petroleum hydrocarbons, lead, and cobalt. [02/1997 – 05/1997]

Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment Military Site, Resolution Island, Nunavut. Senior reviewer for Problem Formulation of an 2015 update for human health and ecological risk assessment to guide supplemental risk management a contaminated military site in the Canadian Arctic, under jurisdiction of Indian and Northern Affairs. [11/2015 – 12/2015]

Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment, Military Site, Northern British Columbia. Senior risk assessor conducted site reconnaissance, data analysis, and collaborated in human health and ecological risk assessment of DDT contamination at an abandoned former US military site in northern British Columbia. The site contained abandoned drums of DDT product that had historically leached. Due to a lack of BC regulatory DDT standards at the time, the risk assessment work was used by BC regulators as the basis to develop a Director’s Interim Standard for DDT. [06/1997 – 08/1997]

Community-Level Human Health Risk Assessment, Mine Tailings, Wells, British Columbia. Senior Reviewer. The town of Wells is the site of two former gold mines and is partly built on the old tailings containing arsenic. As senior reviewer addressed health concerns for 250 residents using probabilistic human health risk assessment and contributed to risk-based remediation plan. [09/1993 – 11/1993]

4. Policy Development Related to Risk Assessment of Mines (Canada and International)

Government of Mongolia, Revision of Mongolian Law on Environmental Impact Assessment to Embrace Risk Assessment of Significant New Project, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Expert advisor and author to revise regulation on risk assessment for the government. Merging of environmental risk assessment with the Mongolian Law on EIA. [11/2009 – 04/2010]

Risk-Based Management Strategy for Abandoned Mines, Peru. Expert advisor on PerCan (CIDA) team working with Peruvian regulators to develop a strategy that employs screening level risk assessment and scoring system to prioritize abandoned mines for further risk management activities. Approach considered sensitivity and vulnerability of watersheds, population density, land uses, and also physical and chemical hazards at individual abandoned mines. [10/2006 – 05/2007]

Risk-Based Management Strategy for Abandoned Mines, Chile. Expert advisor on a team working with Chilean regulators to develop a strategy that employs screening level and detailed human and ecological risk assessment, as well as failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) to address remediation of orphaned mine sites in Chile. The approach included a strategy in prioritizing sites that required corrective action. This was a novel approach which merged principles of classic environmental risk assessment with the FMECA approach, another classic risk tool used in mining to help direct and prioritize risk-based remediation of numerous abandoned mines. [10/2005 – 05/2006]

Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines, Washington, DC. This project supports the IFC in reviewing and developing environmental health and safety (EHS) guidelines documents for various industry-specific sectors including mining, wind power, geothermal power, power transmission and distribution, and general EHS issues. The guidelines documents are intended for use by IFC staff as well as project proponents and describe environmental issues respecting the industry sector in question and methods to resolve or manage them. The guideline document addresses all components of the project lifecycle. [09/2005 – 05/2006]

British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Water Quality Criteria for Cobalt, Victoria, British Columbia. Senior advisor for a literature review of toxicity data, design of laboratory bioassay program, interpretation of data, and co-authoring of report. [05/2003 –03/2004]

Risk Assessment Guidance Manual, Mining Sector, Victoria, British Columbia. As project manager/co-author, produced a provincial guidance working document for a framework and application of human and ecological risk assessment specifically targeted at the needs of the BC mining sector. The approach used classic environmental risk assessment framework, augmented with principles of failure mode effects analysis, and a tiered approach to gathering weight of evidence for impacts. [09/2001–10/2002]

Province of British Columbia, Guidelines Document on Soil and Water Criteria for Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Victoria, British Columbia. Developed and co-authored a guidelines document for the province of British Columbia respecting the

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implementation of environmental criteria for complex mixtures of petroleum hydrocarbons. The principles employed use of surrogates for various fractionations of petroleum hydrocarbon products such as crude, kerosene, and jet fuel. The principles considered fate and transport properties of the surrogate hydrocarbons in soil and water. For water criteria, the approach used principles of narcosis and critical body residues to define critical water concentrations. [10/1994–06/1995]

Department of National Defence, Risk Assessment and Management Framework Document, Ottawa, Ontario. As senior advisor/co-author, developed a framework for the investigation, risk assessment, and remediation of contaminated sites. [04/1996 – 07/1996]

Environment Canada, Toxicity Interpretation Guidance Manual, Ottawa, Ontario. As senior investigator/author, produced a national guidance document on the application and interpretation of toxicological data for environmental protection. The project culminated in a 350-page manual, aimed at a broad audience, which provided comprehensive guidance on interpretation of ecotoxicological data as well as on the application of such data within seven major programs of Environment Canada. [01/1995–06/1996]

Health Canada, Development of National Risk Assessment Guidance Document, Ottawa, Ontario. As project manager/co-author, developed a guidance document on human health risk assessment for exposure to chemicals at contaminated sites. The guidance manual consisted of two volumes: Volume I provided detailed guidance on what a risk assessment should include and how it is implemented; and Volume II was a training manual that demonstrated the uses of human health risk assessments at contaminated sites through illustrations and case histories. The manuals described both the principles of contaminated site risk assessment, and the underlying principles of mammalian toxicology and extrapolation to humans which facilitate health risk assessment. [02/1994 – 04/1995]

5. Publications, Conferences, and Other Reports

“Risk-Based Remedial Planning For the Abandoned Emerald Glacier Mill and Tailing Site”. R.C. Dickin, M.Sc., P.Geo. CSAP, FGC., J. Phibbs, M.Sc.,R.P. Bio., M. Rankin, M.Sc., R.P. Bio., M. Sanborn, M.Sc., R.P. Bio., October 2014. B.C. Technical and Research Committee on Reclamation - 38th Annual Mine Reclamation Symposium, Prince George.

“Current trends in terrestrial ERA of Petroleum hydrocarbons and opportunities for improvement”, presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. November 2014. (M. Paliouras, M. Rankin and C. Harris)

“Abandoned Mines – Attempts to face the unwanted legacy in Chile,” paper presented at Securing the Future and 8th ICARD, June 23-26, 2009 (with Skellefteå, Sweden, Sven Renner, Roberto Ponce, Brian Griffin, Rosana Moraes, Manfred Dalheimer, and Maria Eugenia Parot)

“Abandoned Mines in Peru – Prioritization of Environmental Remediation,” proceedings of the Second International Seminar on Mine Closure, October 16-19, 2007. Presented at Mine Closure 2007. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Publisher (with A. Almenara, A. Rodriguez, and G.A. Tremblay)

“Evaluation of options for acid generating tailings deposited on an arid Peruvian Coast” proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, July 2003, Cairns, Australia (with Bertrand, V., R. Verburg, and F. Medina)

“Assessment of Arsenic-Contaminated Tailing in Yellowknife Bay: Implications to Long-term Environmental Management Options”, presented at the ARCSACC ’03 Conference, Edmonton, Alberta, 2003 (with V. Bertrand, J. Hull, and R. Connell)

“Ecological Risk Assessment of Metals and Acid Rock Drainage”, presented at the 5th Annual BC Metal and Acid Rock Drainage Workshop: Assessment and Management of the Risks Associated with Metal Leaching and Acid Rock Drainage at Minesites, Vancouver, British Columbia, December 9-10th, 1998 (with R. Verburg and R. Robinson)

“Ecological and human health risk assessment of DDT contamination at an abandoned military site in Northern British Columbia”, presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology and Chemistry, October 1997, San Francisco, California (with Bright, D.)

Sagar Thakali, Ph.D. Remediation/Risk Specialist

Overview

Dr. Thakali is a technical expert with over 10 years of experience in site investigations and remediation. He has been a technical lead on multifaceted remediation projects under federal and state and local jurisdiction, from study design for site characterization, to remedial strategies and design of complex post-remediation monitoring. Dr. Thakali has specialized expertise in development of consensus-based, multi-stakeholder remedial strategies involving ‘out of the box’, risk-based solutions. He routinely assists clients with environmental planning and scoping of alternate remedial goals, and represents them in regulatory meetings. He has developed successful strategies through incorporation of alternate fate and effects data, bioavailability evaluations, and environmental modelling. He has demonstrated experience in providing creative and practical solutions to address contaminated sediment, soil, groundwater, and surface water. Select Experience Mercury Site, South River, Virginia

Developed successful decision strategy to focus remediation needs driven by mercury-contaminated soil along a 2-mile stretch of the South River, VA. Successfully lead the development, application, and communication of watershed-scale statistical and relative risk models to support Enhanced Adaptive Management (EAM) of on-going bank remediation. The proposed EAM is a first of its kind to attempt quantification of remedial, social, and conservationist objectives.

Former Explosives Manufacturing Site, Connecticut Cultivated client and regulatory trust, managed expectations, and made significant progress in corrective actions at a 420-acre site, ongoing since 1990. Developed and applied separate risk-based remedial strategies for different areas, including residual-risk approach, beneficial re-use of lake sediment, and ecological and background considerations.

Former Gun Club Site, Connecticut Successfully proposed “Remediation through Restoration” for a coastal New England site where lead shot re-surfaced and sporadically concentrated at historically remediated intertidal areas due to erosional forces. Innovative remediation via restoration is underway using artificial reef balls and a living shoreline concept in collaboration with a local university.

Areas of Expertise Remedial Strategies Adaptive Management Conceptual Site Models Ecotoxicology and Bioavailability Risk Assessment Years of Experience

With URS/AECOM: 5 Years With Other Firms: 7 Years Certification 40HR OSHA HAZWOPER AECOM Project Management

Education Ph.D., Environmental Engineering, 2006 University of Delaware B.S., Civil & Environmental Engineering, 1999 Swarthmore College B.A., Economics, 1999 Swarthmore College

2

Results of a baseline ecological risk assessment supported the approach, but monitoring and validation is being planned.

Former Chemical Manufacturing Site, New Jersey Developed and implemented a phased and streamlined remedial action protocol (RAP) to delineate removal areas and depths for hydric soil (wetlands) and sediment (ditches) in an 1856-acre site adjacent to the Delaware River. Represented client in regulatory negotiation and consultation to address historical outfalls into the Delaware River; Phased and streamlined investigation is underway.

Other Remediation/Risk Experience: RCRA corrective action at sites in Alabama, Connecticut,

Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Technical lead on probabilistic risk assessment/remedial-decision making at mercury-impacted RCRA site in New Jersey.

Focused remedy at pesticide site (Elkton, Maryland). Developed risk-based sediment and soil remedial strategies

for metals, PCBs, and PAHs at various RCRA sites in Connecticut and Massachusetts.

Focused remediation goals through development of site-specific mercury Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC) for aquatic life.

Pharmaceuticals and Product Testing Support: Developed effluent guidelines for estrogenic constituents at

pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities in the US. Oversaw regulatory testing and prepared environmental

assessments to support Marketing Authorization FDA for several drugs.

Developed a chemistry scoring and ranking index for hydraulic fracturing constituents, products, and fluid systems based on the GHS; Managed and supported products registration under the USEPA’s Design for the Environment (DfE) program.

Litigation, Statistical, and Research Support: Managed field trial for in situ remediation of lead-

contaminated soils in residential areas and a dermal adherence testing for irregularly shaped contaminated materials to support realistic health risk assessment at a historical smelter site.

Lead statistical analysis of clinical studies on ozone and nitrogen dioxide with respect to National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

3

Provided strategic and technical support to litigation projects related to mesothelioma, asbestos, and radiation exposures.

Presentations Here I would list any posters or presentaions you authored or co-authored at SETAC and SMWG, or other conferences especially if they relate to remediation. For you Pubs, I would separate into two groups. One incudes the pubs I have flagged below; keep all ditoto pubs. The other would be the remainder which relate more to toxicology and derivation of standards. The focus should remain on remediation with an solid understanding of the chemistry.

Peer-Reviewed Publications Goodman, JE; Seeley, M; Mattuck, R; Thakali, S. 2015. “Do group responses mask the effects of air pollutants on potentially sensitive individuals in controlled human exposure studies?” Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 71(3):552–564.

Verslycke, T; Reid, K; Bowers, T; Thakali, S; Lewis, A; Sanders, J; Tuck, D. 2014. “The Chemistry Scoring Index (CSI): A Hazard-Based Scoring and Ranking Tool for Chemicals and Products Used in the Oil and Gas Industry.” Sustainability 6:3993-4009.

Wang, P; Kinraide, TB; Smolders, E; Zhou, DM; Menzies, NW; Thakali, S; Xia, W; Hao, X; Peijnenburg, W; Kopittke, P. 2013. “An electrostatic model predicting Cu and Ni toxicity to microbial processes in soils.” Soil Biology and Biochemistry 57: 720-730.

Mayfield, DM; Thakali, S; Mehler, TM; Lewis, AS. 2013. “Ecological effects of coal combustion products (CCPs): A literature review of observed effects and considerations for managing risks.” 2013 World of Coal Ash Conference (WOCA), April 22-25, 2013, Lexington, KY

Goodman, JE; Prueitt, RL; Thakali, S; Oller, AR. 2010. "The nickel ion bioavailability model of the carcinogenic potential of nickel-containing substances in the lung." Critical Reviews in Toxicology 41:142-174.

Goodman, JE; Chandalia, JK; Thakali, S; Seeley, M. 2009. "Meta-analysis of nitrogen dioxide exposure and airway hyper-responsiveness in asthmatics." Critical Reviews in Toxicology 39:719-742.

Goodman, JE; Dodge, DG; Prueitt, RL; Thakali, S. 2009. "Carcinogenicity assessment of water-soluble nickel compounds." Critical Reviews in Toxicology 39:365-417.

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Ponizovsky, AA; Thakali, S; Allen, HE; Di Toro, DM; Ackerman, AJ; Metzler, DM. 2008. "Effect of soil properties on nickel partitioning in soil solutions at low moisture content." Geoderma 145:69-76.

Thakali, S; Allen, HE; Di Toro. 2007. “Applying Terrestrial Biotic Ligand Model (TBLM) to Species Sensitivity Distributions.” In Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements: Environmental Protection, Remediation and Human Health. (Eds: Zhu, Y; Lepp, N; Naidu, R. Tsinghua), University Press, Peoples Republic of China.

Thakali, S; Allen, HE; Di Toro, DM; Ponizovsky, AA; Rooney, CP; Zhao, FJ; McGrath, SP. 2006. "A terrestrial biotic ligand model. 1. Development and application to Cu and Ni toxicities to barley root elongation in soils." Environmental Science and Technology 40:7085-7093.

Thakali, S; Allen, HE; Di Toro, DM; Ponizovsky, AA; Rooney, CP; Zhao, FJ; McGrath, SP; Criel, P; Van Eckout, H; Janssen, C; Oorts, K; Smolders, E. 2006. "Terrestrial biotic ligand model. 2. Application to Ni and Cu toxicities to plants, invertebrates, and microbes in soil." Environmental Science and Technology 40:7094-7100.

Ponizovsky, AA; Thakali, S; Allen, HE; Di Toro, DM; Ackerman, AJ. 2006. "Effect of soil properties on copper release in soil solutions at low moisture content." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25:671-682.

You, SJ; Thakali, S; Allen, HE. 2006. "Characteristics of soil organic matter (SOM) extracted using base with subsequent pH lowering and sequential pH extraction." Environment International 32:101-105.

Chronology 2013 – Present/URS-AECOM, Remediation Specialist 2006 – 2013/Gradient, Senior Scientist 2000-2006/University of Delaware, Research Associate Contact Information AECOM 625 West Ridge Pike, Suite E-100 Conshohocken, PA 19428 Tel/610.832.3500 Direct/610.832.3592 Fax/610.832.3501 [email protected]

Kelly A.S. Vosnakis Senior Human Health Risk Assessor Professional History

12/1995 - Present, AECOM Scientist 06/1994 - 08/1994, Environmental Protection Agency Intern

Education

MS, Civil and Environmental Engineering - Environmental Health, Tufts University, 2003 BA, Environmental Studies and Anthropology, State University of New York - Binghamton, 1995

Years of Experience


Kelly Vosnakis is a senior human health risk assessor in AECOM’s Capital Permitting & Natural Resources group. She has 25 years of experience in the field of human health risk assessment, specializing in multipathway risk assessment, contaminated sediment site risk assessment, cleanup level derivation, exposure dose modeling, and exposure point concentration modeling. Ms. Vosnakis has conducted risk assessments under Superfund, RCRA, and various state programs, including New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. She has worked on risk assessments in USEPA Regions I, II, III, IV, and V. Representative Project Experience PRP Group for Lower Passaic River Superfund Site, USEPA Region 2. Part of multi-consultant team performing RI/FS for 17-mile urban waterway in New Jersey. Prepared final baseline HHRA (approved 2017). Worked with FS and modeling team to evaluate risk reduction under remedial alternatives. Portland Harbor Pre-Remedial Design Group, USEPA Region 10. Conducted updated risk assessment using pre-remedial design investigation (PDI) data. Evaluated fish consumption rates for Native American subsistence angler populations. PRP Group, Anacostia River Sediment Project (ARSP), District of Columbia. Serving as risk assessment consultant for parties identified in the District’s Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study for the ARSP. Providing technical review and comment on District work products. Human Health Risk Assessment, Benning Road Site, Anacostia River, Washington DC. Performing baseline risk assessment at former power plant located on Anacostia River in Washington D.C. Evaluating risks posed by PCBs in fish tissue, as well as direct contact exposures to sediment, surface water, and landside soils and groundwater. Developed database of available fish sampling data. Paper Company, Northeast. Performed risk assessment for former paperboard manufacturer located on pond with PCBs and mercury contamination. Developed risk assessment work plan and performed site-specific risk assessment that included fish consumption and consideration of background conditions Confidential Client - Midwest Utility, Beneficial Use Demonstration. Conducted an evaluation to determine whether the potential use of fly ash, bottom ash, and synthetic gypsum as structural fill in a final cover system meets the fourth condition of beneficial use under the Final Coal

Combustion Residuals (CCR) rule. Evaluation included sampling and analysis of CCR materials as well as alternate fill materials. Statistical and risk evaluation methods were used to evaluate the data. A study was conducted to estimate potential constituent concentrations in a nearby river should there be any discharge. Chemicals of interest included arsenic and other metals as well as radionuclides. Prepared report, which documented that based on the evaluation, the use of the CCR materials as structural fill meets the definition of beneficial use under the Final CCR rule. Presented findings to utility management, internal counsel, and external counsel. Confidential Client - Southern Utility, Beneficial Use Demonstration. Conducted evaluation to determine whether the potential use of bottom ash to achieve positive drainage for stormwater prior to construction of a cap system meets the fourth condition of beneficial use under the Final Coal Combustion Residuals (CCR) rule. Evaluation included sampling and analysis of bottom ash as well as alternate fill materials. Statistical and risk evaluation methods were used to evaluate the data. A study was conducted to estimate potential constituent concentrations in a nearby river should there be any discharge. Chemicals of interest included arsenic and other metals as well as radionuclides. Prepared report, which documented that based on the evaluation, the use of bottom ash as proposed meets the definition of beneficial use under the final CCR rule. Responded to environmental group comments. Confidential Client - Southwest Utility, Beneficial Use Demonstration. Led an evaluation to determine whether the potential use of bottom ash as structural fill, in bridging and grade correction layers, drainage layers, or other fill applications meets the fourth condition of beneficial use under the Final Coal Combustion Residuals (CCR) rule. Evaluation included sampling and analysis of bottom ash as well as alternate fill materials. Statistical and risk evaluation methods were used to evaluate the data. Chemicals of interest included arsenic and other metals as well as radionuclides. Report was prepared, which documented that based on the evaluation, the use of the CCR materials as proposed meets the definition of beneficial use under the final CCR rule. Sauget Area 2 Sites Group, Superfund Risk Assessment, Sauget, Illinois. USEPA Region 5. Performed multipathway human health risk assessment conducted under Superfund regulations as part of a remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS). The documents were prepared under an administrative order on consent (AOC) with USEPA. Compounds of potential concern (COPCs) (75 total) included dioxins, PCBs, PAHs, VOCs, pesticides, and metals. A total of five receptors were evaluated over 10 exposure areas. Exposure point concentrations were developed for measured media (soil, sediment, surface water, groundwater, and fish tissue); air concentrations were modeled from groundwater to indoor air using the Johnson and Ettinger model and groundwater to outdoor air using the RBCA Toolkit software. An AECOM-developed model was used to estimate concentrations in trench air from standing water. The HHRA was approved by USEPA in December 2009. Sauget Area 2 Sites Group, Vapor Intrusion Evaluation, Sauget, Illinois. USEPA Region 5. Prepared work plan for soil gas sampling of 13 active commercial buildings. Conducted evaluation of vapor intrusion

pathway consistent with USEPA guidance, and prepared technical memorandum for submission to USEPA. Solutia, Inc., Sauget Area 1, Superfund Risk Assessment, Sauget and Cahokia, Illinois. USEPA Region 5. Supported the human health risk assessment (HHRA) for Sauget Area 1. The baseline HHRA was conducted in support of Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/CA) for soil, sediment, surface water, and air, and for the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) for groundwater. Primary chemicals of potential concern included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals. The HHRA was approved by USEPA Region V in November 2001. Conducted an HHRA in support of the Dead Creek Final Remedy EE/CA for the same site. The HHRA evaluated sediments in Dead Creek under post-remedial conditions, supporting the conclusion that no further actions were required to protect human health. The fish tissue pathway was evaluated in the baseline HHRA. The baseline HHRA concluded that potential risks for the fish ingestion pathway were acceptable prior to remediation and was therefore not included in the Dead Creek HHRA. The Record of Decision (ROD), approved by USEPA in September 2013, did not require any further action for the Creek. Solutia, Inc., Sauget Area 1, Vapor Intrusion Evaluation, Sauget and Cahokia, Illinois. USEPA Region 5. Conducted tiered evaluation of vapor intrusion pathway. Tier 1 consisted of evaluation of available data, and Tier 2 involved collection of soil vapor samples from buildings not screened out during Tier 2. Prepared technical memorandum for submission to USEPA. Pines Area of Investigation - Risk Assessment, Pines, Indiana. USEPA Region 5. Performed risk assessment for remedial investigation/feasibility study for the respondents of an administrative order on consent (AOC) administered as a Superfund-like site under the USEPA Region V Superfund program. The AOC addresses the placement of coal combustion by-products (CCBs) within a local permitted landfill and allegedly used as fill in other locations within the area of investigation. Chemicals of interest included arsenic, chromium, cobalt, iron, lead, manganese, other metals, and radionuclides. Prepared human health risk assessment, which has been approved by USEPA. Publications and presentations Vosnakis, Kelly A.S. and Perry, Elizabeth “Background Versus Risk-Based Screening Levels - An Examination of Arsenic Background Soil Concentrations in Seven States”. International Journal of Soil, Sediment, and Water. Volume 2, Issue 2. 2009. Also presented at the October 2008 UMASS Soils Conference, Amherst, MA. Bradley, L.J.N., and K.A. Sullivan. "Risk-Based Action Levels for Remediation Project Fence-Line Air Monitoring Programs." The Toxicologist. 72(S-1): 395. March, 2003. Bradley, L.J.N., and K.A. Sullivan. "Risk-Based Action Levels for Perimeter Monitoring Programs at MGP Sites." Paper presented at the October 2002 UMass Soils Conference, Amherst, MA.

Summary

Ms. Welshofer is a senior toxicologist on the technical staff at AECOM. Her experience areas include human health and ecological risk assessment, waste management, site inspections, environmental transport and fate modeling, NEPA, training, and pollution prevention. Ms. Welshofer has performed risk assessments in compliance with CERCLA, RCRA, and state level risk-based corrective action (RBCA) programs (e.g., Texas, Indiana, Illinois, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, and Utah).

Conducted numerous human health risk assessments for multiple Air Force Bases and commercial clients. Tasks included site evaluations, preparation of conceptual site models, review current human health toxicity information, fate and transport modeling, and calculation of cancer and non-cancer hazards from multi-media exposures. Worked in EPA Regions 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10 in Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Virginia, and Wyoming.

Experience

Client Name, Project Title, Project Location (Role). Project Dates, Project Cost. Start typing description of pr.

Risk Assessment

Project Toxicologist, Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) for Spring Valley Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS) in Washington, D.C., U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, 2013-present, FFP, 1.1 M. The Spring Valley FUDS consists of approximately 660 acres in the northwest section of Washington, DC, and encompasses approximately 1,600 private properties, including several embassies and foreign properties, as well as the American University (AU) and Wesley Seminary. During World War I, the U.S. Government established the American University Experiment Station (AEUS) to investigate the testing, production, and effects of noxious gases, antidotes, and protective masks. The AUES, located on the current grounds of AU, used additional property in the vicinity to conduct this research and develop chemical warfare materiel, including mustard and lewisite agents, as well as adamsite, irritants, and smokes. A baseline HHRA was conducted to address the groundwater and surface water media at the Spring Valley FUDS in accordance with EPA’s Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS) guidance documents. The Remedial Investigation and HHRA identified the following chemicals of potential concern (COPCs): arsenic, cobalt, manganese strontium, and perchlorate. The HHRA evaluated the following exposure scenarios: resident, AU student, indoor office worker, and outdoor worker. For current site conditions, it was assumes that the groundwater was used for watering lawns. For hypothetical future site conditions, it was assumed that the groundwater was used for potable

Gretchen Welshofer Senior Toxicologist

Areas of Expertise

Human Health Risk Assessments

Vapor Intrusion

Fate and Transport Modeling

Risk Communication

Training

Education

ME, Environmental Science, Miami University (Ohio), 1992

BA, Communication Management, University of Dayton, 1989

Years of Experience

With AECOM <1

With Other Firms 0

With URS 24

Professional Associations

ASTM International Informational Member


8-Hour Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), updated annually

ASTM Risk-Based Corrective Action for Chemical Releases, 2000

Excellence in Leadership, 1996

RCRA Subpart X Training, 1993

Radiation Worker Training, 1993

Project Management Training, 1992

Technical Writing Seminar, 1992

Quality Assurance, 1992

Applying the NEPA Process, 1992

40-hour OSHA, Health and Safety Training for Hazardous Waste Operations, 1991

Computer Assisted Cartography, 1990

carly

Rectangle

Client Name, Project Title, Project Location (Role). Project Dates, Project Cost. Start typing description of pr.

AECOM Gretchen Welshofer Page 2 of 10

Aerial Photo Interpretation, 1990 purposes, even though the city provides drinking water to the residents, students, and commercial/industrial properties.

Project Toxicologist, Human Health Risk Assessments for Parcels 07-14-07A&B in Oil City, PA, FFP, 58K; Former Rouseville Refinery Plant 1 AST Farm in Rouseville, PA, FFP, 980K; and Former Rouseville Refinery Plant 2 AST Farm in Oil City, PA; Shell Oil Products, 2013-present, US, FFP, 2M. Conducted human health risk assessments (HHRA) that are compliant with the requirements of 25 Pennsylvania Code (Pa. Code) §250.312 for sites remediated under the Statewide Health Standard (SHS) of the Pennsylvania Land Recycling and Remediation Standards Act of 1995 (Act 2) administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP). The Parcels HHRA addressed exposure to fuel-related constituents (e.g., BTEX) and RCRA metals in soil and groundwater for non-residential receptors (e.g., outdoor worker, construction worker, and trespasser).

Fuel-related contaminants and RCRA metals are also present in the soil, soil vapor, groundwater, and surface water at Plants 1 and 2; the former plant HHRAs addressed recreational exposure (e.g., hunting, fishing, hiking, swimming, etc.). The Plant 1 HHRA also addressed a hunting lodge residential scenario. Wild game and fish consumption exposure pathways were addressed using EPA’s Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol (HHRAP) for Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities guidance. Vapor intrusion exposure pathway was addressed using EPA’s Johnson and Ettinger model for hunting lodge resident and indoor worker exposure.

Project Toxicologist, Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) for Former Pennzoil-Quaker State Company Site in North Charleston, South Carolina, Pennzoil-Quaker State Company (PQS), T&M, 150K, 2015. The Site was historically operated by PQS as a lubricating and oil blending, packaging, and distribution facility. Investigation activities identified Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPL) and dissolved phase hydrocarbon at the Site; LNAPL source areas were removed in April and May 2013. However, the HHRA focused on the groundwater and surface water media wherein volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals were identified as the chemicals of potential concern. A site-specific dilution factor was calculated to estimate groundwater-to-surface water discharge to the Cooper River, an adjacent recreational water body. Recreational and worker exposure scenarios were addressed in the HHRA as well as a hypothetical resident in accordance with EPA’s Region 4 Human Health Risk Assessment Supplemental Guidance. Vapor intrusion exposure pathway was addressed using EPA’s Johnson and Ettinger model for the hypothetical resident and indoor worker exposure.

Project Toxicologist, Human Health Risk Assessments (HHRAs) for 74 South Main Street in Union City, PA; All American Hose at 217 Titusville Road in Union City, PA; and All American Hose at 6420 West Ridge Road in Erie, PA; Parker-Hannifin Corporation, 2014-2015, FFP, 40K. Conducted HHRAs that are compliant with the requirements of 25 Pennsylvania Code (Pa. Code) §250.312 for sites remediated under the Statewide Health Standard (SHS) of the Pennsylvania Land Recycling and Remediation Standards Act of 1995 (Act 2) administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP). The 217 Titusville HHRA addressed primarily metals in soil and groundwater. The 74 South Main Street and 6420 West Ridge Road HHRAs addressed volatile organic compounds (VOCs),


benzo(a)pyrene, and metals in soil and groundwater. All the HHRAs addressed non-residential receptors (e.g., outdoor worker, construction worker, and trespasser). The 6420 West Ridge Road HHRA also addressed a worst-case scenario for a construction worker working above a PCE groundwater plume and addressed potential off-site migration of VOCs for a hypothetical off-site resident. The HHRAs were conducted under the assumption that a Uniform Environmental Covenant (UEC) would be implemented to restrict the property to non-residential use and prohibit the use of on-Site groundwater.

Statistical Analysis Support, Statistical Analysis and Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report, Campbell’s Branch Residual Landfill located in Catlettsburg, Kentucky, Catlettsburg Refining, LLC, 2015, FFP, 26.5K. The project team is preparing four statistical analysis and quarterly monitoring reports for the Campbell’s Branch Residual Landfill in accordance with its Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection, Division of Waste Management (KDWM) permit requirements. Each report addresses groundwater and surface water media collected from the landfill. The groundwater analytical results are compared with federal drinking water maximum contaminant levels (MCLs), where available. Also, a statistical evaluation is conducted of all parameters without MCLs to evaluate the site’s permit compliance. The statistical analysis also compared downgradient data with upgradient data to determine whether a statistically significant increase over background has occurred.

The project team recommended to the client that the statistical approach should be revisited in light of current EPA guidance such as EPA’s statistical software ProUCL Version 5.0 User’s Guidance and the 2009 Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities, Unified Guidance. With the client’s approval, the project team compared the results of two statistical methods, Gehan and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney to provide the client and KDWM with technical feedback regarding the site’s groundwater and surface water monitoring, data handling, and trend analyses.

North Tract Apartments LLC, Site Characterization Report, Arlington Virginia, Project Toxicologist, 2008-2010, 27K. Prepared a Tier II human health risk assessment compliant with Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ) Voluntary Remediation Program (VRP). The site is a 2.12-acre parcel in Arlington, Virginia. Historical uses of the property include a concrete bulk mixing plant, an automotive storage yard, truck/vault washing operations, truck maintenance, use of heavy equipment, former underground storage tanks (USTs), and former aboveground storage tanks (ASTs). Contaminants were primarily petroleum products and heavy metals (arsenic, mercury, lead and chromium). Media evaluated include soil and groundwater.

Project Risk Assessor, Fort Meade PA/SI Reports, Risk-Based Screening and Cumulative Risk Evaluation, Baltimore Army Corps of Engineers, FFP (2008 to 2015). Worked with EPA Region 3 Toxicologist Jennifer Hubbard to develop the risk-based screening methodology for the project and provides toxicological support for the risk-based screening and cumulative risk/hazard evaluations that are conducted for the PA/SI sites at Fort Meade. The purpose of the risk evaluation is to identify what sites require further remedial investigation and what sites may move forward


with site closure.

Project Toxicologist, Vapor Intrusion Risk Assessment, Former Shell and Chevron Service Stations, Resource Environmental Limited Liability Corporation, Time and Materials, $1.2 M, 2009-2012. Conducted a human health risk assessment using vapor intrusion modeling as part of the soil vapor investigations performed at several former gasoline service stations located in Escondido, San Marcos, and San Ysidro, California. The County of San Diego Department of Environmental Health (DEH) Site Assessment and Mitigation (SAM) Division guidance was used to perform the assessments along with the latest version of the SAM Vapor Risk Assessment Model. Site contaminants were primarily BTEX and gasoline additives (e.g., MTBE).

Project Toxicologist, Human Health Risk Assessment, Trap and Skeet Range 17, Patuxent Research Refuge, Baltimore District Corps of Engineers, FFP, 2010-2014, $428K. Conducted a soils human health risk assessment for the Trap and Skeet Range site, as part of the RI/FS Report. The HHRA evaluated munition-related metals (e.g., arsenic, antimony, and lead) and lead shot contamination in soils. Adult lead modeling and IEUBK (child resident) modeling were performed. Also prepared the Proposed Plan and Record of Decision for the site. Ms. Welshofer organized the public meeting and presented the selected remedy.

Project Toxicologist, Human Health Risk Assessments, former Shell gasoline stations located in West Virginia, Shell Oil Products, Inc., Time and Materials, 100K, 2010-2014. Site Assessment (SA) Reports were prepared that investigated the possible occurrence of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil or groundwater for six former service stations located in West Virginia. Human health risk assessments were performed as part of the SA Reports in accordance with West Virginia guidance and applications were submitted to the West Virginia Voluntary Remediation Program (VRP) to close out the sites.

Project Toxicologist, Human Health Risk Assessment, Martin Maloney Chemical Laboratory at Catholic University, Baltimore District Corps of Engineers, 2008, $15K. Performed a human health risk assessment as part of a site investigation at the university chemical laboratory-Maloney Hall.. Arsenic concentrations in paint were evaluated to determine whether residual contamination remained from former chemical warfare materials research conducted in the laboratory.

Project Toxicologist, Risk Assessment, Manor View Dump Site and Former Pesticide site, Fort Meade, MD, Baltimore District Corps of Engineers, FFP, 80K, June 2006-October 2007. Prepared baseline human health risk assessment as part of remedial investigation for an army dump site and a former pesticide site using RAGS Part D table format. Vapor intrusion into indoor air was the primary issue at the army dump site where high levels of methane and other volatiles resulted in the closure of a neighboring elementary school and apartment complex. Other media evaluated at the Manor View Dump site include soil, groundwater, and ambient air. Fate and transport modeling included Foster and Chrostowski shower model, soil-to-air modeling, and groundwater to ambient air modeling. The former pesticide site was in operation for 20 years. Media evaluated in the baseline risk assessment include soil, groundwater, ambient air, and indoor air exposure. Fate and transport


modeling included Foster and Chrostowski shower model, soil-to-air modeling, Johnson and Ettinger modeling (vapor intrusion into indoor air), and groundwater to ambient air modeling.

Project Toxicologist, Risk Assessment, Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment, Cook Composites and Polymers Co., Chatham, VA, FFP, 400K, March 2006-2007. Prepared baseline human health risk assessment as part of a Phase II RCRA facility investigation report for four areas of concern (AOC) using RAGS Part D table format. Media evaluated at the site include soil, groundwater, and indoor air. Fate and transport modeling included Johnson and Ettinger modeling (vapor intrusion into indoor air), Foster and Chrostowski shower model, soil-to-air modeling, and groundwater to ambient air modeling. Primary contaminants were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), acetone, and priority pollutant metals.

Project Toxicologist, Risk Assessment, Chanute AFB, Rantoul, IL, AFCEE, T&M, 40M, 2003-2007. Developed base-specific preliminary remediation goals (PRGs) for the project. Also wrote text and built spreadsheets to perform the environmental transport and fate modeling procedures for the human health risk assessment. Built both ecological and human health calculation tools to perform SLERA and baseline human health risk assessments. The human health tool uses EPA Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS) Part D table format. The tools will quickly automate the calculations and enable URS to produce risk assessments within schedule. Over 50 human health risk assessments were prepared and approved by Illinois and U.S EPA.

Project Toxicologist, Risk Assessment, Salt Lake City, UT, Confidential Client, 2000-2001, Cost: 10K. Fulfilled the requirements of Utah Administrative Code R315.101 for both human health and ecological risk assessment. Project included utilizing statistical evaluation of the data, use of the lead model, and standard ecological and human health risk assessment requirements.

Project Toxicologist, RCRA Facility Investigation, Tulsa District USACE, Little Rock AFB, Little Rock, AR, FFP, 15M, 2001-2008. Provided human health and ecological screening risk support for RCRA Facility Investigation. Developed base-specific screening levels to be used in screening process. Also built both ecological and human health calculation tools to perform calculations for the ecological and baseline human health risk assessments for the Corrective Measures Study phase of the project. The human health tool uses EPA RAGS Part D table format. The tools will quickly automate the calculations and enable URS to produce risk assessments within schedule.

Project Manager, Risk Assessment, Sunoco Refinery, Philadelphia and Marcus Hook, PA, T&M, 2001-2002. Developed a risk-based screening tool to quickly assess cumulative risks associated with residual contamination from excavating an industrial site. For each stockpile, samples were collected and sent to a laboratory for 24-hour turn-around for hazardous waste characterization and detections for site-related compounds. A quick statistical evaluation was conducted to determine exposure point concentrations for the construction/excavation worker. Using a checklist of decision criteria and site-specific screening results, each stockpile either “passed” or “failed” for reuse at the site. Failed stockpiles were removed from the site for appropriate disposal. The screening tool allowed quick decisions to be made regarding the progress of remediation, the allocation of remediation equipment and resources,


and speedy remediation and land re-development.

Project Toxicologist, Risk Assessment Tool, San Antonio, TX, AFCEE, 1999-2000, Cost: $75,000. Developed the Chemical and Site Specific Risk Assessment (CSSRA) Toolbox for use during ROD reviews. The toolbox was designed to be user friendly (hard copy or electronically) and contained emerging or innovative techniques, concepts or models to aid in reducing the uncertainty associated with risk assessment and achieve a state-of-the-art clean up criteria.

Task Leader, Environmental Support Services, U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River, SC, FFP, 750K, 1997-2001. Performed screening level and comprehensive human health risk assessments involving both radiological and chemical contaminants. Developed spreadsheets to evaluate site-specific risk-based human health benchmark values for surface water, sediment, and fish based on realistic receptors for an evaluation of the streams that drain the Savannah River Site.

Task Leader, Risk Assessment, Former Meridian Road Landfill, Fortville, IN, T&M, 16K, 2000-2002. Performed calculations for an assessment of soil, groundwater, surface water, and sediment at a former landfill site in Indiana using ASTM Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) methodologies. Derived screening levels for exposure pathways that are not addressed by the RBCA guidance and developed a tool for quickly performing cumulative risk and hazard evaluations using RBCA Tier 1 and Tier 2 screening levels. This assessment served as a basis to focus remedial decision and prioritize remedial actions at the site.

Toxicologist, Affected Property Assessment Report (APAR), Atofina, Beaumont, TX 2003-2004. Ms. Welshofer calculated Tier 2 Texas Risk Reduction Program (TRRP) protective concentration levels (PCLs) using the fate and transport modeling TRRP Guidance Document 26, Development of Natural Attenuation Factors. This enabled the client to identify the critical PCL for the Affected Properties Assessment Report (APAR).

Task Leader, Risk Assessments for Langley AFB, VA, Omaha District USACE, FFP, 1M, 1996-2001. Ms. Welshofer performed calculations and wrote baseline human health risk assessments for five sites at Langley AFB. The calculations were presented in RAGS Part D table format. Ms. Welshofer worked closely with EPA Region 3 to negotiate approaches for the human health risk assessment and to give feedback on RAGS Part D table formats.

Task Leader, Rational National Standards Initiative (RNSI), Langley AFB, VA, Omaha District USACE, FFP, 1996-1998. Ms. Welshofer wrote the Pathways, Parameters, and Equations report for several Air Force Bases that documents the risk-based screening approach used to determine whether installation restoration program (IRP) sites should move toward no further action or baseline risk assessment. The report provides a description of each site, along with a corresponding conceptual site model that indicates the potential human exposure routes to site contaminants. Cost estimates are provided for remediation of contaminants that exceeded screening criteria. The RNSI report provided AFB program managers with a tool to estimate what sites required remedial action and funding and what sites could be closed out of the IRP.

Project Toxicologist, Risk Assessment, Tulsa District USACE, Reese AFB, Lubbock, TX, FFP, 2M, 1998-1999. Provided human health and


ecological screening risk support for RCRA Facility Investigation. Built RAGS Part D spreadsheets to perform calculations for three baseline human health risk assessments for the Corrective Measures Study phase of the project. Provided human health and ecological screening risk support for RCRA Facility Investigation. The project was awarded the “Nation’s Fastest BRAC Cleanup Program” in September 1999.

Waste Program

Team Member, Iraq Waste Program, AFCEE, Cost Plus Fixed Fee, $16,600, August 2008-2010. Prepared Unified Work Plan to define the range of methods, technologies, and supporting activities necessary to remove, store, and destroy/dispose of approximately 31 million pounds of hazardous waste generated by Multi National Corps-Iraq (MNC-I). The wastes from 31 forward operating bases will be transported to temporary storage and disposal facilities for treatment, recycling, or disposal. Ms. Welshofer prepared multiple work plans for the Unified Work Plan to support the project: Spill Prevention and Response Plan, Waste Treatment Methods Plan, Waste Transport and Tracking Plan, and Training Plan.

CERCLA Decision Documents

Team Member, Decision Documents for Fort George G. Meade Sites, Baltimore District Corps of Engineers, FFP, 2010, $157K. Prepare Proposed Plans, Record of Decisions (ROD), and/or Explanation of Significant Difference (ESD) reports for the following BRAC sites: High Explosive Impact Area, Ordnance Demolition Area, and Tipton Airfield Parcel.

Site Characterization

Team member, Waste Stream Characterization Study, United States Postal Service, 2010. Performed technical review of Waste Stream Characterization Studies performed for 15 USPS facilities. Verified that waste stream reporting matched laboratory results.

Site Inspection and Monitoring

Task Leader, Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring Reports for Fort George G. Meade, Baltimore District Corps of Engineers, FFP, 2010-2012, $121K. Ms. Welshofer has prepared several long-term groundwater monitoring reports for Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) sites at Fort George G. Meade: Tipton Airfield Parcel, Clean Fill Dump, and Ordnance Demolition Area. These reports were prepared in accordance with the CERCLA Federal Facility Agreement (FFA) between the United States Department of the Army (Fort George G. Meade, facility), the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and the State support agency, the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE).

Team Member, Site Inspection (SI) Reports for Military Munitions Response Program (MMRP), Baltimore District Corps of Engineers, FFP, 1.85M, 2008-2009. The MMRP addresses sites with UXO, discarded military munitions, and munitions constituents located on military installations. The Site Inspection (SI) process includes a Historical Records Review, SI Work Plan, and an SI Report. Ms. Welshofer prepared Site Inspection Reports for Fort Allen, Fort Buchanan, Devens Reserve Forces Training Area, Camp McCain, and Fort A.P. Hill. Ms. Welshofer responded to stakeholder comments and generated final SI reports for Fort Allen, Fort Buchanan, and Camp McCain.

Emergency Planning/Spill Prevention


Trainer, Integrated Contingency Plan Training for Gas Refinery, RasGas Company Limited, April-November 2008. Prepared training materials to teach RasGas personnel how to prepare a company-wide Integrated Contingency Plan (ICP). The ICP incorporated components of Spill, Prevention, Control and Countermeasures Planning (SPCC), Facility Response Planning (FSP), Risk Management Planning (RMP), and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Response Planning into one emergency planning document.

Team Member, Spill, Prevention, Control and Countermeasures Plan, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., March-August 2008. Prepared a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) Plan in accordance with 40 CFR 112 for an industrial gas manufacturing facility. Ms. Welshofer conducted the site visit, calculated the waste oil storage capacity, and provided feedback to company personnel on how to implement additional best management practices (BMPs) for spill prevention at their facility.

Pollution Prevention/Waste Minimization

Team Member, Pollution Prevention Management Plans for Air Force, AFCEE, Cost Plus Fixed Fee, 1993-1995. Ms. Welshofer wrote Pollution Prevention Management Plans for the following Air Force Bases: Fairchild, Randolph, Columbus, Laughlin, and McChord. She was responsible for evaluating shop processes, researching pollution prevention options for each shop, conducting cost analysis of the options, and estimating shop-level and base-wide mass material balancing of their solid waste, hazardous waste, and ODC emissions generated in 1992. EPA 33/50 program to reduce releases and off-site transfers of a targeted set of 17 chemicals was incorporated into all documents and reports. Pollution prevention options were developed to either eliminate or reduce the amount of the 17 chemicals used by the Air Force. Ms. Welshofer also trained Air Force personnel on how to conduct site assessments so that the Air Force could continue the pollution prevention/waste minimization program with their own personnel.

Environmental Assessments

Task Leader, Environmental Report, Tongue River Railroad Company, FFP, 21K,1998. Ms. Welshofer coordinated the efforts of two subcontractors, along with URS authors, to assess alternate rail line routes for hauling coal along the Tongue River Railroad; Ms. Welshofer co-wrote the Environmental Assessment Report in accordance with NEPA. The alternative selection process considered issues such as sensitive bald eagle habitat, Native American reservations, and historical and archeological sites.

Task Leader, Environmental Impact Assessment for Jorf Lasfar Power Plant, Morocco, CMS Generation Co., and ABB Energy Ventures Inc., 25K, 1996. Ms. Welshofer researched and wrote the audit of existing conditions, mitigative measures, and monitoring for the assessment. The success of this project was critical in meeting Morocco’s energy strategy for providing electricity to more than 40% of the population without electric power.

Task Leader, Environmental Information Document for Oasis Energy LLC, T&M, 2000. Environmental Assessments for expanding a commercial power plant in Arizona. Ms. Welshofer presented project information at a public meeting and answered concerned citizens’


questions.

Health and Safety

Using her expertise in risk assessment and toxicology, Ms. Welshofer has reviewed and helped prepare health and safety workplans for commercial clients. Ms. Welshofer also has trained URS employees in how to address health and safety issues as part of their HAZWOPER training.

Trainer

She has trained AFB personnel at Grand Forks AFB, North Dakota; Lajes Field, Azores; and Kirtland AFB, New Mexico, in the following topics: Pollution Prevention (Industrial-Level), 4-hour and 2-hour Hazardous Waste Management, and Train the Trainer.

She has performed 1-hour HAZWOPER update training sessions for URS personnel to maintain their 40-hour training.

Ms. Welshofer also trains junior staff in how to perform human health and ecological risk assessments.

Installation Restoration Program (IRP)

She wrote U.S. Department of Defense Installation Restoration Program (IRP) Management Action Plans for the following Air Force Bases (AFB): Moody, Little Rock, and Willow Grove Air Reserve Facility.

She was responsible for examining existing IRP site data, proposing remediation schedules and budgets to close out each IRP site following the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) process.

Public Relations

Her experience includes working with GIS personnel to obtain current and future land maps for 6 Texas counties in the study area for an indirect risk assessment. She interviewed public officials, regulatory personnel, and local people to obtain physical characteristics, population data, economic information, and land use data for a baseline risk assessment workplan.

Her experience includes writing the proposed plan for operable unit (OU) 42 for Langley Air Force Base. Her proposed plan is being used as a template for other proposed plans at Langley Air Force Base.

Her experience includes writing, reviewing, and editing of U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Environmental Restoration Program (ERP) documents such as the draft proposed plan for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) low-level radioactive disposal site, Waste Area Grouping (WAG) 6, and the draft interim proposed plan for ORNL WAG 13 cesium plots.

Ms. Welshofer also researched public reaction to potential remediation options for decontaminating and decommissioning a DOE building, Alpha 4. Her responsibilities included coordinating with the DOE public information office and record repository center to obtain information on past surveys and public meetings in the Oak Ridge area. She was to make a recommendation to DOE as to how to involve and educate the public in the remediation process of Alpha 4.

Field Work Experience

Ms. Welshofer performed radiological survey of a junkyard. She operated beta, alpha, and gamma meters and was put in charge of the PCB lab


testing. She performed the sampling and lab work to test for PCBs.

Ms. Welshofer performed EPCRA (chemical usage baseline) survey of Army industrial shops. She filled out worksheets for each shop listing all the chemicals that shop uses and stores for entry in a chemical database that Radian created for this project. She noted the hazardous waste management practices and educated shop personnel in the proper handling and storage of materials. Ms. Welshofer also investigated potential pollution prevention options for these shops.

Awards

Geo Environmental and Remediation Group Pillar Award, March 2015

Individual Achievement Award, URS Corporation, August 2004

Individual Achievement Award, Radian Corporation, January 1996

Individual Achievement Award, Radian Corporation, November 1994

Chronology

1991-present: AECOM, Germantown, MD

Contact Information

Company: AECOM

Address: 12420 Milestone Center Drive, Suite 150 Germantown, MD 20876 Tel: 301.820.3000 Direct: 301.820.3148 Fax: 301.820.3009 Email address: [email protected]

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AECOM Risk Assessment

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