NAICS 54181 + 54182 + 54186

Advertising Agencies

(Rollup)

Exclusive Commentary from Dr. Joe Webb and Richard Romano

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NAICS 54181 + 54182 + 54186

Exclusive Commentary

Advertising Agencies (Rollup) [NAICS 54181 + 54182 + 54186]

This sheet is a custom combination of specific NAICS related to advertising agencies, which are general ad agencies (NAICS 54181), public relations agencies (NAICS 54182), and direct mail advertising firms (NAICS 54186). These are the “creative” markets excluding graphic design and commercial photography. Each of these markets is covered in individual commentary and data sheets.

The Census Bureau includes certain ad agency business segments that do not play prominent roles in content creation, such as media buying services.

The Bureau of the Census definition for these business classifications are:

• Ad agencies:

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in creating advertising campaigns and placing such advertising in periodicals, newspapers, radio and television, or other media. These establishments are organized to provide a full range of services (i.e., through in-house capabilities or subcontracting), including advice, creative services, account management, production of advertising material, media planning, and buying (i.e., placing advertising).

• Public relations agencies:

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in designing and implementing public relations campaigns. These campaigns are designed to promote the interests and image of their clients. Establishments providing lobbying, political consulting, or public relations consulting are included in this industry.

• Direct mail advertising:

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) creating and designing advertising campaigns for the purpose of distributing advertising materials (e.g., coupons, flyers, samples) or specialties (e.g., keychains, magnets, pens with customized messages imprinted) by mail or other direct distribution and/or (2) preparing advertising materials or specialties for mailing or other direct distribution. These establishments may also compile, maintain, sell, and rent mailing lists.

The commentary below refers to the aggregate data. Each NAICS is covered in separate commentary and data sheets.

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NAICS 54181 + 54182 + 54186

Commentary (continued)

Geographic Distribution

• California (15.0%), New York (11.7%), and Florida (7.3%) are the three biggest states foradvertising firms.

• New York-Newark-Jersey City (12.5%), Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim (7.6%), andWashington-Arlington-Alexandria (4.6%) are the top three metro areas for advertingfirms.

PR agencies in particular have a high concentration in the DC area, for political spin purposes.

• As well as the Hollywood/LA area for the entertainment industry.

• The Western states contain the highest percentage of non-employer advertising firms/freelancers (22.6%).

California alone accounts for 18.6% of non-employer advertising firms.

• In general, Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) are urbanized areas that have at least

50,000 people. Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs) are much larger metropolitan

population regions that include MSAs as well as associated bordering areas. For more

details, please refer to the “Key Terms and Definitions” beginning on page 6 of this report.

• The top combined statistical areas (CSAs) are:

Combined Statistical Area New York Los Angeles % of All Establishments 13.6% 8.3%

Establishments 3,338 2,030

Employees 63,597 24,538

Payroll $6.6 Billion $2.1 Billion

Sales $14.0 Billion $5.2 Billion

Capital Expenditures $343 Million $127 Million

Demographics Establishments

• In 2015, there were 24,474 U.S. advertising establishments.

The majority of these businesses (80%) have less than 10 employees.

Only 4% have 50 or more employees.

From 2013 to 2015, the number of advertising firms grew +0.9%.

• The number of advertising establishments has remained fairly stable.

From 2013 to 2015, small establishments (<10 employees) grew +0.7%.

• Large establishments (50+ employees) grew +8.2%, which translated to 82establishments.

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NAICS 54181 + 54182 + 54186

Commentary (continued)

• In 2015, there were an estimated 94,106 non-employer advertising establishments.

Many of these are independent workers who function as agency account managers

would, but can also include art and creative direction, media planning, strategy,

and other functions.

Employees

• In 2015, there were an estimated 289,309 advertising employees.

Revenues/Value of Shipments

• In 2015, advertising firms reported revenues of $61.3 billion.

Large establishments accounted for 61% of revenues, even though they only

account for 4% of establishments.

• Regionally, advertising firms in the Mid-Eastern region accounted for 30.5% of revenues.

New York alone accounted for 20.7%.

• Advertising firms in New England only accounted for 4.4% of revenues.

• Non-employer establishments reported an estimated $5.5 billion in revenues in 2015.

Capital Expenditures

• In 2015, ad agencies spent $1.5 billion on capital expenditures.

61% of those outlays were by large (50+-employee) establishments, 25% by mid-

size establishments, and 13% by small establishments.

Technology Impacts and Competitive Trends Specific trends vary according to creative market. The highlights:

Advertising agencies:

• In this category are businesses that have both a creative and a production component.

• Ad agencies have by necessity had to keep on top of any and all changes in mass

communication and available media.

• Multichannel marketing evolved from cross-media in the mid-2000s.

• A single ad campaign today can involve some combination of print, web, social, video, and

more.

• The shift to mobile media means agencies need to understand how to market via mobile.

• A major current trend is marketers moving more of their marketing functions in-house

(80% of agencies say their clients are moving marketing work in-house).

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NAICS 54181 + 54182 + 54186

Commentary (continued)

• According to recent data from Hubspot, more marketers are spending on marketing

technology— data analytics, marketing automation, etc.—than marketing.

• More agency work is becoming project-based rather than AOR (agency of record) based—

a challenge for building long-term client relationships.

• Greater integration with PR to coordinate social media initiatives.

• CMOs (chief marketing officers) are less wedded to their AORs than in the past, and are

more eager to shop around.

PR agencies:

• Over the past ~15 years, PR has become a more important function, and has taken over

large chunks of marketing functions.

• According to the Chartered Institute of Public Relations’ State of PR 2016, the top trend is

the convergence of public relations and marketing.

“76% of all respondents said compared to two years ago, they now work more

closely with dedicated social and digital media teams, as well as the marketing,

advertising and sales departments.”

• Specifically, social media management, search engine optimization (SEO), email

campaigns, creating content, content marketing, and more are some of the functions of PR

agencies today.

• In addition to writing press releases, hosting press events, and other “traditional” PR tasks.

• The Public Relation Society of America (PRSA) emphasizes measurement and analytics as

critical skills for today’s PR experts.

Direct mail advertisers:

• In a telling move, the Direct Marketing Association has changed its name to the Data &

Marketing Association (DMA).

• There is a large shift to digital printing—toner and now inkjet—as targeting via

personalization and customization becomes more desirable than mass mailing.

• Specialty printing (pens and other 3D “ad specialties”) which can now be done on short-

run digital devices like UV benchtop printers by mainstream commercial or wide-format

printers.

• This category deeply impacted by marketers’ shift to digital marketing.

• DMA is helping members navigate that shift while also trying to communicate the value of

print that still exists.

According to the DMA, since 2005, direct mail volume has been declining 1.9%

year-over-year, although spending is up.

• Much of the work of dedicated direct mail houses has shifted to more mainstream

commercial printers.

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NAICS 54181 + 54182 + 54186

Key Terms and Definitions

Annual Survey of Manufactures (Source) - The Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) provides key intercensal measures of manufacturing activity, products, and

location for the public and private sectors. The ASM provides the best measure of current U.S. manufacturing industry

outputs, inputs, operating status, and is the primary basis for updates of the Longitudinal Research Database (LRD). Census

Bureau staff and academic researchers use the LRD for micro data analysis.

Statistics are available on a sample universe of manufacturing establishments with one or more paid employees at any time

during the year for manufacturing classified in NAICS sectors 31–33. Employment, payroll, hours, cost of materials, receipts,

value added, capital expenditures, and relative standard errors data are available for the U.S. and states at the 2- through 4-

digit NAICS levels. Product shipments value data are available at the 6-digit North American Industry Classification System

(NAICS) level and 7-digit NAICS product class levels based on NAICS.

The ASM is conducted annually, except for years ending in 2 and 7, at which time ASM data are included in the manufacturing

sector of the Economic Census.

Consolidated (or Combined) Statistical Area (CSA) - Consolidated Statistical Areas are a combination of metropolitan areas that have significant economic interaction and

dependency. PrintStats includes the top five CSAs in each report based on total population, without regard to the number of

industry establishments. These CSAs are very large, and in fact, larger than many countries. These are the details of their

composition:

• New York CSA is the combination of these Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: New York-Newark-

Jersey City, Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, New Haven-Milford, Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Trenton,

Torrington, Kingston, East Stroudsburg

• Los Angeles CSA includes: Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Oxnard-

Thousand Oaks-Ventura

• Chicago CSA includes: Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Ottawa-Peru, Kankakee, Michigan City-La Porte

• Washington D.C. CSA includes: Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV, Baltimore-Columbia-

Towson, Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Chambersburg-Waynesboro, Winchester, California-Lexington Park, Easton,

Cambridge

• San Francisco CSA includes: San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Stockton-Lodi,

Santa Rosa, Vallejo-Fairfield, Santa Cruz-Watsonville, Napa

(see also Metropolitan Statistical Area)

Content Creation (Source) - The contribution of information to any medium/media, especially to digital media for an end-user/audience in specific

contexts. “Content” can be text, photographic images, illustrations, graphic design, video, or any other intellectual property.

Typical forms of modern content creation include maintaining and updating web sites, blogging, photography, videography,

online commentary, the maintenance of social media accounts, and editing and distribution of digital media.

County Business Patterns [CBP] (Source) - CBP is an annual series that provides subnational economic data by industry. This series includes the number of

establishments, employment during the week of March 12, first quarter payroll, and annual payroll.

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NAICS 54181 + 54182 + 54186

Key Terms and Definitions (continued)

Demographics (Source) - The statistical characteristics of human populations (such as age or income) used especially to identify markets. In business, a

particular market or segment of the population.

Economic Census (Source) - The Economic Census is the U.S. Government's official five-year measure of American business and the economy. It is

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, and response is required by law.

Employee (Source) - An individual hired by another individual or business usually for wages or salary and in a position below the executive level.

Establishment (Source) - An establishment is a single physical location at which business is conducted or where services or industrial operations are

performed. It is not necessarily identical with a company or enterprise, which may consist of one or more establishments.

Estimate (Source) - A value that is usable for some purpose even if input data may be incomplete, uncertain, or unstable. The value is nonetheless

usable because it is derived from the best information available. Typically, deriving an estimate involves using the value of a

statistic derived from a sample to estimate the value of a corresponding population parameter. The sample provides

information that can be projected, through various formal or informal processes, to determine a range most likely to describe

the missing information.

Forecast (Source) - Forecasting is the use of historic data to determine the direction of future trends. Businesses use forecasting to determine

how to allocate their budgets or plan for anticipated expenses for an upcoming period of time. This is typically based on the

projected demand for the goods and services they offer.

In terms of PrintStats, the forecasts are limited to statistical trends based on past statistical data. They are not forecasts based

on industry surveys or assessment of economic, social, or technological changes. The PrintStats forecast data should be

viewed only as a starting point for a formal forecast process.

M3 Manufacturing Survey (Source) - The Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and Orders (M3) survey provides broad-based, monthly statistical data on

economic conditions in the domestic manufacturing sector. The survey measures current industrial activity and provides an

indication of future business trends.

Metropolitan Area (Source) - A metropolitan area, sometimes referred to as a metro area or commuter belt, is a region consisting of a densely populated

urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing. A metro area usually

comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships, boroughs, cities, towns, exurbs, suburbs,

counties, districts, states, and even nations like the eurodistricts. As social, economic, and political institutions have changed,

metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions. Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas, as

well as satellite cities, towns, and intervening rural areas that are socio-economically tied to the urban core, typically

measured by commuting patterns.

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NAICS 54181 + 54182 + 54186

Key Terms and Definitions (continued)

Metropolitan Statistical Area [MSA] (Source) - In the United States, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is a geographical region with a relatively high population density at

its core and close economic ties throughout the area. Such regions are neither legally incorporated as a city or town would

be, nor are they legal administrative divisions like counties or separate entities such as states. As such, the precise definition

of any given metropolitan area can vary with the source. A typical metropolitan area is centered on a single large city that

wields substantial influence over the region (e.g., Chicago or Atlanta). However, some metropolitan areas contain more than

one large city with no single municipality holding a substantially dominant position (e.g., Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex,

Norfolk-Virginia Beach [Hampton Roads], Riverside–San Bernardino [Inland Empire], or Minneapolis–Saint Paul).

MSAs are defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and used by the Census Bureau and other Federal

government agencies for statistical purposes.

(See also Consolidated Statistical Area)

NAICS (Source) - The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is the standard used by Federal statistical agencies in classifying

business establishments for the purpose of collecting, analyzing, and publishing statistical data related to the U.S. business

economy.

Nonemployer Statistics (Source) - Nonemployer Statistics is an annual series that provides subnational economic data for businesses that have no paid

employees and are subject to Federal income tax. The data consist of the number of businesses and total receipts by industry.

Most nonemployers are self-employed individuals operating unincorporated businesses (known as sole proprietorships),

which may or may not be the owner's principal source of income.

The majority of all business establishments in the United States are nonemployers, yet these firms average less than 4

percent of all sales and receipts nationally. Due to their small economic impact, these firms are excluded from most other

Census Bureau business statistics (the primary exception being the Survey of Business Owners). The Nonemployers Statistics

series is the primary resource available to study the scope and activities of nonemployers at a detailed geographic level. For

complementary statistics on the firms that do have paid employees, refer to the County Business Patterns. Additional sources

of data on small businesses include the Economic Census, and the Statistics of U.S. Businesses.

Packaging (Source) - Packaging is the technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers

to the process of designing, evaluating, and producing packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of

preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. In the graphic arts, packaging refers to the design,

manufacturing, and decoration (usually via printing and related technologies) of corrugated paperboard containers, folding

cardboard cartons and containers, paper bags, flexible plastic packaging, and other paper, paperboard, and plastic materials.

Payroll (Source) - Payroll is the sum total of all compensation a business must pay to its employees for a set period of time or on a given date.

Payroll is reported before deductions for social security, income tax, insurance, union dues, etc. This definition of payroll is

the same as that used by the Internal Revenue Service.

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NAICS 54181 + 54182 + 54186

Key Terms and Definitions (continued)

Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages [QCEW] (Source) - The Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program publishes a quarterly count of employment and wages

reported by employers covering more than 95 percent of U.S. jobs, available at the county, MSA, state, and national levels by

industry.

Quarterly Services Survey (Source) - The Quarterly Services Survey (QSS) is the only source of service industry indicator performance providing timely estimates

of revenue and expenses for selected service industries. The QSS is a principal economic indicator series that produces, for

selected service industries, quarterly estimates of total operating revenue and the percentage of revenue by class of

customer (government, business, consumers, and individuals). The survey also produces estimates of total operating

expenses from tax-exempt firms in industries that have a large not-for-profit component. In addition, for hospital services,

the survey estimates the number of inpatient days and discharges.

Region (Source) - Census Regions are groupings of states and the District of Columbia that subdivide the United States for the presentation of

Census data. There are four Census regions—Northeast, Midwest, South, and West. Each of the four Census regions is

divided into two or more Census divisions. Each Census region is identified by a single-digit Census code. Puerto Rico and

the Island Areas are not part of any Census region or Census division.

PrintStats uses eight regions based on industrial economic activity rather than the Census regions. The 50 U.S. states and

District of Columbia are allocated as follows:

• New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont

• Mid-Eastern: Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia

• South Eastern: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee,

Virginia

• Great Lakes: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin

• North Central: Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming

• South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas

• South Western: Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah

• Western: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington

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Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186)

Baseline data from County Business Patterns

This workbook contains the following datasheets (click to open)

Establishments 2015 (Summarized Size Classes)Establishments 2013 (Summarized Size Classes)Establishments 2015 Changes (Summarized Size Classes)Establishments 2015 (Detailed Size Classes)Establishments 2013 (Detailed Size Classes)Establishments 2015 Changes (Detailed Size Classes)Employees 2015 (Summarized Size Classes)Employees 2015 (Detailed Size Classes)Payrolls 2015 (Summarized Size Classes)Payrolls 2015 (Detailed Size Classes)Sales 2015 (Summarized Size Classes)Sales 2015 (Detailed Size Classes)Capital Expenditures 2015 (Summarized Size Classes)Capital Expenditures 2015 (Detailed Size Classes)Top 15 States 2015 Top 25 Metros 2015 Top 5 Major Metropolitan Areas (Combined Statistical Areas)Estimates and Statistical Trend 2016-2022Non-Employer Establishments

email: npessupport@sfminc.com

Produced exclusively for NPESCopyright 2017, Non-Routine LLC and Strategies for Management, Inc.

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% of Total Region Rank and State Rank All Sizes Small: 1-9

Empls.Medium: 10-49

Empls.Large: >50+

Empls.

Avg. Employees/

Estab.

U.S. states + DC 100.0% - 24,474 19,607 3,784 1,083 11.8

New England 4.6% 8 1,116 870 191 55 11.5 Connecticut 1.1% 25 279 221 44 14 12.5 Maine 0.3% 41 81 66 13 2 8.2 Massachusetts 2.2% 14 530 393 105 32 13.7 New Hampshire 0.4% 37 88 71 11 6 9.4 Rhode Island 0.4% 37 88 77 10 1 4.4 Vermont 0.2% 46 50 42 8 5.8

Mid-Eastern 22.3% 1 5,457 4,188 919 350 15.8 Delaware 0.3% 43 73 61 10 2 7.1 Washington DC 2.4% 12 577 430 115 32 12.3 Maryland 1.5% 20 375 296 66 13 9.4 New Jersey 2.9% 8 699 542 117 40 11.2 New York 11.7% 2 2,867 2,181 462 224 20.1 Pennsylvania 3.3% 6 818 638 142 38 11.8 West Virginia 0.2% 47 48 40 7 1 4.2

South Eastern 19.6% 2 4,792 4,007 643 142 8.7 Alabama 0.8% 32 185 157 18 10 10.4 Florida 7.3% 3 1,788 1,518 230 40 8.4 Georgia 3.0% 7 731 606 102 23 7.8 Kentucky 0.8% 30 188 143 33 12 10.9 Mississippi 0.3% 41 81 64 16 1 5.7 North Carolina 2.4% 12 577 503 63 11 7.0 South Carolina 1.1% 27 261 225 28 8 7.5 Tennessee 1.3% 24 316 250 55 11 8.5 Virginia 2.7% 10 665 541 98 26 11.6

Great Lakes 14.7% 4 3,600 2,828 598 174 14.3 Illinois 5.0% 5 1,230 969 186 75 19.2 Indiana 1.3% 23 322 262 56 4 6.4 Michigan 2.0% 17 500 379 87 34 17.1 Minnesota 2.1% 15 526 409 90 27 14.0 Ohio 2.8% 9 683 544 116 23 9.7 Wisconsin 1.4% 21 339 265 63 11 9.5

North Central 4.8% 7 1,170 919 199 52 11.8 Idaho 0.3% 39 82 72 10 4.4 Iowa 0.6% 34 159 120 29 10 14.3 Kansas 0.8% 32 185 148 28 9 12.4 Missouri 1.8% 18 442 347 70 25 13.7 Montana 0.2% 45 59 50 9 3.6 Nebraska 0.5% 35 132 99 28 5 13.1 North Dakota 0.2% 48 42 29 11 2 8.9 South Dakota 0.2% 49 40 27 12 1 9.2 Wyoming 0.1% 51 29 27 2 2.7

South Central 8.4% 5 2,064 1,692 299 73 9.7 Arkansas 0.5% 36 131 101 20 10 12.0 Louisiana 0.9% 29 227 192 27 8 7.3 Oklahoma 0.8% 31 186 155 26 5 7.4 Texas 6.2% 4 1,520 1,244 226 50 10.1

South Western 6.7% 6 1,650 1,417 193 40 8.2 Arizona 1.7% 19 426 371 48 7 5.6 Colorado 2.6% 11 632 548 69 15 8.4 Nevada 1.1% 26 264 225 32 7 9.6 New Mexico 0.3% 39 82 73 9 3.4 Utah 1.0% 28 246 200 35 11 12.3

Western 18.9% 3 4,625 3,686 742 197 10.7 Alaska 0.2% 49 40 30 10 6.6 California 15.0% 1 3,659 2,902 586 171 11.2 Hawaii 0.3% 44 67 54 11 2 8.1 Oregon 1.4% 22 337 270 58 9 9.8 Washington 2.1% 16 522 430 77 15 8.2

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by Number of

Establishments

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Number of Establishments

11

% of Total Region Rank and State Rank All Sizes Small: 1-9

Empls.Medium: 10-49

Empls.Large: >50+

Empls.

Avg. Employees/

Estab.

U.S. states + DC 100.0% - 24,245 19,463 3,781 1,001 11.7

New England 4.8% 8 1,159 895 211 53 11.1 Connecticut 1.2% 25 293 231 42 20 14.3 Maine 0.4% 37 88 73 12 3 7.8 Massachusetts 2.3% 14 558 407 126 25 12.9 New Hampshire 0.3% 39 82 65 14 3 Rhode Island 0.4% 38 85 73 10 2 6.1 Vermont 0.2% 46 53 46 7 4.1

Mid-Eastern 22.5% 1 5,455 4,195 944 316 15.0 Delaware 0.3% 44 63 55 6 2 7.7 Washington DC 2.3% 12 566 424 114 28 12.0 Maryland 1.6% 20 386 308 65 13 8.5 New Jersey 3.1% 7 753 600 114 39 10.2 New York 11.5% 2 2,795 2,107 487 201 18.6 Pennsylvania 3.5% 6 840 658 150 32 13.3 West Virginia 0.2% 47 52 43 8 1 4.4

South Eastern 19.7% 2 4,774 3,994 642 138 8.8 Alabama 0.8% 33 185 161 14 10 10.3 Florida 7.4% 3 1,785 1,516 229 40 8.5 Georgia 2.9% 8 712 589 101 22 8.1 Kentucky 0.8% 31 201 151 38 12 10.6 Mississippi 0.3% 43 78 65 12 1 4.4 North Carolina 2.3% 12 566 493 59 14 7.4 South Carolina 1.0% 28 233 207 22 4 8.7 Tennessee 1.4% 23 332 273 47 12 7.7 Virginia 2.8% 10 682 539 120 23 11.2

Great Lakes 14.8% 4 3,590 2,825 593 172 14.1 Illinois 5.1% 5 1,227 971 185 71 19.1 Indiana 1.2% 24 297 234 59 4 7.4 Michigan 2.1% 17 504 387 86 31 16.3 Minnesota 2.2% 15 532 421 82 29 13.8 Ohio 2.8% 9 690 545 119 26 9.0 Wisconsin 1.4% 22 340 267 62 11 9.4

North Central 4.9% 7 1,190 944 197 49 10.6 Idaho 0.3% 40 81 67 11 3 0.8 Iowa 0.7% 34 159 127 25 7 9.7 Kansas 0.8% 30 203 161 32 10 11.3 Missouri 1.8% 18 426 329 75 22 14.8 Montana 0.2% 45 60 54 6 3.0 Nebraska 0.6% 35 143 112 27 4 10.1 North Dakota 0.2% 49 38 30 6 2 7.9 South Dakota 0.2% 48 47 33 13 1 7.8 Wyoming 0.1% 51 33 31 2 1.6

South Central 8.2% 5 1,997 1,640 296 61 8.4 Arkansas 0.5% 36 128 101 22 5 9.1 Louisiana 0.9% 29 216 183 27 6 5.5 Oklahoma 0.8% 32 197 168 26 3 3.9 Texas 6.0% 4 1,456 1,188 221 47 9.4

South Western 6.8% 6 1,647 1,412 201 34 9.7 Arizona 1.7% 19 414 354 53 7 5.7 Colorado 2.6% 11 642 559 70 13 7.5 Nevada 1.1% 26 263 225 32 6 9.3 New Mexico 0.3% 40 81 71 9 1 4.2 Utah 1.0% 27 247 203 37 7 24.3

Western 18.3% 3 4,433 3,558 697 178 10.6 Alaska 0.2% 49 38 30 8 5.7 California 14.2% 1 3,449 2,746 551 152 11.3 Hawaii 0.3% 42 79 67 10 2 3.3 Oregon 1.5% 21 355 294 54 7 8.3 Washington 2.1% 16 512 421 74 17 9.0

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by Number of

Establishments

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2013Number of Establishments

12

Region Rank and State Rank All Sizes Small: 1-9

Empls.Medium: 10-49

Empls.Large: >50+

Empls.

Avg. Employees/

Estab.

U.S. states + DC - 229 144 3 82 0.1

New England 8 (43) (25) (20) 2 0.5 Connecticut 26 (14) (10) 2 (6) (1.8)Maine 21 (7) (7) 1 (1) 0.4 Massachusetts 31 (28) (14) (21) 7 0.8 New Hampshire 11 6 6 (3) 3 9.4 Rhode Island 13 3 4 (1) (1.7)Vermont 18 (3) (4) 1 1.7

Mid-Eastern 6 2 (7) (25) 34 0.8 Delaware 10 10 6 4 (0.7)Washington DC 9 11 6 1 4 0.3 Maryland 23 (11) (12) 1 0.9 New Jersey 32 (54) (58) 3 1 0.9 New York 2 72 74 (25) 23 1.5 Pennsylvania 30 (22) (20) (8) 6 (1.5)West Virginia 19 (4) (3) (1) (0.2)

South Eastern 3 18 13 1 4 (0.1)Alabama 16 (4) 4 0.1 Florida 14 3 2 1 (0.2)Georgia 6 19 17 1 1 (0.3)Kentucky 25 (13) (8) (5) 0.3 Mississippi 14 3 (1) 4 1.3 North Carolina 10 11 10 4 (3) (0.3)South Carolina 4 28 18 6 4 (1.3)Tennessee 27 (16) (23) 8 (1) 0.8 Virginia 28 (17) 2 (22) 3 0.4

Great Lakes 4 10 3 5 2 0.2 Illinois 14 3 (2) 1 4 0.1 Indiana 5 25 28 (3) (1.1)Michigan 20 (4) (8) 1 3 0.7 Minnesota 20 (6) (12) 8 (2) 0.3 Ohio 22 (7) (1) (3) (3) 0.7 Wisconsin 17 (1) (2) 1 0.1

North Central 7 (20) (25) 2 3 1.2 Idaho 15 1 5 (1) (3) 3.6 Iowa 17 (7) 4 3 4.6 Kansas 29 (18) (13) (4) (1) 1.1 Missouri 7 16 18 (5) 3 (1.1)Montana 18 (1) (4) 3 0.6 Nebraska 24 (11) (13) 1 1 3.0 North Dakota 12 4 (1) 5 1.0 South Dakota 22 (7) (6) (1) 1.3 Wyoming 20 (4) (4) 1.1

South Central 2 67 52 3 12 1.3 Arkansas 14 3 (2) 5 2.9 Louisiana 10 11 9 2 1.8 Oklahoma 24 (11) (13) 2 3.4 Texas 3 64 56 5 3 0.8

South Western 5 3 5 (8) 6 (1.5)Arizona 8 12 17 (5) (0.0)Colorado 22 (10) (11) (1) 2 0.9 Nevada 16 1 1 0.3 New Mexico 16 1 2 (1) (0.8)Utah 18 (1) (3) (2) 4 (11.9)

Western 1 192 128 45 19 0.1 Alaska 14 2 2 0.9 California 1 210 156 35 19 (0.1)Hawaii 24 (12) (13) 1 4.8 Oregon 30 (18) (24) 4 2 1.4 Washington 11 10 9 3 (2) (0.8)

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by Change in Number of

Establishments

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Change in Number of Establishments

13

% of TotalRegion Rank

and State Rank

All Sizes 1-4Empls.

5-9 Empls.

10-19Empls.

20-49Empls.

50-99Empls.

100-249Empls.

250-499Empls.

500+Empls.

Avg. Employees/

Estab.

U.S. states + DC 100.0% - 24,474 16,142 3,465 2,239 1,545 596 346 88 53 11.8

New England 4.6% 8 1,116 701 169 104 87 32 18 4 1 11.5 Connecticut 1.1% 25 279 173 48 24 20 6 6 2 12.5 Maine 0.3% 41 81 61 5 7 6 2 8.2 Massachusetts 2.2% 14 530 316 77 52 53 20 9 2 1 13.7 New Hampshire 0.4% 37 88 49 22 9 2 5 1 9.4 Rhode Island 0.4% 37 88 68 9 6 4 1 4.4 Vermont 0.2% 46 50 34 8 6 2 5.8

Mid-Eastern 22.3% 1 5,457 3,366 822 548 371 180 114 35 21 15.8 Delaware 0.3% 43 73 54 7 6 4 1 1 7.1 Washington DC 2.4% 12 577 319 111 74 41 21 8 3 12.3 Maryland 1.5% 20 375 236 60 38 28 9 3 1 9.4 New Jersey 2.9% 8 699 433 109 67 50 26 12 2 11.2 New York 11.7% 2 2,867 1,788 393 261 201 102 75 28 19 20.1 Pennsylvania 3.3% 6 818 506 132 95 47 21 14 1 2 11.8 West Virginia 0.2% 47 48 30 10 7 1 4.2

South Eastern 19.6% 2 4,792 3,417 590 380 263 91 40 7 4 8.7 Alabama 0.8% 32 185 129 28 13 5 4 5 1 10.4 Florida 7.3% 3 1,788 1,317 201 135 95 24 13 1 2 8.4 Georgia 3.0% 7 731 516 90 59 43 15 7 1 7.8 Kentucky 0.8% 30 188 126 17 19 14 10 2 10.9 Mississippi 0.3% 41 81 52 12 9 7 1 5.7 North Carolina 2.4% 12 577 434 69 39 24 6 4 1 7.0 South Carolina 1.1% 27 261 194 31 22 6 5 2 1 7.5 Tennessee 1.3% 24 316 194 56 36 19 9 2 8.5 Virginia 2.7% 10 665 455 86 48 50 18 4 3 1 11.6

Great Lakes 14.7% 4 3,600 2,327 501 361 237 87 59 17 11 14.3 Illinois 5.0% 5 1,230 818 151 103 83 35 25 8 7 19.2 Indiana 1.3% 23 322 220 42 35 21 2 2 6.4 Michigan 2.0% 17 500 303 76 53 34 17 10 5 2 17.1 Minnesota 2.1% 15 526 349 60 55 35 13 10 3 1 14.0 Ohio 2.8% 9 683 429 115 79 37 13 8 1 1 9.7 Wisconsin 1.4% 21 339 208 57 36 27 7 4 9.5

North Central 4.8% 7 1,170 747 172 114 85 25 19 7 1 11.8 Idaho 0.3% 39 82 60 12 6 4 4.4 Iowa 0.6% 34 159 102 18 20 9 4 5 1 14.3 Kansas 0.8% 32 185 128 20 11 17 4 3 2 12.4 Missouri 1.8% 18 442 269 78 37 33 12 10 2 1 13.7 Montana 0.2% 45 59 41 9 7 2 3.6 Nebraska 0.5% 35 132 78 21 18 10 3 2 13.1 North Dakota 0.2% 48 42 22 7 6 5 1 1 8.9 South Dakota 0.2% 49 40 21 6 7 5 1 9.2 Wyoming 0.1% 51 29 26 1 2 2.7

South Central 8.4% 5 2,064 1,344 348 193 106 42 23 4 4 9.7 Arkansas 0.5% 36 131 83 18 13 7 7 3 12.0 Louisiana 0.9% 29 227 147 45 20 7 6 2 7.3 Oklahoma 0.8% 31 186 129 26 17 9 3 2 7.4 Texas 6.2% 4 1,520 985 259 143 83 26 16 4 4 10.1

South Western 6.7% 6 1,650 1,207 210 111 82 26 7 2 5 8.2 Arizona 1.7% 19 426 315 56 24 24 7 5.6 Colorado 2.6% 11 632 470 78 44 25 10 1 1 3 8.4 Nevada 1.1% 26 264 191 34 16 16 3 3 1 9.6 New Mexico 0.3% 39 82 63 10 8 1 3.4 Utah 1.0% 28 246 168 32 19 16 6 3 1 1 12.3

Western 18.9% 3 4,625 3,033 653 428 314 113 66 12 6 10.7 Alaska 0.2% 49 40 27 3 6 4 6.6 California 15.0% 1 3,659 2,378 524 332 254 100 54 12 5 11.2 Hawaii 0.3% 44 67 42 12 7 4 1 1 8.1 Oregon 1.4% 22 337 227 43 40 18 5 3 1 9.8 Washington 2.1% 16 522 359 71 43 34 7 8 8.2

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by Number of

Establishments

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Number of Establishments

14

% of TotalRegion Rank

and State Rank

All Sizes 1-4Empls.

5-9 Empls.

10-19Empls.

20-49Empls.

50-99Empls.

100-249Empls.

250-499Empls.

500+Empls.

Avg. Employees/

Estab.

U.S. states + DC 100.0% - 24,245 15,962 3,501 2,312 1,469 565 296 89 51 11.7

New England 4.8% 8 1,159 733 162 117 94 31 15 6 1 11.1 Connecticut 1.2% 25 293 185 46 25 17 11 5 4 14.3 Maine 0.4% 37 88 65 8 5 7 1 2 7.8 Massachusetts 2.3% 14 558 334 73 68 58 14 8 2 1 12.9 New Hampshire 0.3% 39 82 52 13 10 4 3 Rhode Island 0.4% 38 85 58 15 4 6 2 6.1 Vermont 0.2% 46 53 39 7 5 2 4.1

Mid-Eastern 22.5% 1 5,455 3,366 829 572 372 167 98 35 16 15.0 Delaware 0.3% 44 63 46 9 1 5 1 1 7.7 Washington DC 2.3% 12 566 306 118 79 35 16 8 4 12.0 Maryland 1.6% 20 386 247 61 38 27 11 2 8.5 New Jersey 3.1% 7 753 481 119 72 42 25 13 1 10.2 New York 11.5% 2 2,795 1,729 378 277 210 95 63 29 14 18.6 Pennsylvania 3.5% 6 840 521 137 98 52 19 10 1 2 13.3 West Virginia 0.2% 47 52 36 7 7 1 1 4.4

South Eastern 19.7% 2 4,774 3,399 595 401 241 79 45 9 5 8.8 Alabama 0.8% 33 185 130 31 8 6 4 5 1 10.3 Florida 7.4% 3 1,785 1,319 197 156 73 20 16 2 2 8.5 Georgia 2.9% 8 712 501 88 60 41 14 6 2 8.1 Kentucky 0.8% 31 201 128 23 22 16 9 3 10.6 Mississippi 0.3% 43 78 47 18 6 6 1 4.4 North Carolina 2.3% 12 566 424 69 36 23 7 6 1 7.4 South Carolina 1.0% 28 233 170 37 16 6 2 1 1 8.7 Tennessee 1.4% 23 332 220 53 29 18 10 2 7.7 Virginia 2.8% 10 682 460 79 68 52 15 4 3 1 11.2

Great Lakes 14.8% 4 3,590 2,326 499 358 235 96 49 15 12 14.1 Illinois 5.1% 5 1,227 816 155 100 85 39 14 9 9 19.1 Indiana 1.2% 24 297 188 46 40 19 2 2 7.4 Michigan 2.1% 17 504 311 76 54 32 17 10 2 2 16.3 Minnesota 2.2% 15 532 355 66 51 31 15 10 3 1 13.8 Ohio 2.8% 9 690 438 107 81 38 17 8 1 9.0 Wisconsin 1.4% 22 340 218 49 32 30 6 5 9.4

North Central 4.9% 7 1,190 764 180 120 77 29 12 4 4 10.6 Idaho 0.3% 40 81 58 9 9 2 1 2 0.8 Iowa 0.7% 34 159 105 22 14 11 4 3 9.7 Kansas 0.8% 30 203 143 18 19 13 7 1 2 11.3 Missouri 1.8% 18 426 249 80 46 29 12 7 1 2 14.8 Montana 0.2% 45 60 47 7 6 3.0 Nebraska 0.6% 35 143 87 25 14 13 3 1 10.1 North Dakota 0.2% 49 38 22 8 2 4 1 1 7.9 South Dakota 0.2% 48 47 25 8 8 5 1 7.8 Wyoming 0.1% 51 33 28 3 2 1.6

South Central 8.2% 5 1,997 1,293 347 203 93 36 19 5 1 8.4 Arkansas 0.5% 36 128 87 14 15 7 3 2 9.1 Louisiana 0.9% 29 216 142 41 23 4 4 2 5.5 Oklahoma 0.8% 32 197 134 34 15 11 2 1 3.9 Texas 6.0% 4 1,456 930 258 150 71 27 14 5 1 9.4

South Western 6.8% 6 1,647 1,205 207 135 66 20 9 1 4 9.7 Arizona 1.7% 19 414 303 51 36 17 6 1 5.7 Colorado 2.6% 11 642 476 83 48 22 7 3 1 2 7.5 Nevada 1.1% 26 263 189 36 22 10 2 3 1 9.3 New Mexico 0.3% 40 81 63 8 7 2 1 4.2 Utah 1.0% 27 247 174 29 22 15 4 2 1 24.3

Western 18.3% 3 4,433 2,876 682 406 291 107 49 14 8 10.6 Alaska 0.2% 49 38 28 2 4 4 5.7 California 14.2% 1 3,449 2,195 551 314 237 91 42 13 6 11.3 Hawaii 0.3% 42 79 53 14 6 4 1 1 3.3 Oregon 1.5% 21 355 248 46 39 15 4 1 1 1 8.3 Washington 2.1% 16 512 352 69 43 31 11 5 1 9.0

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by Number of

Establishments

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2013Number of Establishments

15

Region Rank and State Rank All Sizes 1-4

Empls.5-9

Empls.10-19

Empls.20-49

Empls.50-99

Empls.100-249Empls.

250-499Empls.

500+Empls.

Avg. Employees/

Estab.

U.S. states + DC - 229 180 (36) (73) 76 31 50 (1) 2 0.1

New England 8 (43) (32) 7 (13) (7) 1 3 (2) 0.5 Connecticut 26 (14) (12) 2 (1) 3 (5) 1 (2) (1.8)Maine 21 (7) (4) (3) 2 (1) (1) 0.4 Massachusetts 31 (28) (18) 4 (16) (5) 6 1 0.8 New Hampshire 11 6 (3) 9 (1) (2) 2 1 9.4 Rhode Island 13 3 10 (6) 2 (2) (1) (1.7)Vermont 18 (3) (5) 1 1 1.7

Mid-Eastern 6 2 (7) (24) (1) 13 16 5 0.8 Delaware 10 10 8 (2) 5 (1) (0.7)Washington DC 9 11 13 (7) (5) 6 5 (1) 0.3 Maryland 23 (11) (11) (1) 1 (2) 1 1 0.9 New Jersey 32 (54) (48) (10) (5) 8 1 (1) 1 0.9 New York 2 72 59 15 (16) (9) 7 12 (1) 5 1.5 Pennsylvania 30 (22) (15) (5) (3) (5) 2 4 (1.5)West Virginia 19 (4) (6) 3 (1) (0.2)

South Eastern 3 18 18 (5) (21) 22 12 (5) (2) (1) (0.1)Alabama 16 (1) (3) 5 (1) 0.1 Florida 14 3 (2) 4 (21) 22 4 (3) (1) (0.2)Georgia 6 19 15 2 (1) 2 1 1 (1) (0.3)Kentucky 25 (13) (2) (6) (3) (2) 1 (1) 0.3 Mississippi 14 3 5 (6) 3 1 1.3 North Carolina 10 11 10 3 1 (1) (2) (0.3)South Carolina 4 28 24 (6) 6 5 (1) (1.3)Tennessee 27 (16) (26) 3 7 1 (1) 0.8 Virginia 28 (17) (5) 7 (20) (2) 3 0.4

Great Lakes 4 10 1 2 3 2 (9) 10 2 (1) 0.2 Illinois 14 3 2 (4) 3 (2) (4) 11 (1) (2) 0.1 Indiana 5 25 32 (4) (5) 2 (1.1)Michigan 20 (4) (8) (1) 2 3 0.7 Minnesota 20 (6) (6) (6) 4 4 (2) 0.3 Ohio 22 (7) (9) 8 (2) (1) (4) 1 0.7 Wisconsin 17 (1) (10) 8 4 (3) 1 (1) 0.1

North Central 7 (20) (17) (8) (6) 8 (4) 7 3 (3) 1.2 Idaho 15 1 2 3 (3) 2 (1) (2) 3.6 Iowa 17 (3) (4) 6 (2) 2 1 4.6 Kansas 29 (18) (15) 2 (8) 4 (3) 2 1.1 Missouri 7 16 20 (2) (9) 4 3 1 (1) (1.1)Montana 18 (1) (6) 2 1 2 0.6 Nebraska 24 (11) (9) (4) 4 (3) 1 3.0 North Dakota 12 4 (1) 4 1 1.0 South Dakota 22 (7) (4) (2) (1) 1.3 Wyoming 20 (4) (2) (2) 1.1

South Central 2 67 51 1 (10) 13 6 4 (1) 3 1.3 Arkansas 14 3 (4) 4 (2) 4 1 2.9 Louisiana 10 11 5 4 (3) 3 2 1.8 Oklahoma 24 (11) (5) (8) 2 (2) 1 1 3.4 Texas 3 64 55 1 (7) 12 (1) 2 (1) 3 0.8

South Western 5 3 2 3 (24) 16 6 (2) 1 1 (1.5)Arizona 8 12 12 5 (12) 7 1 (1) (0.0)Colorado 22 (10) (6) (5) (4) 3 3 (2) 1 0.9 Nevada 16 1 2 (2) (6) 6 1 0.3 New Mexico 16 1 2 1 (1) (1) (0.8)Utah 18 (1) (6) 3 (3) 1 2 1 1 (11.9)

Western 1 192 157 (29) 22 23 6 17 (2) (2) 0.1 Alaska 14 2 (1) 1 2 0.9 California 1 210 183 (27) 18 17 9 12 (1) (1) (0.1)Hawaii 24 (12) (11) (2) 1 4.8 Oregon 30 (18) (21) (3) 1 3 1 2 (1) 1.4 Washington 11 10 7 2 3 (4) 3 (1) (0.8)

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by Change in Number of

Establishments

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Change in Number of Establishments

16

% of Total Region Rank and State Rank All Sizes Small: 1-9

Empls.Medium: 10-49

Empls.Large: >50+

Empls.

U.S. states + DC 100.0% - 289,309 47,491 76,740 165,078

New England 4.5% 8 12,886 2,202 4,041 6,642 Connecticut 1.2% 20 3,485 591 884 2,010 Maine 0.2% 38 661 113 276 273 Massachusetts 2.5% 11 7,236 1,008 2,364 3,864 New Hampshire 0.3% 37 824 230 161 433 Rhode Island 0.1% 43 391 145 183 63 Vermont 0.1% 47 289 116 173

Mid-Eastern 29.9% 1 86,544 10,896 18,919 56,728 Delaware 0.2% 42 517 114 188 214 Washington DC 2.5% 12 7,095 1,319 2,290 3,486 Maryland 1.2% 19 3,531 776 1,410 1,345 New Jersey 2.7% 8 7,805 1,415 2,437 3,953 New York 19.9% 1 57,581 5,450 9,821 42,310 Pennsylvania 3.3% 6 9,648 1,701 2,680 5,267 West Virginia 0.1% 45 367 121 93 153

South Eastern 14.4% 4 41,695 8,918 13,050 19,727 Alabama 0.7% 32 1,916 405 334 1,177 Florida 5.2% 5 14,988 3,261 4,520 7,207 Georgia 2.0% 15 5,674 1,310 2,069 2,295 Kentucky 0.7% 29 2,054 299 731 1,024 Mississippi 0.2% 39 642 141 348 153 North Carolina 1.4% 18 4,067 1,113 1,325 1,629 South Carolina 0.7% 31 1,945 452 481 1,012 Tennessee 0.9% 24 2,697 713 1,067 917 Virginia 2.7% 9 7,712 1,224 2,175 4,313

Great Lakes 17.8% 2 51,363 6,692 12,121 32,550 Illinois 8.1% 3 23,565 2,121 3,948 17,496 Indiana 0.7% 30 2,048 600 1,066 382 Michigan 2.9% 7 8,529 990 1,687 5,852 Minnesota 2.6% 10 7,382 882 1,737 4,763 Ohio 2.3% 13 6,616 1,404 2,338 2,874 Wisconsin 1.1% 22 3,223 695 1,345 1,183

North Central 4.8% 6 13,931 2,285 3,998 7,648 Idaho 0.1% 46 362 170 192 Iowa 0.8% 28 2,281 290 617 1,374 Kansas 0.8% 27 2,296 317 644 1,335 Missouri 2.1% 14 6,045 950 1,396 3,699 Montana 0.1% 50 229 109 121 Nebraska 0.6% 33 1,731 252 556 924 North Dakota 0.2% 41 537 75 215 247 South Dakota 0.1% 44 372 82 221 69 Wyoming 0.0% 51 78 41 37

South Central 6.9% 5 19,973 4,316 5,591 10,066 Arkansas 0.5% 35 1,568 248 378 942 Louisiana 0.6% 34 1,647 545 463 639 Oklahoma 0.5% 36 1,371 378 507 486 Texas 5.3% 4 15,387 3,145 4,243 7,999

South Western 4.7% 7 13,523 3,187 3,828 6,508 Arizona 0.8% 26 2,396 875 1,020 501 Colorado 1.8% 16 5,286 1,191 1,323 2,772 Nevada 0.9% 25 2,528 523 644 1,361 New Mexico 0.1% 48 279 170 109 Utah 1.0% 23 3,034 428 732 1,874

Western 17.1% 3 49,403 8,995 15,256 25,152 Alaska 0.1% 49 264 61 203 California 14.2% 2 41,044 7,088 12,113 21,843 Hawaii 0.2% 40 542 143 194 205 Oregon 1.1% 21 3,293 676 1,088 1,529 Washington 1.5% 17 4,260 1,027 1,658 1,575

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by Number of Employees

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Number of Employees

17

% of Total Region Rank and State Rank All Sizes 1-4

Empls.5-9

Empls.10-19

Empls.20-49

Empls.50-99

Empls.100-249Empls.

250-499Empls.

500+Empls.

U.S. states + DC 100.0% - 289,309 24,346 23,145 30,109 46,631 41,300 51,390 30,186 42,202

New England 4.5% 8 12,886 1,070 1,132 1,408 2,633 2,191 2,542 1,295 615 Connecticut 1.2% 20 3,485 285 306 313 571 422 957 631 Maine 0.2% 38 661 83 30 91 185 273 Massachusetts 2.5% 11 7,236 477 531 722 1,642 1,409 1,176 664 615 New Hampshire 0.3% 37 824 78 152 116 45 297 136 Rhode Island 0.1% 43 391 93 52 67 116 63 Vermont 0.1% 47 289 54 62 99 75

Mid-Eastern 29.9% 1 86,544 5,386 5,510 7,441 11,478 12,489 16,882 11,774 15,583 Delaware 0.2% 42 517 73 41 77 112 57 158 Washington DC 2.5% 12 7,095 572 747 1,006 1,284 1,358 1,191 937 Maryland 1.2% 19 3,531 348 428 514 896 651 419 275 New Jersey 2.7% 8 7,805 706 709 882 1,555 1,790 1,657 506 New York 19.9% 1 57,581 2,837 2,613 3,630 6,191 7,141 11,410 9,684 14,075 Pennsylvania 3.3% 6 9,648 796 905 1,240 1,440 1,492 1,895 372 1,508 West Virginia 0.1% 45 367 54 67 93 153

South Eastern 14.4% 4 41,695 4,960 3,958 5,123 7,927 6,172 5,628 2,405 5,523 Alabama 0.7% 32 1,916 218 187 171 163 238 639 300 Florida 5.2% 5 14,988 1,868 1,393 1,776 2,744 1,677 1,695 314 3,521 Georgia 2.0% 15 5,674 710 600 807 1,262 1,023 965 307 Kentucky 0.7% 29 2,054 198 101 264 467 726 298 Mississippi 0.2% 39 642 64 77 121 227 153 North Carolina 1.4% 18 4,067 659 454 547 778 384 551 694 South Carolina 0.7% 31 1,945 256 196 313 168 335 294 383 Tennessee 0.9% 24 2,697 333 380 502 565 628 289 Virginia 2.7% 9 7,712 654 570 623 1,552 1,161 743 1,101 1,308

Great Lakes 17.8% 2 51,363 3,312 3,380 4,865 7,256 6,220 9,480 6,368 10,482 Illinois 8.1% 3 23,565 1,106 1,015 1,425 2,523 2,491 3,877 3,237 7,891 Indiana 0.7% 30 2,048 327 273 443 623 132 250 Michigan 2.9% 7 8,529 478 512 717 970 1,216 1,703 1,654 1,279 Minnesota 2.6% 10 7,382 466 416 715 1,022 952 1,792 1,208 812 Ohio 2.3% 13 6,616 626 778 1,065 1,273 942 1,162 270 500 Wisconsin 1.1% 22 3,223 309 386 500 845 487 696

North Central 4.8% 6 13,931 1,147 1,138 1,497 2,500 1,770 2,719 2,557 602 Idaho 0.1% 46 362 88 82 77 115 Iowa 0.8% 28 2,281 180 110 301 316 276 645 453 Kansas 0.8% 27 2,296 200 117 142 502 267 422 646 Missouri 2.1% 14 6,045 410 540 475 921 845 1,499 753 602 Montana 0.1% 50 229 52 57 80 41 Nebraska 0.6% 33 1,731 116 136 229 327 219 705 North Dakota 0.2% 41 537 32 43 75 140 94 153 South Dakota 0.1% 44 372 39 43 82 139 69 Wyoming 0.0% 51 78 31 10 37

South Central 6.9% 5 19,973 2,058 2,258 2,582 3,009 2,587 3,487 1,308 2,684 Arkansas 0.5% 35 1,568 134 114 175 203 432 510 Louisiana 0.6% 34 1,647 250 295 277 186 375 264 Oklahoma 0.5% 36 1,371 206 172 248 259 183 303 Texas 5.3% 4 15,387 1,468 1,677 1,883 2,360 1,596 2,411 1,308 2,684

South Western 4.7% 7 13,523 1,743 1,444 1,499 2,328 1,802 1,012 659 3,036 Arizona 0.8% 26 2,396 492 383 331 689 501 Colorado 1.8% 16 5,286 660 531 588 735 706 121 293 1,652 Nevada 0.9% 25 2,528 285 238 226 418 214 442 706 New Mexico 0.1% 48 279 97 73 88 21 Utah 1.0% 23 3,034 209 219 266 466 381 449 366 678

Western 17.1% 3 49,403 4,661 4,334 5,677 9,579 8,063 9,679 3,808 3,601 Alaska 0.1% 49 264 35 26 80 123 California 14.2% 2 41,044 3,614 3,474 4,342 7,771 7,121 7,878 3,808 3,036 Hawaii 0.2% 40 542 63 80 90 104 65 140 Oregon 1.1% 21 3,293 387 289 570 518 418 546 565 Washington 1.5% 17 4,260 562 465 595 1,063 459 1,116

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by Number of Employees

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Number of Employees

18

% of Total Region Rank and State Rank All Sizes Small: 1-9

Empls.Medium: 10-49

Empls.Large: >50+

Empls.

U.S. states + DC 100.0% - $24,043 $3,281 $5,888 $14,875

New England 4.5% 6 $1,080 $148 $321 $611Connecticut 1.2% 19 $281 $43 $75 $163Maine 0.2% 38 $38 $5 $17 $16Massachusetts 2.8% 8 $671 $68 $197 $406New Hampshire 0.2% 37 $46 $14 $10 $22Rhode Island 0.1% 42 $27 $9 $13 $5Vermont 0.1% 46 $18 $8 $10

Mid-Eastern 35.7% 1 $8,591 $923 $1,771 $5,897Delaware 0.1% 39 $33 $7 $14 $12Washington DC 4.1% 5 $995 $207 $359 $429Maryland 0.9% 21 $224 $51 $92 $81New Jersey 2.5% 11 $610 $95 $194 $322New York 25.2% 1 $6,062 $456 $904 $4,701Pennsylvania 2.7% 9 $649 $101 $203 $345West Virginia 0.1% 47 $18 $6 $4 $7

South Eastern 11.9% 4 $2,859 $528 $850 $1,481Alabama 0.4% 33 $106 $20 $19 $67Florida 3.8% 6 $905 $181 $299 $425Georgia 1.7% 16 $405 $86 $137 $182Kentucky 0.5% 30 $115 $14 $37 $63Mississippi 0.1% 40 $32 $6 $19 $7North Carolina 1.3% 18 $308 $61 $91 $156South Carolina 0.4% 34 $105 $26 $24 $55Tennessee 0.7% 23 $162 $40 $58 $64Virginia 3.0% 7 $721 $92 $166 $463

Great Lakes 16.6% 3 $3,981 $424 $851 $2,706Illinois 8.8% 3 $2,107 $156 $310 $1,640Indiana 0.5% 31 $113 $30 $64 $19Michigan 2.6% 10 $618 $65 $120 $432Minnesota 2.2% 12 $529 $58 $126 $345Ohio 1.7% 15 $414 $78 $146 $190Wisconsin 0.8% 22 $201 $36 $85 $80

North Central 3.9% 7 $926 $131 $248 $547Idaho 0.1% 45 $19 $7 $11Iowa 0.5% 28 $117 $18 $41 $57Kansas 0.6% 25 $145 $23 $41 $82Missouri 2.0% 13 $472 $54 $92 $327Montana 0.0% 50 $10 $4 $6Nebraska 0.5% 32 $109 $13 $32 $64North Dakota 0.1% 41 $28 $4 $10 $13South Dakota 0.1% 44 $22 $5 $12 $4Wyoming 0.0% 51 $5 $2 $2

South Central 5.9% 5 $1,410 $265 $371 $774Arkansas 0.5% 29 $116 $15 $24 $77Louisiana 0.4% 35 $92 $31 $32 $29Oklahoma 0.4% 36 $85 $18 $30 $37Texas 4.6% 4 $1,117 $201 $286 $630

South Western 3.5% 8 $852 $186 $230 $436Arizona 0.5% 27 $129 $48 $55 $26Colorado 1.7% 14 $415 $77 $90 $249Nevada 0.6% 24 $152 $34 $34 $84New Mexico 0.1% 49 $15 $8 $6Utah 0.6% 26 $141 $19 $44 $77

Western 18.1% 2 $4,351 $678 $1,249 $2,424Alaska 0.1% 48 $16 $3 $13California 15.3% 2 $3,690 $557 $1,024 $2,108Hawaii 0.1% 43 $26 $6 $11 $9Oregon 1.1% 20 $260 $37 $81 $142Washington 1.5% 17 $359 $73 $120 $165

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by Payrolls

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Total Payrolls ($Millions)

19

% of Total Region Rank and State Rank All Sizes 1-4

Empls.5-9

Empls.10-19

Empls.20-49

Empls.50-99

Empls.100-249Empls.

250-499Empls.

500+Empls.

U.S. states + DC 100.0% - $24,043 $1,694 $1,588 $2,232 $3,656 $3,529 $4,532 $2,786 $4,028

New England 4.5% 6 $1,080 $76 $72 $100 $221 $213 $215 $110 $73Connecticut 1.2% 19 $281 $21 $22 $22 $53 $39 $93 $31Maine 0.2% 38 $38 $4 $1 $4 $12 $16Massachusetts 2.8% 8 $671 $36 $32 $58 $139 $154 $100 $79 $73New Hampshire 0.2% 37 $46 $6 $8 $7 $3 $16 $6Rhode Island 0.1% 42 $27 $6 $3 $4 $9 $5Vermont 0.1% 46 $18 $3 $5 $5 $6

Mid-Eastern 35.7% 1 $8,591 $445 $479 $697 $1,074 $1,261 $1,822 $1,236 $1,578Delaware 0.1% 39 $33 $5 $2 $7 $7 $6 $5Washington DC 4.1% 5 $995 $99 $108 $163 $196 $145 $188 $96Maryland 0.9% 21 $224 $23 $28 $34 $58 $48 $22 $11New Jersey 2.5% 11 $610 $46 $49 $65 $129 $154 $132 $35New York 25.2% 1 $6,062 $222 $234 $331 $574 $798 $1,351 $1,058 $1,494Pennsylvania 2.7% 9 $649 $47 $53 $92 $111 $109 $116 $36 $84West Virginia 0.1% 47 $18 $3 $3 $4 $7

South Eastern 11.9% 4 $2,859 $299 $229 $333 $517 $402 $388 $182 $509Alabama 0.4% 33 $106 $12 $9 $9 $10 $14 $37 $15Florida 3.8% 6 $905 $105 $77 $116 $183 $102 $109 $15 $198Georgia 1.7% 16 $405 $47 $39 $56 $81 $74 $80 $28Kentucky 0.5% 30 $115 $9 $5 $16 $21 $43 $20Mississippi 0.1% 40 $32 $3 $4 $6 $12 $7North Carolina 1.3% 18 $308 $36 $25 $36 $55 $27 $47 $81South Carolina 0.4% 34 $105 $15 $11 $17 $7 $19 $14 $21Tennessee 0.7% 23 $162 $20 $20 $27 $31 $37 $27Virginia 3.0% 7 $721 $52 $40 $50 $116 $85 $45 $102 $230

Great Lakes 16.6% 3 $3,981 $215 $209 $323 $528 $443 $700 $550 $1,013Illinois 8.8% 3 $2,107 $83 $73 $109 $201 $211 $311 $300 $819Indiana 0.5% 31 $113 $18 $12 $23 $41 $11 $8Michigan 2.6% 10 $618 $30 $35 $49 $71 $71 $123 $130 $108Minnesota 2.2% 12 $529 $31 $28 $54 $72 $70 $139 $95 $40Ohio 1.7% 15 $414 $36 $42 $61 $85 $50 $68 $25 $46Wisconsin 0.8% 22 $201 $17 $19 $27 $58 $29 $51

North Central 3.9% 7 $926 $66 $64 $84 $164 $103 $202 $174 $68Idaho 0.1% 45 $19 $4 $4 $5 $6Iowa 0.5% 28 $117 $10 $8 $17 $24 $11 $41 $5Kansas 0.6% 25 $145 $16 $7 $9 $32 $12 $40 $30Missouri 2.0% 13 $472 $22 $32 $27 $64 $56 $115 $87 $68Montana 0.0% 50 $10 $2 $2 $4 $2Nebraska 0.5% 32 $109 $6 $7 $12 $20 $13 $51North Dakota 0.1% 41 $28 $2 $2 $4 $7 $6 $7South Dakota 0.1% 44 $22 $4 $2 $4 $8 $4Wyoming 0.0% 51 $5 $2 $1 $2

South Central 5.9% 5 $1,410 $134 $130 $170 $201 $185 $251 $145 $192Arkansas 0.5% 29 $116 $9 $6 $8 $15 $27 $50Louisiana 0.4% 35 $92 $15 $16 $20 $12 $18 $11Oklahoma 0.4% 36 $85 $10 $8 $16 $14 $16 $21Texas 4.6% 4 $1,117 $100 $100 $126 $160 $124 $169 $145 $192

South Western 3.5% 8 $852 $102 $84 $95 $136 $129 $51 $39 $216Arizona 0.5% 27 $129 $26 $23 $18 $37 $26Colorado 1.7% 14 $415 $44 $33 $43 $46 $65 $4 $28 $152Nevada 0.6% 24 $152 $18 $16 $14 $21 $11 $29 $44New Mexico 0.1% 49 $15 $5 $3 $5 $1Utah 0.6% 26 $141 $9 $10 $14 $30 $28 $18 $11 $20

Western 18.1% 2 $4,351 $357 $321 $432 $817 $792 $922 $363 $348Alaska 0.1% 48 $16 $2 $1 $4 $9California 15.3% 2 $3,690 $292 $266 $344 $680 $713 $755 $363 $277Hawaii 0.1% 43 $26 $2 $4 $6 $4 $4 $5Oregon 1.1% 20 $260 $22 $15 $37 $44 $29 $42 $71Washington 1.5% 17 $359 $39 $34 $40 $80 $46 $119

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by Payrolls

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Total Payrolls ($Millions)

20

% of Total Region Rank and State Rank All Sizes Small: 1-9

Empls.Medium: 10-49

Empls.Large: >50+

Empls.

U.S. states + DC 100.0% - $61,268 $8,173 $15,587 $37,507

New England 4.4% 8 $2,683 $380 $823 $1,480Connecticut 1.2% 19 $728 $102 $179 $448Maine 0.2% 38 $135 $19 $56 $60Massachusetts 2.5% 11 $1,525 $174 $484 $867New Hampshire 0.3% 37 $165 $40 $32 $93Rhode Island 0.1% 43 $75 $25 $37 $13Vermont 0.1% 47 $55 $20 $35

Mid-Eastern 30.5% 1 $18,710 $1,876 $3,854 $12,980Delaware 0.2% 42 $104 $20 $38 $47Washington DC 2.5% 12 $1,520 $227 $472 $821Maryland 1.2% 20 $717 $134 $286 $297New Jersey 2.6% 9 $1,604 $244 $494 $866New York 20.7% 1 $12,671 $938 $2,004 $9,729Pennsylvania 3.3% 6 $2,021 $294 $541 $1,187West Virginia 0.1% 45 $73 $21 $18 $34

South Eastern 14.2% 4 $8,689 $1,531 $2,646 $4,511Alabama 0.6% 32 $396 $70 $67 $259Florida 5.1% 5 $3,145 $559 $917 $1,669Georgia 1.9% 15 $1,151 $225 $420 $506Kentucky 0.7% 29 $419 $51 $148 $220Mississippi 0.2% 39 $128 $24 $70 $34North Carolina 1.4% 18 $830 $191 $269 $370South Carolina 0.7% 31 $398 $78 $97 $224Tennessee 0.9% 24 $538 $123 $216 $199Virginia 2.7% 8 $1,684 $210 $443 $1,031

Great Lakes 18.0% 2 $11,056 $1,153 $2,457 $7,446Illinois 8.6% 3 $5,252 $365 $802 $4,085Indiana 0.7% 30 $403 $103 $216 $84Michigan 3.0% 7 $1,831 $171 $343 $1,318Minnesota 2.6% 10 $1,570 $152 $351 $1,067Ohio 2.2% 13 $1,351 $243 $473 $636Wisconsin 1.1% 22 $650 $120 $273 $257

North Central 4.8% 6 $2,929 $394 $810 $1,725Idaho 0.1% 46 $68 $29 $39Iowa 0.8% 26 $490 $50 $124 $316Kansas 0.8% 27 $484 $54 $131 $299Missouri 2.1% 14 $1,283 $164 $284 $834Montana 0.1% 50 $43 $19 $24Nebraska 0.6% 33 $364 $43 $112 $208North Dakota 0.2% 41 $110 $13 $44 $54South Dakota 0.1% 44 $74 $14 $45 $15Wyoming 0.0% 51 $14 $7 $7

South Central 6.7% 5 $4,134 $745 $1,131 $2,258Arkansas 0.5% 34 $327 $43 $77 $207Louisiana 0.5% 35 $325 $94 $93 $138Oklahoma 0.4% 36 $274 $65 $102 $106Texas 5.2% 4 $3,209 $543 $859 $1,807

South Western 4.6% 7 $2,798 $548 $775 $1,475Arizona 0.8% 28 $464 $150 $207 $106Colorado 1.8% 16 $1,106 $204 $267 $634Nevada 0.9% 25 $531 $90 $131 $310New Mexico 0.1% 49 $51 $29 $22Utah 1.1% 23 $646 $74 $148 $424

Western 16.8% 3 $10,275 $1,547 $3,103 $5,624Alaska 0.1% 48 $52 $10 $41California 14.0% 2 $8,564 $1,220 $2,465 $4,880Hawaii 0.2% 40 $111 $25 $39 $47Oregon 1.1% 21 $683 $116 $220 $347Washington 1.4% 17 $864 $176 $338 $350

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by Sales

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Value of Sales/Shipments ($Millions)

21

% of Total Region Rank and State Rank All Sizes 1-4

Empls.5-9

Empls.10-19

Empls.20-49

Empls.50-99

Empls.100-249Empls.

250-499Empls.

500+Empls.

U.S. states + DC 100.0% - $61,268 $4,076 $4,097 $5,978 $9,609 $8,868 $11,476 $6,976 $10,186

New England 4.4% 8 $2,683 $179 $201 $280 $544 $473 $568 $295 $145Connecticut 1.2% 19 $728 $48 $54 $62 $117 $91 $214 $143Maine 0.2% 38 $135 $14 $5 $18 $38 $60Massachusetts 2.5% 11 $1,525 $80 $94 $144 $341 $305 $264 $152 $145New Hampshire 0.3% 37 $165 $13 $27 $23 $9 $63 $30Rhode Island 0.1% 43 $75 $16 $9 $13 $24 $13Vermont 0.1% 47 $55 $9 $11 $20 $16

Mid-Eastern 30.5% 1 $18,710 $902 $975 $1,480 $2,374 $2,696 $3,800 $2,729 $3,754Delaware 0.2% 42 $104 $12 $7 $15 $23 $12 $35Washington DC 2.5% 12 $1,520 $96 $132 $202 $271 $302 $283 $236Maryland 1.2% 20 $717 $58 $76 $102 $184 $140 $95 $63New Jersey 2.6% 9 $1,604 $118 $125 $175 $320 $382 $368 $116New York 20.7% 1 $12,671 $475 $463 $722 $1,282 $1,541 $2,570 $2,229 $3,389Pennsylvania 3.3% 6 $2,021 $133 $160 $246 $295 $320 $417 $85 $365West Virginia 0.1% 45 $73 $9 $12 $18 $34

South Eastern 14.2% 4 $8,689 $831 $701 $1,017 $1,630 $1,318 $1,246 $547 $1,400Alabama 0.6% 32 $396 $37 $33 $34 $33 $51 $141 $68Florida 5.1% 5 $3,145 $313 $246 $353 $564 $357 $373 $71 $867Georgia 1.9% 15 $1,151 $119 $106 $160 $260 $218 $217 $70Kentucky 0.7% 29 $419 $33 $18 $52 $96 $154 $66Mississippi 0.2% 39 $128 $11 $14 $24 $47 $34North Carolina 1.4% 18 $830 $110 $81 $108 $160 $82 $124 $164South Carolina 0.7% 31 $398 $43 $35 $62 $35 $71 $65 $88Tennessee 0.9% 24 $538 $56 $67 $100 $116 $135 $64Virginia 2.7% 8 $1,684 $109 $101 $124 $319 $249 $163 $250 $369

Great Lakes 18.0% 2 $11,056 $555 $598 $965 $1,492 $1,331 $2,099 $1,475 $2,541Illinois 8.6% 3 $5,252 $185 $180 $283 $519 $536 $856 $760 $1,932Indiana 0.7% 30 $403 $55 $48 $88 $128 $29 $55Michigan 3.0% 7 $1,831 $80 $91 $142 $200 $260 $378 $378 $302Minnesota 2.6% 10 $1,570 $78 $74 $142 $209 $202 $400 $275 $189Ohio 2.2% 13 $1,351 $105 $138 $211 $262 $201 $256 $62 $118Wisconsin 1.1% 22 $650 $52 $68 $99 $173 $103 $154

North Central 4.8% 6 $2,929 $192 $202 $296 $514 $377 $601 $605 $142Idaho 0.1% 46 $68 $15 $15 $15 $23Iowa 0.8% 26 $490 $30 $19 $59 $65 $60 $142 $114Kansas 0.8% 27 $484 $33 $21 $28 $103 $57 $95 $147Missouri 2.1% 14 $1,283 $69 $96 $94 $190 $179 $331 $182 $142Montana 0.1% 50 $43 $9 $10 $16 $8Nebraska 0.6% 33 $364 $19 $24 $45 $67 $46 $161North Dakota 0.2% 41 $110 $5 $8 $15 $29 $20 $34South Dakota 0.1% 44 $74 $6 $8 $16 $28 $15Wyoming 0.0% 51 $14 $5 $2 $7

South Central 6.7% 5 $4,134 $345 $400 $512 $619 $551 $776 $300 $631Arkansas 0.5% 34 $327 $22 $20 $35 $42 $92 $116Louisiana 0.5% 35 $325 $42 $52 $55 $38 $80 $58Oklahoma 0.4% 36 $274 $35 $30 $49 $53 $40 $67Texas 5.2% 4 $3,209 $246 $297 $374 $485 $340 $536 $300 $631

South Western 4.6% 7 $2,798 $292 $256 $298 $478 $384 $226 $151 $715Arizona 0.8% 28 $464 $82 $68 $66 $141 $106Colorado 1.8% 16 $1,106 $111 $94 $116 $151 $150 $29 $67 $388Nevada 0.9% 25 $531 $48 $42 $45 $86 $46 $98 $167New Mexico 0.1% 49 $51 $16 $13 $18 $4Utah 1.1% 23 $646 $35 $39 $53 $96 $81 $99 $84 $160

Western 16.8% 3 $10,275 $780 $767 $1,128 $1,975 $1,737 $2,167 $871 $850Alaska 0.1% 48 $52 $6 $5 $16 $25California 14.0% 2 $8,564 $605 $615 $862 $1,603 $1,533 $1,759 $871 $716Hawaii 0.2% 40 $111 $11 $14 $18 $21 $14 $33Oregon 1.1% 21 $683 $65 $51 $113 $107 $90 $124 $133Washington 1.4% 17 $864 $94 $82 $118 $219 $99 $251

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by Sales

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Value of Sales/Shipments ($Millions)

22

% of Total Region Rank and State Rank All Sizes Small: 1-9

Empls.Medium: 10-49

Empls.Large: >50+

Empls.

U.S. states + DC 100.0% - $1,501.1 $200.2 $381.9 $918.9

New England 4.4% 8 $65.7 $9.3 $20.2 $36.3Connecticut 1.2% 19 $17.8 $2.5 $4.4 $11.0Maine 0.2% 38 $3.3 $0.5 $1.4 $1.5Massachusetts 2.5% 11 $37.4 $4.3 $11.9 $21.2New Hampshire 0.3% 37 $4.0 $1.0 $0.8 $2.3Rhode Island 0.1% 43 $1.8 $0.6 $0.9 $0.3Vermont 0.1% 47 $1.3 $0.5 $0.9

Mid-Eastern 30.5% 1 $458.4 $46.0 $94.4 $318.0Delaware 0.2% 42 $2.6 $0.5 $0.9 $1.1Washington DC 2.5% 12 $37.2 $5.6 $11.6 $20.1Maryland 1.2% 20 $17.6 $3.3 $7.0 $7.3New Jersey 2.6% 9 $39.3 $6.0 $12.1 $21.2New York 20.7% 1 $310.4 $23.0 $49.1 $238.4Pennsylvania 3.3% 6 $49.5 $7.2 $13.2 $29.1West Virginia 0.1% 45 $1.8 $0.5 $0.5 $0.8

South Eastern 14.2% 4 $212.9 $37.5 $64.8 $110.5Alabama 0.6% 32 $9.7 $1.7 $1.6 $6.3Florida 5.1% 5 $77.1 $13.7 $22.5 $40.9Georgia 1.9% 15 $28.2 $5.5 $10.3 $12.4Kentucky 0.7% 29 $10.3 $1.3 $3.6 $5.4Mississippi 0.2% 39 $3.1 $0.6 $1.7 $0.8North Carolina 1.4% 18 $20.3 $4.7 $6.6 $9.1South Carolina 0.7% 31 $9.8 $1.9 $2.4 $5.5Tennessee 0.9% 24 $13.2 $3.0 $5.3 $4.9Virginia 2.7% 8 $41.2 $5.1 $10.8 $25.3

Great Lakes 18.0% 2 $270.9 $28.2 $60.2 $182.4Illinois 8.6% 3 $128.7 $8.9 $19.7 $100.1Indiana 0.7% 30 $9.9 $2.5 $5.3 $2.1Michigan 3.0% 7 $44.9 $4.2 $8.4 $32.3Minnesota 2.6% 10 $38.5 $3.7 $8.6 $26.1Ohio 2.2% 13 $33.1 $5.9 $11.6 $15.6Wisconsin 1.1% 22 $15.9 $2.9 $6.7 $6.3

North Central 4.8% 6 $71.8 $9.6 $19.9 $42.3Idaho 0.1% 46 $1.7 $0.7 $0.9Iowa 0.8% 26 $12.0 $1.2 $3.0 $7.7Kansas 0.8% 27 $11.9 $1.3 $3.2 $7.3Missouri 2.1% 14 $31.4 $4.0 $7.0 $20.4Montana 0.1% 50 $1.1 $0.5 $0.6Nebraska 0.6% 33 $8.9 $1.1 $2.8 $5.1North Dakota 0.2% 41 $2.7 $0.3 $1.1 $1.3South Dakota 0.1% 44 $1.8 $0.3 $1.1 $0.4Wyoming 0.0% 51 $0.3 $0.2 $0.2

South Central 6.7% 5 $101.3 $18.3 $27.7 $55.3Arkansas 0.5% 34 $8.0 $1.0 $1.9 $5.1Louisiana 0.5% 35 $8.0 $2.3 $2.3 $3.4Oklahoma 0.4% 36 $6.7 $1.6 $2.5 $2.6Texas 5.2% 4 $78.6 $13.3 $21.0 $44.3

South Western 4.6% 7 $68.6 $13.4 $19.0 $36.1Arizona 0.8% 28 $11.4 $3.7 $5.1 $2.6Colorado 1.8% 16 $27.1 $5.0 $6.6 $15.5Nevada 0.9% 25 $13.0 $2.2 $3.2 $7.6New Mexico 0.1% 49 $1.3 $0.7 $0.5Utah 1.1% 23 $15.8 $1.8 $3.6 $10.4

Western 16.8% 3 $251.7 $37.9 $76.0 $137.8Alaska 0.1% 48 $1.3 $0.3 $1.0California 14.0% 2 $209.8 $29.9 $60.4 $119.6Hawaii 0.2% 40 $2.7 $0.6 $1.0 $1.2Oregon 1.1% 21 $16.7 $2.8 $5.4 $8.5Washington 1.4% 17 $21.2 $4.3 $8.3 $8.6

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by CapEx

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Value of Capital Expenditure ($M)

23

% of Total Region Rank and State Rank All Sizes 1-4

Empls.5-9

Empls.10-19

Empls.20-49

Empls.50-99

Empls.100-249Empls.

250-499Empls.

500+Empls.

U.S. states + DC 100.0% - $1,501.1 $99.9 $100.4 $146.5 $235.4 $217.3 $281.2 $170.9 $249.6

New England 4.4% 8 $65.7 $4.4 $4.9 $6.8 $13.3 $11.6 $13.9 $7.2 $3.6Connecticut 1.2% 19 $17.8 $1.2 $1.3 $1.5 $2.9 $2.2 $5.3 $3.5Maine 0.2% 38 $3.3 $0.3 $0.1 $0.4 $0.9 $1.5Massachusetts 2.5% 11 $37.4 $2.0 $2.3 $3.5 $8.3 $7.5 $6.5 $3.7 $3.6New Hampshire 0.3% 37 $4.0 $0.3 $0.7 $0.6 $0.2 $1.5 $0.7Rhode Island 0.1% 43 $1.8 $0.4 $0.2 $0.3 $0.6 $0.3Vermont 0.1% 47 $1.3 $0.2 $0.3 $0.5 $0.4

Mid-Eastern 30.5% 1 $458.4 $22.1 $23.9 $36.3 $58.2 $66.1 $93.1 $66.9 $92.0Delaware 0.2% 42 $2.6 $0.3 $0.2 $0.4 $0.6 $0.3 $0.8Washington DC 2.5% 12 $37.2 $2.3 $3.2 $4.9 $6.6 $7.4 $6.9 $5.8Maryland 1.2% 20 $17.6 $1.4 $1.9 $2.5 $4.5 $3.4 $2.3 $1.5New Jersey 2.6% 9 $39.3 $2.9 $3.1 $4.3 $7.8 $9.4 $9.0 $2.8New York 20.7% 1 $310.4 $11.6 $11.3 $17.7 $31.4 $37.7 $63.0 $54.6 $83.0Pennsylvania 3.3% 6 $49.5 $3.3 $3.9 $6.0 $7.2 $7.8 $10.2 $2.1 $8.9West Virginia 0.1% 45 $1.8 $0.2 $0.3 $0.5 $0.8

South Eastern 14.2% 4 $212.9 $20.3 $17.2 $24.9 $39.9 $32.3 $30.5 $13.4 $34.3Alabama 0.6% 32 $9.7 $0.9 $0.8 $0.8 $0.8 $1.2 $3.4 $1.7Florida 5.1% 5 $77.1 $7.7 $6.0 $8.6 $13.8 $8.8 $9.1 $1.7 $21.2Georgia 1.9% 15 $28.2 $2.9 $2.6 $3.9 $6.4 $5.4 $5.3 $1.7Kentucky 0.7% 29 $10.3 $0.8 $0.4 $1.3 $2.3 $3.8 $1.6Mississippi 0.2% 39 $3.1 $0.3 $0.3 $0.6 $1.1 $0.8North Carolina 1.4% 18 $20.3 $2.7 $2.0 $2.7 $3.9 $2.0 $3.0 $4.0South Carolina 0.7% 31 $9.8 $1.1 $0.8 $1.5 $0.9 $1.7 $1.6 $2.1Tennessee 0.9% 24 $13.2 $1.4 $1.6 $2.4 $2.8 $3.3 $1.6Virginia 2.7% 8 $41.2 $2.7 $2.5 $3.0 $7.8 $6.1 $4.0 $6.1 $9.0

Great Lakes 18.0% 2 $270.9 $13.6 $14.7 $23.6 $36.6 $32.6 $51.4 $36.1 $62.3Illinois 8.6% 3 $128.7 $4.5 $4.4 $6.9 $12.7 $13.1 $21.0 $18.6 $47.3Indiana 0.7% 30 $9.9 $1.3 $1.2 $2.1 $3.1 $0.7 $1.3Michigan 3.0% 7 $44.9 $2.0 $2.2 $3.5 $4.9 $6.4 $9.3 $9.3 $7.4Minnesota 2.6% 10 $38.5 $1.9 $1.8 $3.5 $5.1 $4.9 $9.8 $6.7 $4.6Ohio 2.2% 13 $33.1 $2.6 $3.4 $5.2 $6.4 $4.9 $6.3 $1.5 $2.9Wisconsin 1.1% 22 $15.9 $1.3 $1.7 $2.4 $4.2 $2.5 $3.8

North Central 4.8% 6 $71.8 $4.7 $4.9 $7.3 $12.6 $9.2 $14.7 $14.8 $3.5Idaho 0.1% 46 $1.7 $0.4 $0.4 $0.4 $0.6Iowa 0.8% 26 $12.0 $0.7 $0.5 $1.5 $1.6 $1.5 $3.5 $2.8Kansas 0.8% 27 $11.9 $0.8 $0.5 $0.7 $2.5 $1.4 $2.3 $3.6Missouri 2.1% 14 $31.4 $1.7 $2.3 $2.3 $4.7 $4.4 $8.1 $4.5 $3.5Montana 0.1% 50 $1.1 $0.2 $0.2 $0.4 $0.2Nebraska 0.6% 33 $8.9 $0.5 $0.6 $1.1 $1.6 $1.1 $4.0North Dakota 0.2% 41 $2.7 $0.1 $0.2 $0.4 $0.7 $0.5 $0.8South Dakota 0.1% 44 $1.8 $0.2 $0.2 $0.4 $0.7 $0.4Wyoming 0.0% 51 $0.3 $0.1 $0.0 $0.2

South Central 6.7% 5 $101.3 $8.4 $9.8 $12.6 $15.2 $13.5 $19.0 $7.3 $15.5Arkansas 0.5% 34 $8.0 $0.6 $0.5 $0.8 $1.0 $2.3 $2.8Louisiana 0.5% 35 $8.0 $1.0 $1.3 $1.3 $0.9 $2.0 $1.4Oklahoma 0.4% 36 $6.7 $0.8 $0.7 $1.2 $1.3 $1.0 $1.6Texas 5.2% 4 $78.6 $6.0 $7.3 $9.2 $11.9 $8.3 $13.1 $7.3 $15.5

South Western 4.6% 7 $68.6 $7.2 $6.3 $7.3 $11.7 $9.4 $5.5 $3.7 $17.5Arizona 0.8% 28 $11.4 $2.0 $1.7 $1.6 $3.5 $2.6Colorado 1.8% 16 $27.1 $2.7 $2.3 $2.9 $3.7 $3.7 $0.7 $1.6 $9.5Nevada 0.9% 25 $13.0 $1.2 $1.0 $1.1 $2.1 $1.1 $2.4 $4.1New Mexico 0.1% 49 $1.3 $0.4 $0.3 $0.4 $0.1Utah 1.1% 23 $15.8 $0.9 $1.0 $1.3 $2.3 $2.0 $2.4 $2.1 $3.9

Western 16.8% 3 $251.7 $19.1 $18.8 $27.6 $48.4 $42.5 $53.1 $21.3 $20.8Alaska 0.1% 48 $1.3 $0.1 $0.1 $0.4 $0.6California 14.0% 2 $209.8 $14.8 $15.1 $21.1 $39.3 $37.6 $43.1 $21.3 $17.6Hawaii 0.2% 40 $2.7 $0.3 $0.3 $0.4 $0.5 $0.3 $0.8Oregon 1.1% 21 $16.7 $1.6 $1.3 $2.8 $2.6 $2.2 $3.0 $3.3Washington 1.4% 17 $21.2 $2.3 $2.0 $2.9 $5.4 $2.4 $6.1

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by CapEx

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Value of Capital Expenditure ($M)

24

% of Total Rank All Sizes Small: 1-9 Empls.

Medium: 10-49 Empls.

Large: >50+ Empls.

Employees/Estab. Employees Payrolls ($MM) Sales ($MM) CapEx ($MM)

U.S. states + DC 100.0% - 24,474 19,607 3,784 1,083 11.8 289,309 $24,043 $61,268 $1,501California 15.0% 1 3,659 2,902 586 171 11.2 41,044 $3,690 $8,564 $210New York 11.7% 2 2,867 2,181 462 224 20.1 57,581 $6,062 $12,671 $310Florida 7.3% 3 1,788 1,518 230 40 8.4 14,988 $905 $3,145 $77Texas 6.2% 4 1,520 1,244 226 50 10.1 15,387 $1,117 $3,209 $79Illinois 5.0% 5 1,230 969 186 75 19.2 23,565 $2,107 $5,252 $129Pennsylvania 3.3% 6 818 638 142 38 11.8 9,648 $649 $2,021 $50Georgia 3.0% 7 731 606 102 23 7.8 5,674 $405 $1,151 $28New Jersey 2.9% 8 699 542 117 40 11.2 7,805 $610 $1,604 $39Ohio 2.8% 9 683 544 116 23 9.7 6,616 $414 $1,351 $33Virginia 2.7% 10 665 541 98 26 11.6 7,712 $721 $1,684 $41Colorado 2.6% 11 632 548 69 15 8.4 5,286 $415 $1,106 $27Washington DC 2.4% 12 577 430 115 32 12.3 7,095 $995 $1,520 $37North Carolina 2.4% 12 577 503 63 11 7.0 4,067 $308 $830 $20Massachusetts 2.2% 14 530 393 105 32 13.7 7,236 $671 $1,525 $37Minnesota 2.1% 15 526 409 90 27 14.0 7,382 $529 $1,570 $38

Top 15 US States Ranked by Number of Establishments

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Employees, Payrolls ($MM), Sales ($MM), CapEx ($MM)

25

% of Total Rank All Sizes Small: 1-9 Empls.

Medium: 10-49 Empls.

Large: >50+ Empls.

Employees/Estab. Employees Payrolls ($MM) Sales ($MM) CapEx ($MM)

US Total 100.0% - 24,474 19,607 3,784 1,083 11.8 289,309 $24,043 $61,268 $1,501New York-Newark-Jersey City 12.5% 1 3,050 2,311 503 236 19.7 60,127 $6,324 $13,274 $325Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim 7.6% 2 1,864 1,486 287 91 12.7 23,692 $2,019 $5,015 $123Washington-Arlington-Alexandria 4.6% 3 1,134 886 192 56 10.8 12,224 $1,366 $2,584 $63Chicago-Naperville-Elgin 4.5% 4 1,104 866 165 73 20.5 22,616 $2,058 $5,054 $124

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach 3.2% 5 786 663 105 18 6.6 5,215 $368 $1,057 $26

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward 2.7% 6 666 463 141 62 15.9 10,568 $1,205 $2,230 $55Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell 2.5% 7 601 490 88 23 8.6 5,193 $385 $1,064 $26Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington 2.3% 8 563 420 116 27 14.1 7,959 $647 $1,690 $41Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington 2.1% 9 512 398 87 27 10.5 5,392 $410 $1,106 $27Boston-Cambridge-Newton 1.9% 10 461 331 96 34 15.1 6,980 $656 $1,481 $36Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington 1.9% 11 454 352 76 26 14.6 6,631 $503 $1,404 $34Denver-Aurora-Lakewood 1.6% 12 390 326 54 10 8.9 3,470 $272 $730 $18Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue 1.5% 13 367 293 61 13 9.6 3,539 $318 $728 $18San Diego-Carlsbad 1.4% 14 350 289 53 8 7.3 2,567 $169 $520 $13Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale 1.4% 15 344 292 45 7 6.1 2,114 $117 $414 $10Austin-Round Rock 1.3% 16 325 277 34 14 11.2 3,627 $256 $773 $19Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land 1.1% 17 281 239 33 9 7.8 2,193 $136 $441 $11Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater 1.1% 18 268 211 47 10 9.6 2,573 $143 $522 $13Detroit-Warren-Dearborn 1.1% 19 267 201 41 25 23.0 6,133 $493 $1,335 $33Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade 1.1% 20 259 227 28 4 5.2 1,339 $114 $258 $6Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro 1.0% 21 252 195 48 9 11.8 2,985 $245 $627 $15St. Louis 0.9% 22 218 167 38 13 14.8 3,221 $239 $686 $17Kansas City 0.8% 23 205 154 38 13 15.9 3,255 $269 $695 $17Baltimore-Columbia-Towson 0.8% 24 192 148 38 6 9.2 1,766 $120 $353 $9Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise 0.8% 25 189 159 23 7 11.8 2,224 $133 $473 $12

Top 25 US MSAs Ranked by Number of Establishments

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Employees, Payrolls ($MM), Sales ($MM), CapEx ($MM)

A Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is a geographic entity defined by the Office of Management and Budget for use by federal statistical agencies. An MSA consists of the county or counties (or equivalent entities) that are associated with at least one urbanized area of at least 50,000 population, plus adjacent counties that have a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured through studies of worker and other commuting in the area.

26

% of Total Estabs Rank (Popn.) All Sizes Small: 1-9

Empls.Medium: 10-49

Empls.Large: >50+

Empls.Employees/

Estab. Employees Payrolls ($MM) Sales ($MM) CapEx ($MM)

US Total 100.0% - 24,474 19,607 3,784 1,083 11.8 289,309 $24,043 $61,268 $1,501New York 13.6% 1 3,338 2,540 546 252 19.0 63,597 $6,627 $13,998 $343Los Angeles 8.3% 2 2,030 1,628 309 93 12.1 24,538 $2,063 $5,178 $127Chicago 4.5% 3 1,112 872 167 73 20.3 22,690 $2,062 $5,068 $124Washington D.C. 5.5% 4 1,344 1,051 231 62 10.4 14,079 $1,492 $2,953 $72San Francisco 3.5% 5 863 623 174 66 13.6 11,839 $1,298 $2,477 $61

Chicago CSA includes: Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Ottawa-Peru, Kankakee, Michigan City-La PorteWashington D.C. CSA includes: Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV, Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Chambersburg-Waynesboro, Winchester, California-Lexington Park, Easton, CambridgeSan Francisco CSA includes: San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Stockton-Lodi, Santa Rosa, Vallejo-Fairfield, Santa Cruz-Watsonville, Napa

Top 5 Combined Statistical Areas (CSA) ranked by Population

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 2015Employees, Payrolls ($MM), Sales ($MM), CapEx ($MM)

New York CSA is the combination of these Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: New York-Newark-Jersey City, Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, New Haven-Milford, Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Trenton, Torrington, Kingston, East StroudsburgLos Angeles CSA includes: Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura

27

Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium LargeNew England 1,116 870 191 55 1,121 876 191 55 1,109 869 187 54 1,084 861 171 52Mid-Eastern 5,457 4,188 919 350 5,455 4,201 910 345 5,466 4,218 903 343 5,554 4,365 854 336South Eastern 4,792 4,007 643 142 4,898 4,101 653 143 4,999 4,194 659 146 5,385 4,571 659 154Great Lakes 3,600 2,828 598 174 3,580 2,817 592 171 3,594 2,836 587 170 3,637 2,921 554 162North Central 1,170 919 199 52 1,186 936 199 51 1,170 926 195 49 1,127 914 173 41South Central 2,064 1,692 299 73 2,039 1,673 293 72 2,066 1,700 294 72 2,128 1,777 277 74South Western 1,650 1,417 193 40 1,666 1,435 192 40 1,683 1,451 192 40 1,755 1,530 186 38Western 4,625 3,686 742 197 4,688 3,741 747 200 4,775 3,818 754 203 5,102 4,133 749 219

Total 24,474 19,607 3,784 1,083 24,633 19,778 3,778 1,077 24,862 20,011 3,772 1,078 25,772 21,072 3,623 1,075

Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium LargeNew England 12,886 2,202 4,041 6,643 13,105 2,264 4,152 6,688 13,196 2,312 4,215 6,669 13,260 2,488 4,347 6,425Mid-Eastern 86,544 10,896 18,919 56,729 88,787 11,440 19,747 57,600 91,053 11,996 20,576 58,482 100,189 14,972 24,619 60,597South Eastern 41,695 8,918 13,050 19,727 44,174 9,564 13,986 20,623 44,515 9,798 14,226 20,491 46,319 11,043 15,237 20,040Great Lakes 51,363 6,692 12,121 32,550 51,984 6,978 12,589 32,417 52,520 7,224 12,984 32,313 54,926 8,740 15,242 30,942North Central 13,931 2,285 3,998 7,648 14,021 2,394 4,081 7,547 13,960 2,440 4,140 7,380 14,268 2,927 4,506 6,837South Central 19,973 4,316 5,591 10,066 20,103 4,419 5,678 10,006 20,181 4,535 5,745 9,900 20,487 5,145 6,054 9,289South Western 13,523 3,187 3,828 6,508 13,732 3,347 3,961 6,424 14,258 3,579 4,179 6,498 16,168 4,679 5,201 6,287Western 49,403 8,995 15,256 25,152 51,201 9,348 15,916 25,936 52,290 9,668 16,333 26,290 56,526 11,060 17,830 27,636

Total 289,317 47,491 76,804 165,023 297,106 49,754 80,109 167,242 301,972 51,551 82,398 168,024 322,143 61,055 93,038 168,051

Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium LargeNew England 1,080 148 321 611 1,098 152 331 615 1,105 156 337 613 1,105 170 351 585Mid-Eastern 8,591 923 1,771 5,897 8,843 971 1,852 6,020 9,076 1,017 1,928 6,131 10,049 1,265 2,297 6,487South Eastern 2,859 528 850 1,481 3,035 567 912 1,557 3,066 583 928 1,556 3,231 665 994 1,572Great Lakes 3,981 424 851 2,706 4,025 444 888 2,693 4,049 460 918 2,671 4,133 558 1,080 2,496North Central 926 131 248 547 932 137 255 540 925 140 259 526 937 168 286 484South Central 1,410 265 371 774 1,424 272 379 774 1,432 280 385 767 1,462 320 411 731South Western 852 186 230 436 866 197 239 430 899 211 252 436 1,008 278 313 417Western 4,351 678 1,249 2,424 4,511 705 1,306 2,501 4,614 730 1,345 2,539 5,016 840 1,492 2,684

Total 24,051 3,282 5,892 14,876 24,735 3,444 6,160 15,131 25,167 3,576 6,351 15,240 26,942 4,261 7,225 15,456

Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium LargeNew England 2,683 380 823 1,480 2,659 381 825 1,453 2,597 376 812 1,408 2,376 368 764 1,244Mid-Eastern 18,710 1,876 3,855 12,980 18,100 1,876 3,824 12,401 17,644 1,879 3,805 11,960 15,409 1,925 3,690 9,794South Eastern 8,689 1,531 2,646 4,511 8,725 1,561 2,693 4,471 8,752 1,591 2,732 4,430 8,696 1,710 2,822 4,165Great Lakes 11,056 1,153 2,457 7,446 10,699 1,144 2,440 7,115 10,441 1,147 2,437 6,857 8,853 1,163 2,378 5,312North Central 2,929 394 810 1,725 2,859 398 816 1,646 2,727 392 802 1,534 2,215 380 738 1,098South Central 4,134 745 1,131 2,258 4,027 734 1,114 2,179 4,010 744 1,119 2,147 3,692 770 1,089 1,833South Western 2,798 548 775 1,475 2,732 551 774 1,407 2,697 556 780 1,361 2,382 577 773 1,032Western 10,275 1,547 3,103 5,624 10,274 1,566 3,137 5,572 10,317 1,594 3,175 5,548 10,360 1,707 3,263 5,390

Total 61,274 8,174 15,601 37,500 60,075 8,209 15,622 36,244 59,185 8,279 15,661 35,245 53,984 8,600 15,517 29,868

Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium LargeNew England 66 9 20 36 65 9 20 36 64 9 20 35 58 9 19 30Mid-Eastern 458 46 95 318 444 46 94 304 432 46 93 293 378 47 90 240South Eastern 213 38 65 111 214 38 66 110 214 39 67 109 213 42 69 102Great Lakes 271 28 60 182 262 28 60 174 256 28 60 168 217 28 58 130North Central 72 10 20 42 70 10 20 40 67 10 20 38 54 9 18 27South Central 101 18 28 55 99 18 27 54 98 18 27 53 91 19 27 45South Western 69 13 19 36 67 13 19 35 66 14 19 33 58 14 19 25Western 252 38 76 138 252 38 77 137 253 39 78 136 254 42 80 132

Total 1,501 200 382 919 1,472 201 383 888 1,450 203 384 864 1,323 211 380 732

Shipments 2015 $MM Estimate 2016 $MM Estimate 2017 $MM Estimate 2022 $MM Forecast

Capex 2015 $MM Estimate 2016 $MM Estimate 2017 $MM Estimate 2022 $MM Forecast

Employment 2015 Actual 2016 Estimate 2017 Estimate 2022 Forecast

Payrolls 2015 $MM Actual 2016 $MM Estimate 2017 $MM Estimate 2022 $MM Forecast

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186), 20152015 Summary Data, 2016 and 2017 Estimated Data, 2022 Statistical Trend Forecast

Establishments 2015 Actual 2016 Estimate 2017 Estimate 2022 Forecast

28

% of Total Region Rank and State Rank

Estimated number of business entities

Estimated Receipts

U.S. states + DC 100.0% - 94,106 5,521

New England 5.0% 7 4,725 307 Connecticut 1.4% 22 1,288 110 Maine 0.3% 40 309 18 Massachusetts 2.4% 12 2,260 120 New Hampshire 0.4% 37 356 29 Rhode Island 0.3% 39 316 19 Vermont 0.2% 45 196 12

Mid-Eastern 18.6% 3 17,502 1,104 Delaware 0.2% 44 216 19 Washington DC 0.5% 34 446 31 Maryland 1.5% 20 1,379 79 New Jersey 3.3% 6 3,124 229 New York 9.8% 2 9,215 558 Pennsylvania 3.2% 7 2,986 175 West Virginia 0.1% 47 136 12

South Eastern 19.7% 2 18,582 1,076 Alabama 0.9% 28 807 49 Florida 8.2% 3 7,752 462 Georgia 2.7% 10 2,558 136 Kentucky 0.8% 30 709 37 Mississippi 0.4% 38 330 18 North Carolina 2.4% 11 2,271 109 South Carolina 1.0% 27 930 55 Tennessee 1.5% 19 1,396 102 Virginia 1.9% 16 1,829 109

Great Lakes 13.2% 4 12,407 670 Illinois 4.0% 5 3,725 204 Indiana 1.2% 25 1,086 58 Michigan 2.3% 13 2,152 119 Minnesota 1.8% 17 1,650 91 Ohio 2.7% 9 2,577 138 Wisconsin 1.3% 23 1,217 59

North Central 3.9% 8 3,630 220 Idaho 0.5% 35 445 19 Iowa 0.5% 33 452 30 Kansas 0.6% 32 576 45 Missouri 1.4% 21 1,363 75 Montana 0.2% 46 196 10 Nebraska 0.3% 43 261 14 North Dakota 0.1% 50 70 4 South Dakota 0.2% 46 176 15 Wyoming 0.1% 49 91 7

South Central 9.3% 5 8,758 498 Arkansas 0.4% 36 377 22 Louisiana 0.8% 29 780 50 Oklahoma 0.6% 31 589 26 Texas 7.5% 4 7,012 400

South Western 7.7% 6 7,229 402 Arizona 2.3% 14 2,126 121 Colorado 2.8% 8 2,669 131 Nevada 1.3% 24 1,212 81 New Mexico 0.3% 41 286 15 Utah 1.0% 26 936 53

Western 22.6% 1 21,273 1,244 Alaska 0.1% 48 103 9 California 18.6% 1 17,473 1,035 Hawaii 0.3% 42 275 16 Oregon 1.6% 18 1,548 78 Washington 2.0% 15 1,874 106

US States + District of Columbia Ranked by Number of

Establishments

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186) sole practitioners,partnerships, and others without employees, 2015

29

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186)Establishments by State: All

30

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186)Establishments by MSA: All

31

Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186)Total Establishments by Region

32

19. Advertising Agencies (NAICS 54181 + 54182 +54186)

Available Reports

33

Available Reports (continued)

34