Advances in Atmospheric Remote Sensing with LidarProjections for Remote Wind Sensing N. P. Barnes,...
Transcript of Advances in Atmospheric Remote Sensing with LidarProjections for Remote Wind Sensing N. P. Barnes,...
A. Ansmann • R. NeuberP. Rairoux • U. Wandinger (Eds.)
Advancesin AtmosphericRemote Sensingwith LidarSelected Papersof the 18th International Laser Radar Conference(ILRC), Berlin, 22-26 July 1996
With 347 Figures and 44 Tables
Springer
Contents
Part I Tropospheric Aerosols and Clouds
Depolarization and Backscatter Lidarfor Unattended Operation
C. J. Grund, S. P. Sandberg 3
Micro Pulse Lidar for Aerosol and Cloud MeasurementH. S. Lee, I. H. Hwang, J. D. Spinhirne, V. S. Scott 7
A Compact, Eye-Safe Lidar Based on Optical ParametricOscillators for Remote Aerosol Sensing
T. Kobayashi, Y. Enomoto, D. Hua, C. Galvez, T. Taira 11
Study of the Boundary Layer Structure over the ParisAgglomeration as Observed During the ECLAP Experiment
L. Menut, C. Flamant, J. Pelon, R. Valentin, P. H. Flamant,E. Dupont, B. Carissimo 15
Aerosol Optical Properties in the Urban Mixing LayerStudied by Polarization Lidar with Meteorological Data
T. Murayama, M. Furushima, A. Oda, N. Iwasaka 19
Raman Lidar and Sun Photometer Measurementsof Aerosols and Water Vapor
R. A. Ferrare, S. H. Melfi, D. Whiteman, K. D. Evans,G. Schwemmer, Y. Kaufman, R. Ellingson 23
Raman Lidar and Doppler Sodar Observationsof the Nocturnal Urban Boundary Layer at Rome, Italy,During 1994 and 1995
S. Casadio, A. di Sarra, D. Fua, M. P. Rao, G. Fiocco 27
Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure over theMediterranean During a Tramontane Event:Evidence of Gravity Waves Influence
C. Flamant, J. Pelon 31
Ship-Board Lidar Sensing of the Mixed Layer over the SeaS. Yamagishi, H. Yamanouchi, M. Tsuchiya 35
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Inference of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Water Vaporand Temperature Profiles over the OceanUsing Airborne Lidar Data
S. P. Palm, D. Hagan, G. Schwemmer, S. H. Mem : 39
Specific Features of the Aerosol Fields Vertical StructureFormation as Observed over the City of Tomskin Summer 1995
Y. S. Balin, A. D. Ershov 43
Assessment of the Oceanic Surface Reflectanceby Airborne Lidar to Improve a Stable Inversion Technique
V. Trouillet, P. Chazette, J. Pelon, C. Flamant 47
Aerosol Extinction Measurements with Lidarat 10.6 and 1.5/^m
A. Hagard, R. Persson 51
Comparison of Aerosol Measurements by Lidarand In Situ Methods in the Pacific Basin Troposphere
J. Redemann, R. P. Turco, R. F. Pueschel, E. V. Browell, W. B. Grant .55
Imaginary Refractive Index of Aerosol Derived fromSimultaneous Measurements with Lidar and OPC
H. Hu, Z. Wang, J. Zhou 59
Multiple-Wavelength Aerosol LidarD. Miiller, D. Althausen, U. Wandinger, A. Ansmann 63
Mollifier Methods for Aerosol Size DistributionC. Bockmann, J. Niebsch 67
Construction of a Multi-wavelength Lidar Systemfor Satellite Data Atmospheric Correction
N. Takeuchi, H. Kuze, Y. Sakurada, T. Takamura, S. Murata,K. Abe, S. Moody 71
LOWTRAN7 Simulation of a Multi-wavelength LidarApplied to the Atmospheric Correction of Satellite Data
H. Kuze, Q. Min, Y. Sakurada, T. Takamura, N. Takeuchi 75
Three-Dimensional Images of Cirrus CloudsDerived from Volume Imaging Lidar Observations
A. K. Piironen, E. W. Eloranta 79
Measurements of Cirrus Cloud Optical Properties andParticle Size with the University of WisconsinHigh Spectral Resolution Lidar
E. W. Eloranta, P. Piironen 83
Radiative Impact of Cirrus at Meso-scale Using a 1-DRadiative Transfer Model and Ground-Based Lidar,Ground-Based Radiometers, and Satellite Data
S. Elouragini, J. Pelon, P. H. Flamant 87
Monitoring of Cirrus, Clouds and Planetary Boundary Layerin Southern Hemisphere at Buenos Aires (34.6 S, 58.5 W)for Climate Application
M. Lavorato, J. Fochesatto, E. Quel, P. H. Flamant, J. Pelon 91
Observation of Anomalous Raman ScatteringAssociated with Clouds
S. H. Melfi, J. Li, K. D. Evans, R. A. Ferrare, D. N. Whiteman,G. Schwemmer 95
Non-simultaneous Measurement of Multiple-Field-of-ViewLidar Returns in Clouds: Time Correlation Lengths
G. Roy, L. R. Bissonnette 99
An Imaging Lidar for Multiple Scattering MeasurementsG. Muscari, M. Cacciani, G. Giuliani, G. Fiocco 103
A Self-Directing Elastic Backscatter Lidar Systemfor Debris Cloud Tracking and Characterization
D. A. Clark, K. A. Dighe, T. W. Tunnell 107
NASA DC-8 Airborne Scanning Lidar SystemN. B. Nielsen, E. E. Uthe, R. D. Kaiser, M. A. Tucker, J. E. Baloun,J. G. Gorordo I l l
PRN-cw Backscatter Lidar Measurementswith a Powerful Narrowband Diode Laser
R. Matthey, V. Mitev, P. Weibel 115
Comparative Test of PRN-cw and /x-Joule-PulsedTotal Backscatter Lidars
V. Mitev, A. Bukharin, R. Matthey, S. M. Pershin,L. de Schoulepnikoff 119
Effect of Signal Dynamics: A Comparative StudyBetween PRN and Pulse Illuminated LIDAR Systems
Y. Emery, C. Flesia 123
Simulation of a Low Cost Correlation LIDARB. Bundschuh, D. Schneider, M. Grindel, E. Becker 127
Daytime Measurements of the Lower Atmospherewith a Bistatic Imaging Lidar
K. Meki, X. Li, F. Kobayashi, T. D. Kawahara, Y. Saito, A. Nomura . .131
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Lidar Profile Deconvolution Algorithmsfor Some Rectangular-Like Laser Pulse Shapes
T. N. Dreischuh, L. L. Gurdev, D. V. Stoyanov 135
Part II Lidar in Space
The Flight of the Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment(LITE)
M. P. McCormick 141
LITE Observations of Anthropogenically Produced AerosolsR. M. Hoff, K. B. Strawbridge 145
Observations of Saharan Dust by LITEK. A. Powell, C. R. Trepte, G. S. Kent 149
LITE Measurements of Biomass Burning Aerosols andComparisons with Correlative Airborne Lidar Measurementsof Multiple Scattering in the Planetary Boundary Layer
W. B. Grant, E. V. Browell, C. F. Butler, G. D. Nowicki 153
LITE Measurements of Aerosols in the Stratosphereand Upper Troposphere
G. S. Kent, M. T. Osborn, C. R. Trepte, K. M. Skeens 157
Retrieval of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Parametersfrom LITE and LASAL
G. Schwemmer, S. P. Palm, S. H. Mem, K. D. Evans 161
Correlative Measurements in Support of LITEUsing the Airborne Backscatter LIDAR ALEX
W: Renger, C. Kiemle, H.-G. Schreiber, M. Wirth, P. Moerl 165
ESA-LITE: IROE Contribution to Ground Based LIDAR andLITE Correlative Measurements
M. Morandi, L. Stefanutti, A. Matthews, B. Liley, S. Balestri,F. Castagnoli, M. Del Guasta, V. Santacesaria, J. P. Wolf 169
Southern Italy Correlative Lidar Measurements for LITEG. Pappalardo, V. Cuomo, N. Spinelli, P. Di Girolamo, V. Berardi,R. Bruzzese 173
LITE Surface Returns: Assessment and ApplicationsJ. A. Reagan, H. Liu, T. W. Cooley 177
Calibration Methods for a Space Borne Backscatter LidarG. J. Kunz 181
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Simulation and Modelling of Multiple Scattering EffectsObserved in LITE Data
D. M. Winker 185
Cirrus Measurements from a Spaceborne Lidar:Influence of Multiple Scattering
M. Wiegner, U. Oppel, H. Krasting, W. Renger, C. Kiemle, M. Wirth .189
Retrieval of Physical and Optical Cloud Thicknessesfrom Space Borne and Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar
A. Davis, D. Winker, A. Marshak, R. Cahalan, J. Spinhirne, S. Love,H. Mem, W. Wiscombe 193
Relation of Power and Depolarization of Cloud Lidar ReturnUnder Multiple Scattering to Cloud Microstructureand Stratification
E. P. Zege, I. N. Polonsky, I. L. Katsev 197
The Emissivity of Cirrus Clouds Derived from LITEand Meteosat Measurements
A. van Lammeren, A. Feijt 201
Expected Cirrus Cloud Climatology ImprovementUsing a Spaceborne Backscatter Lidar
J. Pelon, M. Doutriaux, V. Trouillet, P. H. Flamant, H. Letreut,G. Seze 205
Spaceborne Lidar Activities at the European Space AgencyA. Marini, E. Armandillo, A. Culoma, C. Norrie 209
Space Based Atmospheric Measurements by GLASJ. D. Spinhirne, S. P. Palm 213
Implications of New Alexandrite Ring Laser Technologyfor Spaceborne Lidar (Aerosol Backscatter, Water Vapor,Doppler Winds)
T. D. Wilkerson, J. A. McKay 217
Part III Wind
Remote Sensing of Wind and Aerosols with AirborneScanning Coherent CO2 Doppler Laser Radar, MACAWS
J. Rothermel, R. M. Hardesty, R. T. Menzies 223
SNR-Loss Budget of the Airborne Doppler Lidar WINDD. Bruneau, C. Loth, M. Meissonnier, A. Dabas, J. Perin,P. Drobinski, J. Pelon, P. Flamant 227
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A Compact, High Pulse Rate CO2 Doppler Lidarfor Cloud, Species, and Turbulence Research
R. M. Hardesty, W. A. Brewer, L. D. Olivier, W. L. Eberhard 231
High Resolution Doppler Lidar Measurementsof Wind and Turbulence
C. J. Grund 235
Spatial Monitoring of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Windsby Doppler Lidar
J. Roths, V. Klein, B. Hilber, R. Heilmann 239
Modeling and Performance of 2.0 /xm LasersProjections for Remote Wind Sensing
N. P. Barnes, W. J. Rodriguez, B. M. Walsh 243
Demonstration of an Adaptive, Coherent-Combining LaserRadar Receiver
C. M. Stickley, R. Phillips, A. Weeks, P. Gatt 247
Measurement of the Refractive Index Structure Parameter C^in the Planetary Boundary Layer Using a Pulsed Coherent10 fim Lidar in Direct Detection
P. Drobinski, A. Dabas, P. Delville, X. Favreau, P. H. Flamant 251
Turbulent Energy Dissipation Rate MeasurementUsing Doppler Lidar
V. Banakh, I. Smalikho, F. Kopp, C. Werner 255
High Accuracy Atmospheric Wind Field Measurementswith an Edge Technique Lidar
C. L. Korb, B. M. Gentry, S. X. Li 259
Incoherent Doppler Lidar System Using DifferentialDiscrimination Technique for Tropospheric WindMeasurement
Z. Liu, T. Kobayashi 263
Doppler Wind Lidar in the Stratosphere:Sensitivity to High Mie Scattering and Self-Correction
C. Souprayen, A. Gamier, A. Hertzog, A. Hauchecorne, S. Godin,J. Porteneuve 267
Three-Dimensional Elastic Lidar WindsW. T. Buttler 271
Range Resolved, 3-D Optical Remote Sensingof Atmospheric Winds Using a CW Lidar
J. F. Holmes, B. J. Rask 275
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Part IV Water Vapor
Development of the Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment(LASE) - An Advanced Airborne DIAL Instrument
A. S. Moore, Jr., K. E. Brown, W. M. Hall, J. C. Barnes,W. C. Edwards, L. B. Petway, A. D. Little, W. S. Luck, Jr.,I. W. Jones, C. W. Antill, Jr., E. V. Browell, S. Ismail 281
LASE Validation ExperimentE. V. Browell, S. Ismail, W. M. Hall, A. S. Moore, Jr.,S. A. Kooi, V. G. Brackett, M. B. Clayton, J. D. W. Barrick,F. J. Schmidlin, N. S. Higdon, S. H. Mem, D. N. Whiteman 289
The Airborne Water-Vapor Lidar LEANDRE II:Design, Realization, Tests and First Validations
P. Quaglia, D. Bruneau, A. Abchiche, M. Lopez, F. Fassina,J. P. Marcovici, P. Genau, T. Danguy, B. Brient, B. Romand,C. Loth, M. Meissonnier, P. Flamant, J. Pelon 297
Advanced Airborne Water Vapor DIAL Developmentand Measurements
T. H. Chyba, P. Ponsardin, N. S. Higdon, R. J. DeYoung, C. F. Butler,E. V. Browell 301
Single-Mode AU-Solid-State Water-Vaporand Temperature DIAL System
V. Wulfmeyer, J. Bosenberg 305
A Water Vapor DIAL SystemUsing Diode Pumped NdrYAG Lasers
S. Lehmann, J. Bosenberg 309
Injection Seeded Optical Parametric Oscillator Systemfor Water Vapor DIAL Measurements
A. Fix, G. Ehret 313
Water Vapour DIAL System Utilisedfor Radar Propagation Forecasting
A. J. Henderson, S. X. Li, G. Zhang, S. Mathur, C. R. Prasad,H. S. Lee 317
Proposed Compact, Eye-Safe Lidarfor Measuring Atmospheric Water Vapor
J. L. Machol, R. M. Hardesty, B. J. Rye, C. J. Grund 321
First Results of the BELINDA ApproachF. A. Theopold, A. Behrendt, H. Flint, C. Weitkamp 325
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Measurement of the Vertical Water Vapor Flux in theConvective Boundary Layer Using a DIALand a Coherent Wind Lidar
A. Giez, G. Ehret, R. L. Schwiesow 329
Airborne Water Vapor DIAL Estimation of Humidity Fluxesand Atmospheric Boundary Layer Parameters
C. Kiemle, G. Ehret, A. Giez 333
Implementation of a Turn-Key Raman Lidar for ProfilingAtmospheric Water Vapor and Aerosolsat the US Southern Great Plains Climate Study Site
J. E. M. Goldsmith, F. H. Blair, S. E. Bisson 337
Comparison of Lidar-Derived Water Vapor with OtherMoisture Measurements During the CAMEX-2, LASEand WMO Field Campaigns
K. D. Evans, S. H. Mem, R. A. Ferrare, D. N. Whiteman,G. Schwemmer, E. V. Browell, F. J. Schmidlin, R. Harris,F. Balsiger, C. R. Philbrick, W. Feltz, W. L. Smith 341
Rotational Raman Lidar for Remote Daytime Measurementsof Tropospheric Temperature Profiles
W. Lahmann, J. Zeyn, C. Weitkamp 345
Part V Tropospheric Trace Gases and Plumes
UV-DIAL Ozone MeasurementsDuring the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study
R. J. Alvarez II, S. D. Mayor, C. Senff, R. M. Hardesty,C. L. Frush, R. M. Banta, W. L. Eberhard 351
Airborne Lidar Measurements of Ozone and AerosolsDuring PEM-West A and PEM-West B
M. A. Fenn, E. V. Browell, C. F. Butler 355
Ozone Measurements in the Presence of Cirrus CloudsJ. Reichardt, M. Serwazi, C. Weitkamp, W. Michaelis, A. Ansmann . . . 359
Ozone Flux Profiles in the Boundary Layer Observedwith an Ozone DIAL/Doppler Lidar Combination
C. Senff, R. J. Alvarez II, S. D. Mayor, Y. Zhao 363
Ozone Flux Measurements in the Troposphere with a Shotper Shot DIAL Instrument Operated in the UV SpectralRegion During the MEDCAPHOT Campaign
L. Fiorani, B. Calpini, A. Clappier, L. Jaquet, F. Miiller,H. Van den Bergh, E. Durieux 367
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Ozone Pollution Lidar and SF6 Tracer DispersionMeasurements in a Field Experiment
P. Bisling, J. Glauer, S. Kohler, T. Bell, C. Weitkamp, A. Knaps,M. Mollmann-Coers 371
RIVM Tropospheric Ozone LIDAR Routine Measurements,Validation and Analyses
A. Apituley, E. P. Visser, J. B. Bergwerff, J. M. de Winter,H. de Backer, M. A. F. Allaart 375
Second Generationof the IFU Stationary Tropospheric Ozone Lidar
H. Eisele, T. Trickl 379
A Novel Mobile Vertical-Sounding System for Ozone Studiesin the Lower Troposphere
P. Brenner, 0. Reitebuch, K. Schafer, T. Trickl, A. Stichternath 383
Characterization of Raman Cell-Based Transmittersfor UV DIAL Applications
L. Schoulepnikoff, V. Simeonov, H. van den Bergh, B. Calpini,D. Jeker, V. Mitev 387
A Solid State Tunable Ozone LidarB. Stein, F. Immler, B. Mielke, P. Rairoux, C. Wedekind, H. Wille,L. Woste 391
Advanced Airborne UV DIAL System for Stratosphericand Tropospheric Ozone and Aerosol Measurements
D. A. Richter, E. V. Browell, C. F. Butler, N. S. Higdon 395
The Airborne Lidar for Tropospheric Ozone (ALTO)G. Ancellet, F. Ravetta 399
Comparison of Retrieval Methods in Tropospheric OzoneDIAL: The Impact of Raman Measurements
V. Matthias, V. Wulfmeyer, J. Bosenberg 403
Comparisons of Three-Wavelength Dual-DIALwith Aerosol Correction Method for DIAL
Z. Wang, H. Hu, J. Zhou, Z. Gong 407
Laser Remote Sensing of Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide,Toluene, Ozone, and Dust in the Industrial Area of Cubatao(Brazil)
C. Weitkamp, U.-B. Goers, J. Glauer, S. Kohler, P. Rairoux,F. Immler, L. Woste, M. Ulbricht, D. Weidauer 411
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Atmospheric Mercury Emissionsfrom the Almaden Cinnabar Mining Area
M. Andersson, H. Edner, R. Ferrara, A. Hernandez, B. E. Maserti,P. Ragnarson, S. Svanberg 415
NO Monitoring by a Tunable Solid-State UV DIALR. Toriumi, H. Tai, H. Kuze, N. Takeuchi 419
Ozone, VOC, NO2, and Aerosol Monitoring in Urbanand Industrial Areas Using a Mobile DIAL System
D. Weidauer, P. Rairoux, M. Ulbricht, J. P. Wolf, L. W6ste 423
Calibration of a Raman-Lidar Gas Analyzer of AtmosphericEmissions from Plant Stacks Using a Remote Gas Chamber .
Y. F. Arshinov, S. M. Bobrovnikov, I. B. Serikov, D. I. Shelefontyuk,V. K. Shumskii, P. V. Bazylev, V. A. Lugovoi, N. N. Stolyarov 427
Large-Scale European Network of Laser Remote SensingFacilities for Environmental and Industrial Monitoringof Toxic and Global Change Related Trace Gases(HCM Lidar Network)
A. Papayannis, G. Ancellet, R. Barbini, J. Boesenberg, B. Calpini,W. Diehl, M. Del Guasta, M. Milton, T. Trickl 431
New UV-Tunable Solid State Lasers for Lidar ApplicationsP. Rambaldi, M. Douard, M. Ulbricht, J.-P. Wolf 435
Injection Seeding of a Flashlamp-Pumped Ti:Sapphire Laserfor Lidar Applications
J. Yu, M. Douard, P. Rambaldi, B. Vezin, J. P. Wolf 439
Tunable Single-Mode Solid-State Laserswith a New Cavity Configuration
M. Maeda, N. J. Vasa, T. Okada, M. Uchiumi, 0 . Uchino 443
A Compact, Robust, Instantaneously Tunable HarmonicGenerator for Lidar Applications
R. Trebino, B. Richman, S. E. Bisson, M. Mitchell, K. W. Delong,E. Sidick, A. Jacobson 447
Infrared DIAL Measurements with an Injection-Seeded OPOT. D. Gardiner, M. J. T. Milton, F. Molero, P. T. Woods 451
Development of Infrared Lidar SystemsBased on "Tracking-Free" Optical Parametric Oscillators
B. Vezin, M. Douard, P. Rambaldi, J.-P. Wolf 455
Wide Bandwidth DIAL System - Analysisand Sensitivity Studies
S. Fastig, I. Paiss, M. Kleinman 459
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A Fourier Transform LidarM. Douard, P. Rambaldi, J.-P. Wolf 463
Simultaneous Range Resolved Measurements of AtmosphericConstituentsand Wind Velocity by CO2 Coherent Lidar
X. Favreau, A. Dabas, P. Delville, P. Salamitou, J. Pelon,P. H. Flamant 467
CO2 Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) Researchat the Air Force Phillips Laboratory
M. J. Fox, N. S. Higdon, D. R. Dean, C. M. Hamilton, D. C. Senft,J. A. Dowling, D. F. Pierrottet, S. Ghoshroy, S. B. Alejandro 471
Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Imaging Lidarwith Range Resolution for Vegetation Monitoring
Y. Saito, K. Hatake, E. Nomura, T. D. Kawahara, A. Nomura,N. Sugimoto, T. Itabe 475
Part VI Stratospheric and Mesospheric Profiling
A History of Aerosol Measurements at Sao Jose dos Campos,Brazil (23 S, 46 W) from 1972 to 1995
D. M. Simonich, B. R. Clemesha 481
Five Years of Lidar Observationsof the Pinatubo Eruption Cloud
H. Jager, T. Deshler, F. Homburg, V. Freudenthaler 485
Comparative Study of Stratospheric Aerosols and Ozoneat Mid and High LatitudesDuring the Pinatubo Episode, 1991-1994
G. Beyerle, I. S. McDermid, R. Neuber, P. von der Gathen 489
Retrieval of Stratospheric Aerosol Physical PropertiesUsing Multiwavelength Lidar Backscatterand Extinction Measurements
D. P. Donovan, A. I. Carswell 493
A New Modular and Mobile Lidar System Designfor Raman Lidar Application Based on a 10-Channel FilterPolychromator
J. Schafer, F. A. Theopold, R. Baumgart, I. Beninga, G. Beyerle,B. Hofer, W. Lahmann, W. Mildner, 0 . Schrems, C. Weitkamp 497
NDSC Inter comparisonof Stratospheric Aerosol Processing Algorithms
W. Steinbrecht, H. Jager, A. Adriani, G. di Donfrancesco, J. Barnes,
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G. Beyerle, R. Neuber, C. David, S. Godin, D. Donovan, A. I. Carswell,M. Gross, T. McGee, F. Masci, A. D'Altorio, V. Rizi, G. Visconti,I. S. McDermid, G. Megie, B. Mielke, B. Stein, C. Wedekind, T. Nagai,0. Uchino, H. Nakane, M. Osborn, D. Winker 501
Lidar Observations of the PSCs and Stratospheric Aerosolsover Eureka in Canadian Arctic
T. Nagai, O. Uchino, T. Itabe, T. Shibata, K. Mizutani,T. Fujimoto, M. Hirota 505
Lidar Observations of Polar Stratospheric CloudsAbove Spitsbergen
K. Stebel, R. Neuber, G. Beyerle, J. Biele, P. Scheuch, H. Schutt,P. von der Gathen, O. Schrems 509
Polar Stratospheric Cloud Measurementsby Multispectral Lidar at Sodankyla in Winter 1994/95
C. Wedekind, F. Immler, B. Mielke, P. Rairoux, B. Stein, L. Woste,M. Del Guasta, M. Morandi, L. Stefanutti, F. Masci, V. Rizi,R. Matthey, V. Mitev, M. Douard, J. P. Wolf, E. Kyr6 513
Airborne Lidar Observations of Ozonein the Arctic Winter 1994/95
• M. Wirth, W. Renger 517
Measurements at the Eureka Arctic NDSC Stationwith a Raman DIAL System
A. I. Carswell, D. P. Donovan, J. C. Bird, T. J. Duck, S. R. Pal,J. A. Whiteway 521
NDSC Lidar Intercomparisons and Validation:OPAL and MLO3 Campaigns in 1995
1. S. McDermid, T. J. McGee, D. P. J. Swart 525
RIVM Stratospheric Ozone Lidar at NDSC Station Lauder:Routine Measurements and ValidationDuring the OPAL Campaign
E. J. Brinksma, D. P. J. Swart, J. B. Bergwerff, Y. J. Meijer,F. T. Ormel 529
UARS Ozone and Temperature Validation by GSFC LidarDuring UARS Correlative Measurement Campaigns(1992-1995)
U. N. Singh, T. J. McGee, M. R. Gross 533
Long Term Ozone DIAL Measurements at Hohenpeifienberg:Intercomparisons with Brewer/Mast Ozone Sondes, HALOE,SBUV and SAGE II
H. Claude, W. Steinbrecht 537
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Ozone Measurements at Geesthacht (53.4° N, 10.4° E)with an Advanced Raman Lidar
M. Serwazi, J. Reichardt, R. Baumgart, C. Weitkamp 541
Lidar Observation of Ozone and Aerosol in the Stratosphereand Troposphere over Suwon, Korea
C. B. Park, K.-H. Park, C. H. Lee 545
Lidar and Spectrophotometric Measurements of VerticalDistributions of Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Temperaturein the Stratosphere over Tomsk (Western Siberia)
V. N. Marichev, V. V. Zuev, M. V. Grishaev, S. V. Smirnov 549
Lidar Developments and Observationsover Reunion Island (20.8° S, 55.5° E)
H. Bencherif, J. Leveau, J. Porteneuve, P. Keckhut, A. Hauchecorne,G. Megie, M. Bessafi 553
Climatology of Mesospheric Temperature Profiles Observedwith the Consortium Rayleigh-Scatter Lidar at Logan, Utah
V. B. Wickwar, K. C. Beissner, T. D. Wilkerson, S. C. Collins,J. M. Maloney, J. W. Meriwether, Jr., X. Gao 557
Multi-dimensional Power Spectral Analysis of Structurein the Stratosphere and Mesosphere Observedby Rayleigh Scatter Lidar
R. D. Sears, T. D. Wilkerson, V. B. Wickwar, J. M. Maloney,S. C. Collins 561
The Vertical Propagation of Gravity Wavesto Lower Mesospheric Heights
L. Thomas, A. J. McDonald 565
Recent Upgrades of the Colorado State Na Lidarfor Wind/Temperature and Daytime Measurements
C. Y. She, H. Chen, M. A. White, D. Golias, D. A. Krueger 569
A Novel Acousto-optic Modulation Techniquefor Na Wind/Temperature Lidars
J. Yu, W. Yang, C. S. Gardner 573
The Alexandrite Ring Laser:A Spectrally Narrow Lidar Light Sourcefor Atmospheric Fluorescence and Absorption Observations
S. C. Collins, T. D. Wilkerson, V. B. Wickwar, D. Rees, J. C. Walling,D. F. Heller 577
Laser-Wavelength and Laser-Beam-Direction Stabilizationof the ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/Raman Lidar
J. Fiedler, G. von Cossart 581
Index of Contributors 585
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