Advances and Strategies for Advances and Strategies for Agriculture Research in ChinaAgriculture Research in China

Dr. Gong XifengDr. Gong Xifeng Deputy Director GeneralDeputy Director General

Department of International CoperationDepartment of International CoperationChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

CONTENT

• Status of Agriculture in China Status of Agriculture in China

• Research AchievementsResearch Achievements

• ChallengesChallenges

• Strategy Strategy

• Priority For Future ResearchPriority For Future Research

STATUS

Since the reform and opening-up policy almost 30 years ago, China has achieved favorable balance for supply and demand of agricultural products;

During this process, agricultural science and technology has played a leading role and contributed substantially to rural economic development.

STATUS

304. 8

320. 6

379. 1

446. 2435. 3

442. 7

456. 5445. 1

466. 6

504. 5494. 2

512. 3508. 4

462. 2452. 6457. 1

430. 7

469. 5

484

497. 5

300

350

400

450

500

550

1978 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Grain (Million tons)

STATUS

Grain (ton/ha)

3.84.1

5.2

5.9 5.86.0

6.2 6.16.4

6.76.6

6.8 6.86.4 6.4

6.6 6.5

6.9 7.0 7.1

3. 03. 54. 04. 55. 05. 56. 06. 57. 07. 58. 0

STATUS

8. 5612. 05

19. 26

28. 5631. 44

34. 338. 41

44. 99

52. 6

45. 84

52. 68

57. 2358. 261. 25

63. 3365. 86

69. 3272. 44

76. 580. 52

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1978 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Meat (Million tons)

STATUS

2. 566

5. 347

7. 9469. 22

10. 199

11. 798

14. 79

16. 767

19. 65218. 971

20. 21321. 347

22. 43323. 367

24. 62726. 067

27. 23728. 6

29. 456

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Egg (Million tons)

STATUS

0. 97 1. 3672. 894

4. 7515. 2435. 639 5. 6376. 089

6. 728 7. 3586. 811 7. 4548. 069

9. 19

11. 2

14

18. 48

23. 68

28. 45

31. 93

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1978 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Milk (Million tons)

STATUS

133. 6191398

686 709 784922

1221

1578

19262090 2162 2210 2253

23662476

2622

2936

3255

3587

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1978 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Farm Income (RMB)

ACHIEVEMENTS

1. Collection and conservation of germplasm resources

Near400,000 accessions of crop germplasms are collected and conserved in the national Genebank

ACHIEVEMENTS

2 National long-term Genebanks 10 mid-term gene banks 32 repositories for perennial plants over 100 conservation sites for wild plants, 31 sites for original aquatic organisms 2 gene-banks for domestic animals 50 genetic resource preservation farms 7 national collection centers

1. Collection and conservation of germplasm resources

2. Establish Integrated breeding system for 2. Establish Integrated breeding system for

new varietiesnew varieties

ACHIEVEMENTS

Hybrid Rice and Super rice

Transgenic Bt Cotton

High-yield and quality Canola

Dwarf-male-sterile Wheat

Vegetables

Chinese Cabbage

ACHIEVEMENTS

Hybrid Rice and Super rice

China has organized scientists nation-wide

to create hybrid rice in 1970’s and Super

rice in 1990’s.

ACHIEVEMENTS

Hybrid Rice

ACHIEVEMENTS

Super rice

ACHIEVEMENTS

Transgenic Bt Cotton

After Monsanto, CAAS has acquired our won IPR for Bt Cotton;

CAAS first developed combination of transgenic cotton with Bt and CpTI genes;

CAAS first developed three line hybrid cotton.

Transgenic Cotton

 

TransgenicCK

Three-line Transgenic Cotton

ACHIEVEMENTS

High-yield and quality Canola

ACHIEVEMENTS

Dwarf-male-sterile Wheat and its Recurrent Selection System

ACHIEVEMENTS

VegetablesVegetables

New way of breeding: space mutation breeding technology

ACHIEVEMENTS

Chinese CabbageChinese Cabbage

The 1st applicable dominant male sterile line in

cabbage in the world

ACHIEVEMENTS

3. Establishment of technical system for major 3. Establishment of technical system for major animal disease control and preventionanimal disease control and prevention

avian influenza vaccine foot and mouth disease vaccine etc.

ACHIEVEMENTS

4. Establishment of Quality Standard System and Quality Control system

280 national and 1780 local quality control and testing centers established;

More than 2500 national standards established;

Near 10000 local standards developed.

ACHIEVEMENTS

5. E5. Efficient utilization of agricultural resources, fficient utilization of agricultural resources, environment control and ecological restorationenvironment control and ecological restoration

ACHIEVEMENTS

6. Digital agriculture and agricultural information 6. Digital agriculture and agricultural information technologytechnology

Establish information collection system for live-stock and poultry quality tracing and crop disease and pest monitoring;

Research and development databases

Precision fertilizer application model based on soil nutrient.

CHALLENGES

Population increasing and arable land Population increasing and arable land

decreasing, plus living standards decreasing, plus living standards

raising bring an ever-growing raising bring an ever-growing

pressure on grain supply. pressure on grain supply.

CHALLENGES

Resources Limitation:Resources Limitation: Per capita arable farmland: 40% of Per capita arable farmland: 40% of

world average;world average;

Per capita water endowment: 25% of Per capita water endowment: 25% of world average;world average;

CHALLENGES

1.1. Resources and environmentResources and environment 40% of farmland degradation; 4 million hectares of farmland and 5.9 millio

n hectares of grassland are under desertification risk；

1.4 million hectares of grassland are degraded annually.

CHALLENGES

2.2. PollutionPollution

Crop pesticides, heavy metal and fertilizer pollution problem;

Animal antibiotics and hormones residues problems;

CHALLENGES

3.3. Invasive species and natural disasterInvasive species and natural disaster

more than 380 alien plants, 40 animals and 23 microorganism Invasive spices into China recently；

15%-20% of plant species are under risk of losses that threaten our biological basis;

Flood, drought, climate and pest and disease disaster occurs frequently which make lost of agricultural production 6-8%.

CHALLENGES

4.4. Farmer livelihoodFarmer livelihood

Farmers’ income increased Farmers’ income increased growth rate with slighgrowth rate with slight percentaget percentage in the last few years ifin the last few years if compared compared with that of urban residents.with that of urban residents.

Most of income are from non-agricultural Most of income are from non-agricultural activitiesactivities..

..

CHALLENGES

5.5. International competitionInternational competition

Most land-intensive products do not have comparative advantages in the international markets;

Some labor–intensive products have advantages but the quality needed to meet the standards of trade partner countries.

STRATEGIES

1. Demanding:

By 2030, Chinese population will reach 1.6 billion with food grain demands of 640 million tons ；

Assume 95% self reliance, 100 million tons food grains need to be increased to meet the demands;

STRATEGIES

2. National Agricultural Development Objectives are to realize “3S” Strategy for agricultural development:

Security

Safety

Sustainability

STRATEGIES

Developing national and regional agricultural innovation systems;

Improve mechanism and enhance institutional innovation;

New platform development and capacity building;

Accelerating transfer of scientific achievements;

Consolidating internal and international cooperation.

3. Supporting Policy and Initiatives:3. Supporting Policy and Initiatives:

Research Priorities (Security)Research Priorities (Security)

1)1) Germplasm resources gene discovery Germplasm resources gene discovery and developing of new animal and planand developing of new animal and plant cultivarst cultivars

discover functional genesdiscover functional genes　　　　　　　　　　develop newdevelop new breeding platform breeding platform improve plantimprove plant and animal varieties and animal varieties

PRIORITY

Research Priorities (Security)Research Priorities (Security)

1)1) Prevention and control of serious diseaPrevention and control of serious diseases and pests ses and pests

Reducing lost of agricultural Reducing lost of agricultural productionproduction 　 　 　　　　 　 　　　

Controlling invasive speciesControlling invasive species

PRIORITY

Research Priorities (Safety) Research Priorities (Safety)

Highly efficient production and food safetyHighly efficient production and food safety

animal and crop production with high-yield, animal and crop production with high-yield, high quality, high efficiencyhigh quality, high efficiency

whole-process quality controlwhole-process quality control

tracing and safety testing technology tracing and safety testing technology

GMO safety control GMO safety control

PRIORITY

Research Priorities( Sustainability)Research Priorities( Sustainability)

The control and rehabilitation of agro- The control and rehabilitation of agro- environmental pollutionenvironmental pollution 　 　 　 　 　　 　 　 　 　

Warning and control of non-biological Warning and control of non-biological agricultural disasters, agricultural disasters,

Agro-biodiversity conservationAgro-biodiversity conservation 　　

Agricultural resources utilization Agricultural resources utilization

PRIORITY

Thank you!Thank you!