Advanced Topics in Human-Computer Interaction

Giulio JacucciCSM13403, Seminar, 5 cr, 30.10.2018 - 11.12.2018

Learning Objectives

• Become familiar information seeking in scientific literature

• Refine your skills at critically evaluating scientific papers in a context

• Develop scientific writing skills

• Gain expertise in an area of HCI and active ageing

Core Content of the Seminar

• Information Seeking in Scientific Literature� Tools� Approaches� Techniques

• Topics in Human-Computer Interaction

Lookup-based IR model (based on Bates, 1989 ).

Exploratory Search

Exploratory search

Exploratory search

Berrypicking

Information foraging

Information foraging is a theory based on the assumption that, when searching for information, humans use "built-in" foraging mechanisms that evolved to help our animal ancestors find food.

"Informavores" constantly make decisions on what kind of information to look for

Information scent, Human users estimate how much useful information they are likely to get on a given path through information scent

Information Search Process

Conceptual Frameworks in Information Seeking - Exploratory Search

• Information Foraging • Berrypicking• Sense-Making • Information-Seeking

Processes

Reference

• White, R. W., & Roth, R. A. (2009). Exploratory search: Beyond the query-response paradigm. Synthesis lectures on information concepts, retrieval, and services, 1(1), 1-98.Chicago• http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~nie/IFT6255/Books/ExploratorySearch

.pdf

Tools

• Scholar Google• ACM • Semantic Scholar• Just google• …

How to do it?

• Identify your research question • Define search protocol (keywords, portals, procedures )• Define inclusion and exclusion criteria of studies• Search for studies• Select studies for inclusion based on pre-defined criteria• Extract data from included studies• Combine the data (Synthesis and meta analysis)

Example output

• Pal, D., Triyason, T., & Funikul, S. (2017, December). Smart Homes and

Quality of Life for the Elderly: A Systematic Review. In Multimedia(ISM), 2017 IEEE International Symposium on (pp. 413-419). IEEE.

Smart Homes and Quality of Life for the Elderly: A Systematic Review

Debajyoti Pal1 and Tuul Triyason2 IP Communications Laboratory

School of Information Technology, KMUTT Bangkok, Thailand

e-mail: debajyoti.pal@mail.kmutt.ac.th1, tuul.tri@sit.kmutt.ac.th2

Suree Funilkul Requirements Engineering Laboratory

School of Information Technology, KMUTT Bangkok, Thailand

e-mail: suree@sit.kmutt.ac.th

Abstract—Across the globe, the increasing percentage of elderly people is a reason of growing concern among the research fraternity. A lot of research is currently going on in providing these elderly people with a smart environment or smart home that can promote their independence, overall sense of well-being and enable them to lead a better quality of life. The primary objective of this research paper is to provide with a concise systematic review that explores the influence these smart-homes can have on the living quality among the elderly. We identified a total of 4,512 initial publications related to smart-homes for the elderly across a variety of valid scientific databases. Out of these, 31 met our inclusion criterion to be included for the final review stage by 2 independent researchers. Depending upon the functionality we classify the smart-homes into 5 broad application areas that can serve the elderly. Our findings show that overall these elderly people have a positive attitude towards a smart-home, especially for the purpose of health-monitoring and independent assisted living. However, they also have serious concerns regarding their privacy and the security provided by such smart systems along with the fear of social-isolation that might happen due to an increased dependence on technology.

Keywords- elderly; smart-home; quality of life; care

I. INTRODUCTION An increase in the aging population is a serious problem

being faced by many countries of the world [1]. According to a report published by the United Nations, the ratio of people aged 60 or above is going to double by 2050 when compared to the total world population [2]. Thus, recently a lot of focus is being given to research dedicated towards the well-being of the elderly population. Use of various information and communication technologies (ICT) including smart-homes can arguably provide the aged people with better health-care and social support services [3]. All these smart-solutions have the same common objective of improving the quality of life (QoL) of the user. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), QoL is defined as an “individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns” [4]. Considering the health status and other various vulnerability issues which the elderly people have to

face, investigating into their QoL is an area of prime concern. With this objective in mind, the main aim of this paper is to provide a concise systematic review to identify the influence of smart-homes and the various ICT technologies being used here on the elderly QoL. The specific research questions that we try to answer through this review are:

R1: Do smart-homes really have an influence (positive/negative) on the elderly QoL?

R2: What are the challenges being faced and modifications that need to be done to existing smart-home solutions targeted to this specific use-case?

The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section II presents the research methodology. Answers to the research questions raised are provided in Section III. Section IV identifies the main research gaps and provides the direction of future research. Finally, we conclude in Section V.

II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Database Selection and Search Strategy We conducted an extensive search on relevant databases

during July-August 2017. Since the research question that we try to answer spans across the computer science and engineering domain to a social-science cum health segment, we searched across the following databases: Scopus, IEEE Explore, ACM Digital Library, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science as they cover a wide range. Combination of logical operators “AND” and “OR” are used in the search combined with the keywords like “elderly”, “smart homes”, etc. along with possible synonyms in order to arrive at the initial search results. The search terms used has been presented in TABLE I.

B. Data Filtering (Inclusion/Exclusion Criterion) 2 independent researchers have been assigned with the job

of database search and subsequent removal of duplicate entries in the first stage. After reading each of the literature titles and abstracts an inclusion/exclusion criterion is used either to

National Research Council of Thailand

2017 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia

978-1-5386-2937-6/17 $31.00 © 2017 IEEEDOI 10.1109/ISM.2017.83

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TABLE I SEARCH STRATEGY FOR THE LITERATURE REVIEW

Keyword Synonyms

Elderly “aged” or “old people” or “aging population” or “senior” or “60 and over age” or “older adult” or “gerontechnology”

Smart-home “ICT” or “information and communication technology” or “ubiquitous home” or “ubiquitous technology” or “ambient assisted living” or “AAL” or “ehealth” or “robots” or “robotics” or “automated home” or “automated home environment”

Quality of life “quality of life” or “happy” or “happiness” or “wellness” or “wellbeing” or “life satisfaction”

N.B: All the synonyms across three keywords are combined with Boolean operators

TABLE II INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERION

Inclusion Criterion Exclusion Criterion Assessment of a smart-home or smart-home technologies or ICT use in home Studies published in books, conferences, PhD or Master’s thesis

Include old participants having age � 60 Research conducted in hospitals, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers and likewise

The place of experiment or setup should be in a home Research published before 2006 Only studies published in English and in peer-reviewed journals Narrative reviews, theoretical papers and other systematic reviews

Asses the effectiveness and perception of the old people towards a smart-home Research focusing on effects of tele-health or tele-medicine on elderly- Research on the use of specific type of assistive devices like walkers,

wheelchairs, etc. - Use of smart-homes by any people other than the elderly population

abstracts an inclusion/exclusion criterion is used either to eliminate or include them for further study in the second stage. Both the researchers should agree wholly with regards to the include/exclude decision. We try to sort out any differences of opinion by mutual discussions. Still, if opinions vary, in that case the abstract is included. In the third stage both the researchers go through the entire text presented in the selected papers. The paper is included for final analysis only if both of them agree that the inclusion criterion is met; else the paper is assessed by a third researcher to decide about its suitability. The entire process flow for the literature review has been shown in Fig. 1. The inclusion/exclusion criterion has been given in TABLE II.

Start

Abstract Reading

Is includion criteria met?(Both researchers)

Stage 1Elimination

Full paper review(Both researchers)

Is includion criteria not met?(Both researchers)

Stage 2Elimination

Full paper review(3rd researcher)

Is includion criteria met?(3rd researcher)

Paper entered in the final analysis stage

Stage 3Elimination

Is includion criteria met?(Both researchers)

END

NoYes

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

Paper entered in the final analysis stage

Figure 1. Process flow for literature review

Cohen’s kappa statistics has been calculated in order to test for the inter-researcher reliability. For the second phase i.e. abstract matching condition we obtain a kappa (ț) score of 0.734, while for the third full paper reading phase the ț value is 0.686 (both conditions being significant with p < 0.001). Next, we look into the results obtained.

III. RESULT ANALYSIS

A. Overall Result Analysis During the initial search phase we obtained a total of 4,512

papers. Duplicate removals reduced the number of papers to 3,008. Further filtering using the inclusion/exclusion criterion brought the final search results down to 31 (that are included in this research). Fig. 2 shows the detailed breakup of the literature selection process at each stage. Fig. 3 shows the distribution of the finally selected studies with respect to their year of publication. Depending upon the intended/actual usage scenario we have tried classifying the existing smart-home systems and ICT technologies that are meant to improve the overall QoL of the elderly into different dimensions and shown in Fig. 4. Next, we provide a very brief description about the categories/dimensions identified.

B. Smart-homes for Health Monitoring (HM) A lot of work has been done to monitor the health of the

elderly who are suffering from some type of disease; especially chronic ones like dementia. Smart-homes have been often used to reduce the feelings of loneliness, boredom and social isolation among the elderly [5]. In fact use of these smart technologies has resulted in an enhanced feeling of safety, less fear and anxiety. Home automation also enables these elderly people to remember their daily tasks (which often they tend to forget) like taking medicine, drinking water, brushing teeth, etc. and enables them to act more independently, which

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ScheduleTue 6.11.2018 10:15 - 12:00 TOPIC CHOICE AND SEARCH PORTALS Lecture: Introduction , Seminar Overview. Assignment for next week: Write 400-500 words abstract of topic (problem area, motivation, research questions)Tue 13.11.2018 10:15 - 12:00 PROCEDURE&SEARCH Lecture: Process and Step in information seeking for a review Assignment for next week: Create Queries Tue 20.11.2018 10:15 - 12:00 SEARCH&SELECTION Lecture: Document filtering and info extraction. Assignment for next week: Inclusion and exclusion criteriaTue 27.11.2018 10:15 - 12:00 DATA EXTRACTION Lecture: Structure of the Review Paper. Assignment for next week: Extract and AnalyzeTue 4.12.201810:15 - 12:00 FeedbackTue 11.12.201810:15 - 12:00 FeedbackSUBMISSION DEADLINE 18th of December 2018