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Advanced Small Modular
Reactor R&D Program:
Instrumentation, Controls,
and Human-Machine
Interface (ICHMI) Pathway
David Holcomb Oak Ridge National Laboratory
presented at
IAEA Technical Meeting on I&C for SMRs Vienna, Austria
May 22-24, 2013
2 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
A New Paradigm is Required to Offset
Reduced Economy-of-Scale Savings
• Plant design and management
– Multiple units per site
– Multiple product streams
– More effective, efficient operation and maintenance
• Reduce capital costs
– Extensive use of digital technologies
– Optimized I&C
– Reduce cable installation costs
• Reduce plant operations and maintenance costs
– Plant availability
– Efficiency of power conversion
– Staffing requirements
• Factory production cost benefits
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Advanced SMR Instrumentation, Controls,
and Human-Machine Interface (ICHMI)
Research Pathway
• Unique Operational and Process Characteristics
– Unconventional dynamic behavior and distinctive architectures
– Extended operation and longer fuel cycles
– Different coolants and more extreme environments
• Assured Affordability
– Lower capital costs
– Reduced plant operations and
maintenance costs
• Enhanced Functionality
– Multi-unit plant management
– Multiple product streams
– Flexible operability
ICHMI research is needed to meet unique challenges and
opportunities of advanced SMRs
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ICHMI Pathway Focus is on Achieving
Goals and Resolving Challenges for
Advanced SMRs
• Research priorities
– Resolve technology gaps (e.g., sensors)
– Address critical technical and licensing issues
• Operational staffing requirements
• Internal, inaccessible component integrity monitoring
• Multi-module control
• Initial research targets
– Environment, architecture, and dependability for critical measurements and in-vessel monitoring
– Flexible, robust automation for off-normal conditions and multi-unit operation
– High-fidelity condition determination and incipient failure detection to support extended operation
– Reduced human resource demands for operations and maintenance
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SMR ICHMI Research Projects –
Sensors and Measurement Systems
Johnson Noise Thermometry Develop and demonstrate a drift free Johnson noise-
based thermometer suitable for deployment near core in
advanced SMR plants
Project activities will demonstrate:
• Auto-calibrating temperature measurement capability
• Implementation of dual-mode resistance and Johnson
noise thermometer in a rugged, integrated prototype
form
In-Vessel Optical Measurements Develop engineering concepts and innovative
technology for optical sensing to resolve significant
technical challenges related to in-vessel measurement
Project activities will focus on:
• Evaluation of current technology readiness and
determination of gaps
• Development of engineering concepts (e.g., optical
vessel viewports) for standoff measurements
• Investigation of innovative methods and materials for
transformative sensing capabilities
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SMR ICHMI Research Projects –
Monitoring and Prognostics
Prognostics for SMR Passive Components Develop and demonstrate a prototypic prognostic health
management system for generally inaccessible aSMR
passive components
Project activities will involve:
• Multi-physics investigations of correlations between
degradation modes, associated harsh-environment
stressors, and nondestructive measurements
• Integration of prognostic techniques into a prototypic
framework and evaluation using a representative lab-
scale aSMR testbed
Enhanced Risk Monitors with Integrated ECA Develop framework for integrating equipment condition
assessment into event probability estimation for
predictive risk monitoring
Project activities will address:
• Health monitoring of key active components with
reduced accessibility
•Methods to integrate physics-based indicators of
degradation and incipient failure into dynamic
probabilistic risk assessment of operational conditions
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SMR ICHMI Research Projects –
Plant Control and Operations
Concepts of Operation for Multi-Modular SMRs Develop alternate concepts of operation for
representative multi-unit SMR plant designs
Project activities will focus on:
• Definition of operational scenarios for various plant
configurations
• Functional analysis of operational tasks
• Evaluation of function allocation options
• Demonstration of staffing approaches through
simulation testing
• Assessment of human performance impact
Human-Automation Collaboration Framework Establish a framework for Human-Automation
Collaboration to optimize aSMR operation by integrating
personnel and automation
Project activities will provide:
• Definition and testing of a model for human-automation
collaboration that identifies key characteristics of
automaton and their impact on human performance
Monitoringand Detection
SituationAssessment
ResponsePlanning
ResponseImplementation
Generic Primary Tasks
Interface Management Tasks
Agent 4
Agent 1
Agent 3
Agent 2
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SMR ICHMI Research Projects –
Plant Control and Operations
Supervisory Control for Multi-Modular SMRs Develop and demonstrate functional architectures to
enable integration of control, diagnostics, and decision
for highly automated multi-unit plant operation
Project activities will provide:
• Definition of supervisory control requirements
• Establishment of a functional architecture
• Generation of baseline supervisory control functional
elements
• Demonstration of supervisory control capabilities for a
simulated representative multi-unit SMR plant
Impact of Active Control on Passive Safety Devise strategies that emphasize inherent self-regulation
to reduce the potential for active controls to compromise
passive safety characteristics
Project activities will address:
• Identification and assessment of issues arising from
the interaction of active controls and passive safety
• Development of inherent control strategies to minimize
the need for active control and protection systems
9 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
SMR ICHMI Research Projects –
Infrastructure
Modeling Tools for aSMR Simulation Develop modeling tools and common resources to enable aSMR simulations in support of
performance and dynamic behavior investigations across the program
Project activities will provide:
• Common dynamic simulation environment for aSMR plant models
• Easily re-configurable plant component simulation modules
• Flexible, user-friendly model configuration interface
•Generation of representative aSMR plant simulations to demonstrate the integrated modeling
package
REACTOR CORE
AND
PRIMARYHEAT
TRANSPORTSYSTEM
SECONDARYHEAT
TRANSPORTSYSTEM
POWERCONVERSION
SYSTEM
KF-ZrF4 LiF-BeF2
SupercriticalWater
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Summary
• ICHMI Research Pathway initial projects were selected based on prior investigations of key issues and needs for SMRs
• Research portfolio involves 5 national laboratories in the conduct of 9 technical research projects
• Each laboratory is also contributing to the further assessment and refinement of aSMR ICHMI needs
• ICHMI Research Pathway engaged with DOE-NE Nuclear Energy Enabling Technologies Program Advanced Sensors and Instrumentation Research Pathway to ensure coordination of research activities