Advanced PM Emission Characterization from Coal Combustion

Challenges, Solutions and New Findings

Ville NiemeläDirector, R&D, Dekati Ltd. MMEA Final Seminar 26.11.2015

Dekati Ltd.

• A private Finnish company specialized in high-end aerosol measurement instrumentation

• One of the top companies in the world in particle measurements• Located in Tampere / Kangasala, spin-off from TUT in 1995• Exports ~95% of the production• Cleantech, environment, exports, success, innovation…

Background

• ELPI+ instrument development 2008 – 2010• Dekati Ltd. main focus in MMEA program is in WP4,

Particles and Emissions: – WP 4.5.1: Instrument development– WP 4.5.2: Advanced methods to study fine particle chemistry in

combustion processes• One of our targets was to evaluate ELPI+ possibilities in

power plant (coal combustion) application• Co-operation and main partners HELEN, TUT, FMI and

VTT

© Dekati Ltd.

ELPI+ The big story begins:

ELPI+ tests at Power plants

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

First measurements: HELEN Hanasaari and Salmisaari 2011

• Oil powered Hanasaari plant: need for more accurate calibration• Coal-combustion at Salmisaari: concentration too low due to dilution

© Dekati Ltd.

F A I L

Corrective actions

• New calibrations for the ELPI+ – TUT Calibrations– TUT Publication

• New requirements for the measurement– New technologies for sampling– New approaches for the measurement

© Dekati Ltd.

ELPI+ The big story continues:

ELPI+ tests at Power plants

Results:

TUT Calibrations:

Search for solutions, research and innovations

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

New approach: High temperature detector,non-dilution measurement

ELPI+: • Measures room temperature sample• Temperature decrease requires

dilution min. 1:20

© Dekati Ltd.

High Temperature ELPI+: • Measures stack temperature sample• No need for temperature decrease,

no need for dilution

New calibrations: Effect of temperature to ELPI+ calibration

• Impactor cutpoint calculation is based on pressure measurement and known (calibrated) Stokes numbers:

• Temperature changes gas flow rate, jet velocity in the impactor nozzles, gas viscosity and mean free path

• Charger efficiency assumed to remain constant

© Dekati Ltd.

21C 100C 180Flow [lpm] 9.92 11.17 12.31

Stage 1 0.0171 0.0129 0.0107

Stage 2 0.0276 0.0244 0.0223

Stage 3 0.0563 0.0440 0.0367

Stage 4 0.0941 0.0800 0.0683

Stage 5 0.155 0.138 0.123

Stage 6 0.262 0.242 0.224

Stage 7 0.382 0.371 0.355

Stage 8 0.613 0.599 0.587

Stage 9 0.948 0.955 0.950

Stage 10 1.60 1.66 1.67

Stage 11 2.39 2.53 2.55

Stage 12 3.99 3.75 3.80

Stage 13 6.68 5.52 5.60

Stage 14 9.91 10.18 10.37

Effect of temperature to impactor flow and cutpoints

Hillamo, R. E., & Kauppinen, E. I. (1991). On the performance of the Berner low pressure impactor. Aerosol Science and Technology, 14(1), 33-47.

Results Hanasaari 03-2014:High Temperature ELPI+

© Dekati Ltd.

NEW: HT-ELPI+ ResultsIn-stack / In-situ electrical charge

measurements

© Dekati Ltd.

30 000#/cm3 0.0078 mg/m3

3093 rpm, 33 Nm, 11 kW, Ethene + Propane injection

ELPI+ The big story is complete:

ELPI+ tests at Power plants

Results:

Calibrations:

Search for solutions, research and innovations

High Temperature ELPI+

Good data, problem solved

Business

New findings and research opportunities

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Conclusions and Experiences

• In MMEA we gained know-how, we studied and developed new technologies, created new research possibilities and business

• In MMEA the work was done truly together with various partners: – TUT (calibrations, measurements, publications)– HELEN (Power plant)– FMI, VTT (Joint measurements)

© Dekati Ltd.

Acknowledgements

• CLEEN MMEA Programme• TEKES

• All research partners

© Dekati Ltd.