Advanced Multi-Engine Formation VT-35 · 2020-05-14 · Boom Limits Demo Right Limit demo The...
Transcript of Advanced Multi-Engine Formation VT-35 · 2020-05-14 · Boom Limits Demo Right Limit demo The...
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Advanced Multi-Engine Formation
VT-35
UPDATED MARCH 2020
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Formation FTI Procedures
• Ground Ops
• Running Rendezvous
• Parade Sequence
• Breakup and Rendezvous
• Free Cruise
• Overhead Recovery
• Formation Emergency Procedures
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Ground Ops
• Formation/AR Brief
• Radio Calls• Lead calls ‘Out of the chocks’
• Wing calls ‘Out of the chocks’ when ready to taxi
• Meet on Form primary frequency• 140.52 primary, 140.95 secondary, ______
tertiary
• Formation Taxi
• Position for Takeoff
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RUNNING RENDEZVOUS
RIDE THE 45 DEGREE
BEARING IN
ABEAM:
3-5 plane widths
CLOSURE:
30kts MAX
Initially After Takeoff:
Lead: 140 KIAS
Wing: 170 KIAS
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HORIZONTAL STAB ON
UHF ANTENNA
STARBOARD PARADE
VERTICAL STAB
THROUGH THE STAR
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SPACE HORIZONTALLY BETWEEN
HORIZONTAL STAB & UHF ANTENNA
STARBOARD PARADE
ACUTE
VERTICAL STAB OUTSIDE STAR
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HORIZONTAL STAB AHEAD OF
AND COVERING UHF ANTENNA
STARBOARD PARADE
SUCKED
VERTICAL STAB INSIDE STAR
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HORIZONTAL STAB
BELOW UHF ANTENNA
STARBOARD PARADE
HIGH
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SPACE VERTICALLY BETWEEN
HORIZONTAL STAB & UHF ANTENNA
STARBOARD PARADE
LOW
STAR NO LONGER VISIBLE
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STARBOARD TURNS AWAY
INBOARD EXHAUST STACK ON
OUTBOARD ENGINE VISIBLE
UHF ANTENNA IN-LINE WITH FWD EDGE OF HORIZONTAL STAB
FUSELAGE ON HORIZON
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STARBOARD TURNS INTO
SAME CHECK POINTS AS
STARBOARD PARADE
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DOUBLE STEP DOWN POSITION
CROSSUNDER
DOUBLE STEPDOWN CHECKPOINTS
CROSSUNDER
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TOO LOW – EXCESSIVE GAP
BETWEEN STACK AND FUSELAGE
CROSSUNDER
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3-5 DEGREE HEADING CHANGE
LEAD
WING
CROSSUNDER
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CONTINUE OUT UNTIL THE OPPOSITE
INBOARD EXHAUST STACK IS BEHIND
THE ROTATING BEACON
RELATIVE MOTION OF LEAD
CROSSUNDER
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PORT DOUBLE STEP DOWN
CROSSUNDER
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HORIZONTAL STAB
ON UHF ANTENNA
VERTICAL STAB IN LINE
WITH MIDPOINT OF
OUTBOARD WING
PORT PARADE
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PORT TURNS AWAY
FUSELAGE ON HORIZON
INBOARD EXHAUST STACK ON
OUTBOARD ENGINE VISIBLEUHF ANTENNA IN-LINE WITH FWD EDGE OF HORIZONTAL STAB
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PORT TURNS INTO
SAME CHECK POINTS AS PORT PARADE
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LEAD: 150 KIAS, 45° AOB & 180° HDG REVERSAL
WING: With LEAD at 10 O’CLOCK, 150 KIAS
45° AOB, 200’ stepdown & 180° HDG REVERSAL
LEAD:
WING:
BREAKUP & RENDEZVOUS
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WING: REPORT “COLUMN”
LEAD: WING FLASH 45° THEN ESTABLISH 20° AOB
BREAKUP & RENDEZVOUS
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BREAKUP & RENDEZVOUS
USE 20-30 AOB AT 150 KIAS TO ESTABLISH 60 BEARING
LINE INDICATED BY OPPOSITE WING TIP ALINGED WITH
TRAILING EDGE OF VERICAL STAB.
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AS YOU LOSE SIGHT OF THE OUTER WINGTIP TRANSITION TO THE HORIZONTAL STABILIZER ABOVE THE STAR.
BREAKUP & RENDEZVOUS
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PORT TURNS INTO (DOUBLE STEPDOWN)
HORIZ STAB, ANTENNA IN LINE
INBOARD STACK OUTBOARD ENGINE VISIBLE
TRANSITION TO STARBOARD SIDE:
WING DIP
POWER ADVANCE
CROSS UNDER AND UP INTO STARBOARD TURNS AWAY
BREAKUP & RENDEZVOUS
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CONTINUE OUT 2-3 PLANE WIDTHS.
LEAD CHANGE
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CLIMB TO PUT WING TIP
ON ORANGE STRIPE
LEAD CHANGE
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ADD POWER AND DRIVE FORWARD
DO NOT REPORT ESTABLISHED UNTIL YOU ARE AT
9-10 O’CLOCK POSITION ON OTHER AIRCRAFT
WING IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SEPARATION AT ALL TIMES
LEAD CHANGE
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THIS IS WHAT LEAD WILL SEE AS WING TAKES THE LEAD.
WING AIRCRAFT SHOULD BE SLIGHTLY STEPPED UP.
LEAD CHANGE
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FREE CRUISE
CORRECT DISTANCE
500 – 1000 FEET
LEAD LIMITS:
Power: 900 ft-lbs
Pitch: ±20°
AOB: ±45°
A/S: 120/200 KIAS
WING LIMITS:
Power: 900 ft-lbs
Pitch: ±45°
AOB: ±60°
A/S: NATOPS Limits
LEAD LIMITS:
Power:
Pitch:
AOB:
A/S:
WING LIMITS:
Power:
Pitch:
AOB:
A/S:
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LEAD: 60° AOB, POWER ON THROUGH 90°OF TURN THEN CONFIGURE ON SPEED.
WING: POWER IDLE, CONFIGURE ON SPEED,
BOTH AIRCRAFT LAND ON CENTERLINE.
OVERHEAD RECOVERY
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FLAPS AND GEAR CONFIGURED ON COMMAND
3710 MINS: CIRCLING MINS
OR IF NOT PUBLISHED 1000-3
SECTION APPROACH
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Underrun
• If Wing fails to recognize or control a rapid closure rate
Increase step-down
Keep Lead in sight
Level the wings
Reduce power to idle to avoid passing lead
Transmit ‘Underrunning’
When relative motion is under control, rejoin
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Emergency Procedures
• Aborted Takeoff
• Engine Failure
• Midair Collision
• Lost Comms
• Lost Sight
• IMC Breakup
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QUESTIONS?
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Air Refueling Procedures Brief
UPDATED
MARCH 2020
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FTI Procedures
• Filing
• AP1B
• GP
• Rendezvous Types and Procedures
• RV Alpha (Anchor)
• RV Delta (Point Parallel)
• RV Golf (En Route)
• Checklist Management
• Communications Plan
• Air refueling area
• RVIP/RVCP (ARIP/CP/CT)
• Offset
• Air refueling altitude, track, speeds
• Overrun and Under-run
Procedures
• Closure
• Closure from ½ mile to
Contact Positions
• Boom Limits Demo
• Breakaway Procedures
• Role Reversal Procedures
• Recovery
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Filing
• AP1 B Chapter 4• AR example
• GP Chapter 4• Flight plan example
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AP1 B
COMMUNICATION/RENDEZVOUS PLAN
a. Primary UHF
b. Backup UHF
c. APN 69/134/135 Settings (Beacon)
d. APX 78/Encode/Decode
(Transponder)
e. TACAN Channels Receiver/Tanker
1. Track Name/Direction
2. Navigation
3. Comm/RV plan
4. AR Altitudes (Block)
5. Scheduling unit (preflight planning)
6. ARTCC (SODAR)
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AP1 B
COMMUNICATION/RENDEZVOUS PLAN
a. Primary UHF
b. Backup UHF
c. APN 69/134/135 Settings (Beacon)
d. APX 78/Encode/Decode
(Transponder)
e. TACAN Channels Receiver/Tanker
1. Track Name/Direction
2. Navigation
3. Comm/RV plan
4. AR Altitudes (Block)
5. Scheduling unit (preflight planning)
6. ARTCC (SODAR)
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DD175
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Rendezvous RV Delta (Point Parallel)
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Rendezvous: RV Golf (Enroute)
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Communications Plan
• Primary -140.525
• Secondary -140.95
• A/A TACAN- 29Y receiver / 92Y tanker
• Ensure TACAN is set To AA.
• If required, coordinate secondary TACAN, ensure 63 channels apart
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Simulated Air Refueling Overview
• Typically after formation sequence
• Enroute or Point Parallel Rendezvous
• Precontact to Contact
• Boom Limits Demo
• Practice Emergency Separation
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Receiver Closure Airspeed/
Altitude Schedule
3 NM 180 KIAS 1000’ below tanker
2 NM 180 KIAS 1000’ below tanker
1 NM 180 KIAS 1000’ below tanker
½ NM 170 KIAS 500’ below tanker
.3 NM 160 KIAS 300’ below tanker
Pre-contact 150 KIAS 35’ below tanker
500’ below .5 DME behind
1000’ below 1 DME behind
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Overrun/ Under-run Procedures
• OVERRUN• Tanker airspeed – 180 KIAS
• Receiver airspeed – 150 KIAS• Receiver will then call “terminate overrun procedures”
when within 1 NM and 1000’ below the tanker
• UNDER-RUN• Tanker airspeed – 140 KIAS
• Receiver airspeed – Maximum Power• Receiver will then call “terminate under-run procedures”
at 1 NM and 1000’ below the tanker
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.3 DME /300 FT below
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Precontact Position
T-44C Operations
Receiver will stabilize 35’ behind on 10º bearing line
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Closure 3 Precontact
Precontact
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KC-135
Fleet standard 50’ behind on 10° bearing line
Precontact Position
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Closure 4Contact
Contact
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Contact Position
CONTACT
KC-135
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Boom Limits
KC-135Up/Down 30º ± 10
Left/Right ±10º
Fore/Aft 6.1 – 18.3 ft
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Boom Limits DemoRight Limit demo
The visual
indications of the
right position
include lining up
directly behind
the tanker right
engine inboard
exhaust stack,
and the tanker
tail fixed on the
top edge of the
receiver
windscreen.
The tanker vortices tend to push the receiver aircraft to the center. Inexperienced pilots will over correct when trying to return to centerline behind the tanker. Opposite aileron to the direction of drift back to center may be necessary to slow down the rate of return and avoid an overshooting oscillation. A technique for moving from center to the left or right is to ratchet the aircraft slowly to the outer limit then stabilize.
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Boom Limits DemoLeft Limit demo
The visual
indications of the
left position
include lining up
directly behind
the tanker’s left
engine inboard
exhaust stack, and
the tanker tail
fixed on the top
edge of the
receiver
windscreen.
The tanker vortices tend to push the receiver aircraft to the center. Inexperienced pilots will over correct when trying to return to centerline behind the tanker. Opposite aileron to the direction of drift back to center may be necessary to slow down the rate of return and avoid an overshooting oscillation. A technique for moving from center to the left or right is to ratchet the aircraft slowly to the outer limit then stabilize.
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Breakaway Procedures
• “BREAKAWAY, BREAKAWAY, BREAKAWAY”
• Either aircraft in the formation can call a Breakaway.
• TANKER PROCEDURES
• Increase power
• Start a climb but do NOT decrease airspeed to lower than 150KTS
• If in a turn, maintain established bank angle
• Turn on Rotating Beacons
• RECEIVER PROCEDURES
• Receiver Pilot
• Actuate autopilot/boom disconnect
• Power to Idle
• Start rate of descent away from Tanker
• Transition to instruments
• Props full forward if necessary to assure safe separation
• RECEIVER CO-PILOT
• Actuate autopilot/boom disconnect switch
• Turn on TAS
• Turn on Rotating Beacons
• Keep Visual of Tanker confirming aircrafts are well clear
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QUESTIONS?