Advanced Microcontrollers Grzegorz Budzyń Lecture 4: 16 ...
Transcript of Advanced Microcontrollers Grzegorz Budzyń Lecture 4: 16 ...
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AdvancedAdvanced MicrocontrollersMicrocontrollers
Grzegorz BudzyGrzegorz Budzyńń
LLectureecture 4:4:1616--bit bit microcontrollersmicrocontrollers
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Plan
• MSP430 family
• PIC24 family
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Introduction – MSP430
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TI microcontrollers portfolio
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TI microcontrollers portfolio
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Introduction
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Introduction• MSP430 Microcontrollers (MCUs) from Texas
Instruments (TI) are:
– 16-bit RISC-based MCUs
– mixed-signal processors designed specifically for
ultra-low-power (ULP).
– MSP430 MCUs have a mix of intelligent
peripherals
– Low cost
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Introduction – block diagram
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Introduction - Architecture
• Main features:
– 8-MHz to 25-MHz CPU Speed
– 0.5KB to 256KB Flash
– 128B to 16KB RAM
– 14 to 113 pins;
– 22 packages
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MSP430X – block
diagram
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MSP430X Core• Main features:
– RISC architecture
– Orthogonal architecture
– Full register access including program counter (PC), status register (SR), and stack pointer (SP)
– Single-cycle register operations
– Large register file reduces fetches to memory.
– 20-bit address bus allows direct access and branching throughout the entire memory range without paging.
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MSP430X Core• Main features:
– 16-bit data bus allows direct manipulation of
word-wide arguments.
– Constant generator provides the six most often
used immediate values and reduces code size.
– Direct memory-to-memory transfers without
intermediate register holding
– Byte, word, and 20-bit address-word addressing
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MSP430X Core - Status Register
• V – overflow, N – negative, Z-Zero, C-Carry
• SCG1, SCG0 – switching on/off system clock
generators
• OSC OFF – switching osciallator off
• CPU OFF – switching CPU off
• GIE – interrupt enable
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MSP430X Core - Registers
• Registers R4-R15 are 20-bit wide
• Registers can be used for 8-, 16- or 20-bit data
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MSP430X Core - Addressing modes
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Register addressing mode
• Register mode operations work directly on the
processor registers, R4 through R15, or on
special function registers, such as the program
counter or status register
• They are very efficient in terms of both
instruction speed and code space
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Register addressing mode
• Example:
– Before operation: R4=A002h R5=F50Ah PC = PCpos
– Operation: MOV R4, R5
– After operation: R4=A002h R5=A002h PC = PCpos + 2
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Indexed addressing mode
• The Indexed mode commands are formatted
as X(Rn), where X is a constant and Rn is one
of the CPU registers
• The absolute memory location X+Rn is
addressed
• Indexed mode addressing is useful for
applications such as lookup tables
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Indexed addressing mode
• Example:
– Before operation: R4=A002h R5=050Ah
Loc:0xF50A=0123h
– Operation: MOV F000h(R5), R4
– After operation: R4=0123h R5=050Ah
Loc:0xF50A=0123h
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Symbolic addressing mode
• Symbolic mode allows the assignment of
labels to fixed memory locations, so that
those locations can be addressed
• Symbolic mode allows the assignment of
labels to fixed memory locations, so that
those locations can be addressed
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Symbolic addressing mode
• Example:
– Before operation: XPT=A002h Location
YPT=050Ah
– Operation: MOV XPT, YPT
– After operation: XPT= A002h Location YPT=A002h
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Absolute addressing mode
• Similar to Symbolic mode, with the difference
that the label is preceded by “&”
• Example:
– Before operation: Location XPT=A002h Location
YPT=050Ah
– Operation: MOV &XPT, &YPT
– After operation: Location XPT= A002h Location
YPT=A002h
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Indirect register addressing mode
• The data word addressed is located in the
memory location pointed to by Rn
• Indirect mode is not valid for destination
operands, but can be emulated with the
indexed mode format 0(Rn)
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Indirect register addressing mode
• Example:
– Before operation: R4=A002h R5=050Ah
Loc:0xA002=0123h
– Operation: MOV @(R4), R5
– After operation: R4= A002h R5=0123h
Loc:0xA002=0123h
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Indirect auto increment mode
• Similar to indirect register mode, but with
indirect auto increment mode
• The operand is incremented as part of the
instruction
• The format for operands is @Rn+
• This is useful for working on blocks of data
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Indirect auto increment mode
• Example:
– Before operation: R4=A002h R5=050Ah
Loc:0xA002=0123h
– Operation: MOV @R4+, R5
– After operation: R4= A004h R5=0123h
Loc:0xA002=0123h
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Immediate addressing mode
• Immediate mode is used to assign constant
values to registers or memory locations
• Example:
– Before operation: R4=A002h R5=050Ah
– Operation: MOV #E2h, R5
– After operation: R4= A002h R5=00E2h
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MSP430 Core - Instructions formats
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MSP430 Core - Instructions formats
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MSP430X Core - Instructions formats
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Introduction – Ultra Low Power
• The MSP430 MCU is designed specifically for
ultra-low-power applications.
• It has:
– flexible clocking system
– multiple low-power modes
– instant wakeup
– intelligent autonomous peripherals
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Flexible Clocking System
• The MSP430 MCU clock system has the ability
to enable and disable various clocks and
oscillators
• This allows the device to enter various low-
power modes (LPMs)
• The flexible clocking system optimizes overall
current consumption by only enabling the
required clocks when appropriate
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Flexible Clocking System
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Low Power Modes
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Instant Wakeup• The MSP430 MCU can wake-up instantly from
LPMs.
• This ultra-fast wake-up is enabled by the
MSP430 MCU’s internal digitally controlled
oscillator (DCO)
• DCO can source up to 25 MHz and be active
and stable in 1μs.
• Instant wake-up functionality is very
important in ultra-low power applications
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Intelligent Peripherals
• The MSP430 MCU’s peripherals have been
designed to assure maximum functionality
and provide system-level interrupts, resets
and bus arbitration at the lowest power
• Many peripherals may function autonomously
thereby minimizing CPU time spent in active
mode.
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Peripherals – types 1/3
• ADC 10b, ADC 12b
• Analog Comparator
• DAC 12b
• DMA
• Hardware Multiplier
• Operation Amplifiers!
• Timers
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Peripherals – types 2/3• WDT
• Basic Timers
• RTC
• PMM (Power Management Module)
• BOR (Brown-out Reset)
• SVS (Supply Voltage Supervisor)
• EDI (Enhanced Data Integrity)
• RF Front End
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Peripherals – types 3/3• AES
• USB
• SPI
• I2C
• LIN/IrDA
• SCAN_IF
• SD16 (up to seven 16-bit sigma-delta ADC)
• LCD
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MSP430 – families
• Main pins:
– RST – active high
– EA – External Access – logic „0” means execution
of program from internal ROM
– PSEN - Program Store Enable – OE for external
memory
– ALE - Address Latch Enable – signal used for
demultiplexing of data and address
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MSP430 – families
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MSP430 – Power consumption
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MSP430 – Power consumption
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MSP430 – Power consumption vs PIC16
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MSP430 – MPY32
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MSP430 – MPY32
• Main features:
– Hardware multiplier 16x16
– Signed and unsigned MAC operations
– Integer and fractional operations
– 64-bit results
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MSP430 – MPY32
• Result availability:
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MSP430 – USB
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MSP430 – USB
• Main features:
– Compatible with USB2.0 Full Speed (12 Mb/s)
– Up to 8 end points
– Internal USB clock – 48MHz (PLL)
– Independent from the rest of the controller
– 1904B of buffer RAM (usable in main program)
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MSP430 – OpAmpThe OA op amps support front-end analog signal
conditioning prior to analog-to-digital conversion.
Features of the OA include:
• Single supply, low-current operation
• Rail-to-rail output
• Software selectable rail-to-rail input
• Programmable settling time vs power consumption
• Software selectable configurations
• Software selectable feedback resistor ladder for PGA implementations
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MSP430FG4619 - OpAmp
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MSP430 – OpAmp
Modes of operation:
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MSP430 – OpAmp
With more than one OpAmp block there is
possibility to form more complicated circuits
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MSP430 – ScanIF
The ScanIF module is used to automatically
measure linear or rotational motion with the
lowest possible power consumption
The ScanIF module consists of:
• the analog front end (AFE),
• the processing state machine (PSM),
• the timing state machine (TSM).
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MSP430 – ScanIF
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MSP430 – ScanIF• Features:
– � Support for different types of LC sensors
– � Measurement of sensor signal envelope
– � Measurement of sensor signal oscillaRon amplitude
– � Support for resisRve sensors such as Hall-effect or giant
magneto-resistive (GMR) sensors
– � Direct analog input for A/D conversion
– � Direct digital input for digital sensors such as opRcal
decoders
– � Support for quadrature decoding
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MSP430FG4619 – ScanIF
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PIC24
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Introduction
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PIC24 microcontrollers
• Main features:
– Family of 16-bit microcontrollers
– Two sub-families:
• PIC24F – lower performance, lower power
consumption
• PIC24H – highest performance
– Large effort put to precisely control execution
time:
• Single cycle bit manipulation
• Fast interrupt response (5 cycles)
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PIC24 microcontrollers
• Main features:
– Modified Harvard architecture
– 16-bit ALU
– 16 x 16b universal registers
– Up to 256kB Flash
– Up to 16 kB SRAM
– Up to 512B EEPROM
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PIC24 microcontrollers
• Main features:
– Up to 8 DMA channels
– 16b timer/counters
– Function Peripheral Pin Select (PPS)
– NanoWatt technology (PIC24F)
– Cases from 14 to 100 pins
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Peripheral Pin Select
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Peripheral Pin Select• Peripheral Pin Select (PPS) - new feature on
Microchip’s microcontrollers
• PPS multiplexes many of the digital
peripherals on the microcontroller with a
number of I/O pins
• The multiplexing effectively allows you to
choose which peripherals are allocated to the
available external pins
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Peripheral Pin Select• PPS eliminates the peripheral blocking that
occurs when functions are multiplexed to a
small number of fixed pins
• The flexibility enabled by PPS allows to choose
a smaller, more cost-effective device, rather
than designing in a larger pin count device, in
order to access the needed peripherals
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PIC24 - peripherals• General Purpose Peripherals & device
features:
– ● Real-time Clock & Calendar
– ● Cyclic Redundancy Check
– ● USB
– ● 10 & 10/12-bit A/D Converters
– ● Comparator
– ● 10-bit & 16-bit D/A Converter
– ● Direct Memory Access
– ● Parallel Master Port
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PIC24 - peripherals• Motor Control, Lighting & 3-phase Energy Metering
Application Peripherals:
– ● Motor Control PWM
– ● Quadrature Encoder Interface
– ● 10/12-bit A/D Converter
• Switch Mode Power Supply & HID Lighting Peripherals:
– ● SMPS PWM
– ● SMPS ADC
– ● Comparators
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PIC24 - peripherals• Audio Peripherals:
– ● 12-bit A/D Converter
– ● 16-bit D/A Converter
– ● Output Compare PWM
– ● Data Converter Interface
• Display Graphics Peripherals:
– ● Parallel Master Port (QVGA)
– ● Charge Time Measurement Unit (touch-screen)
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Thank you for your attention
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References[1] www.ti.com
[2] MSP430 family documentation; www.ti.com
[3] MSP430x20 family documentation; www.ti.com
[4] MSP430F5435 documentation; www.ti.com
[5] http://cnx.org/content/m23500/latest/
[6] PIC24 family documentation; www.microchip.com
[9] http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_2/chpt_13/6.html