Advanced Engine Technology

Dr. Morgan Andreae Director, Cummins Inc. ICCT Workshop October 22, 2013

Agenda

§ Background: Engine development

§ Future engine development to reduce CO2

§ Regulation and GHG reduction

2

The  Road  to  Clean  Diesel  –  US  On-­‐Highway  

0.6g/HP-­‐hr  

0.25g/HP-­‐hr  

0.1g/HP-­‐hr  

0.01g/HP-­‐hr  

Par0culate  

1988   1990   1995   2000   2005   2010   2015   2020  

10.7g/HP-­‐hr  

6.0g/HP-­‐hr  

4.0g/HP-­‐hr  

2.5g/HP-­‐hr  

1.2g/HP-­‐hr  

0.2g/HP-­‐hr  

NOx  /  NOx+HC  

5.0g/HP-­‐hr  

Air-­‐Air  Charge  Cooling  Full-­‐Authority  Controls  /  Electronic  Fuel  Systems  

Low  PM  Combus=on  

Cooled  EGR,  VG  Turbochargers  Wall  Flow  Par=culate  Filter  NOx  Adsorber  +  PM  Filter  +  LD-­‐OBD  

SCR  +  HD-­‐OBD  OBD  +  GHG  

HP  Common  Rail  Fuel  Systems  

500  PPM  Sulfur  

Diesel  Fuel  

15  PPM  ULSD  

Diesel  Fuel  

Oil consumption projections in the U.S. transportation sector by vehicle type

Projected Oil Consumption (MMBD), by Vehicle TypePresuming 75% Oil Reduction

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Oil

Con

sum

ed (M

MB

D)

Heavy Trucks Light Trucks Cars

in 2050...

4.26 MMBD

2.11 MMBD

1.16 MMBD

Projected Oil Consumption (MMBD), by Vehicle TypePresuming 75% Oil Reduction

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Oil

Con

sum

ed (M

MB

D)

Heavy Trucks Light Trucks Cars

in 2050...

4.26 MMBD

2.11 MMBD

1.16 MMBD

Projected Oil Consumption (MMBD), by Vehicle TypePresuming 75% Oil Reduction

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Oil

Con

sum

ed (M

MBD

)

Heavy Trucks Light Trucks Cars

in 2050...

4.26 MMBD

2.11 MMBD

1.16 MMBD

Projected Oil Consumption (MMBD), by Vehicle TypePresuming 75% Oil Reduction

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Oil Consu

med (MM

BD)

Heavy Trucks Light Trucks Cars

in 2050...

4.26 MMBD

2.11 MMBD

1.16 MMBD

P

ro

jecte

d O

il C

o

ns

um

ptio

n (M

M

B

D

), b

y V

eh

icle

T

yp

e

P

resu

m

ing

7

5%

O

il R

e

du

ction

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

200

0

20

05

20

10

20

15

2

02

0

2

0

2

5

203

0

2

0

35

20

40

20

45

2

05

0

Oil Consumed (MMBD)

H

ea

vy

T

ru

ck

s

L

ig

h

t T

ru

ck

s

C

ars

in

205

0...

4.2

6 M

M

B

D

2.1

1 M

M

B

D

1.1

6 M

M

B

D

Projected Oil Consumption (MMBD), by Vehicle TypePresuming 75% Oil Reduction

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Oil

Con

sum

ed (M

MB

D)

Heavy Trucks Light Trucks Cars

in 2050...

4.26 MMBD

2.11 MMBD

1.16 MMBD

Pro

jecte

d O

il C

on

su

mp

tio

n (

MM

BD

), b

y Veh

icle

Typ

e

Pre

sum

ing

75%

Oil

Re

du

ction

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

200

0

20

05

20

10

20

15

202

0

20

25

203

0

20

35

20

40

20

45

205

0

Oil Consumed (MMBD)

Hea

vy

Tru

ck

s

Lig

ht

Tru

ck

s

Ca

rs

in 2

050..

.

4.26 M

MB

D

2.1

1 MM

BD

1.1

6 MM

BD

Projected Oil Consumption (MMBD), by Vehicle TypePresuming 75% Oil Reduction

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Oil

Con

sum

ed (M

MB

D)

Heavy Trucks Light Trucks Cars

in 2050...

4.26 MMBD

2.11 MMBD

1.16 MMBD

Cars  

Light  Trucks  

Heavy  Trucks  (Commercial  Vehicles)  

Pet

role

um C

onsu

med

(MM

BD

*)

33%  

41%  

26%  57%  

28%  

15%  

U.S.   Department   of   Energy,   Energy   Informa=on   Administra=on.   2009b.   Annual   Energy  Outlook  2009.  Report  No.  DOE/EIADOE/EIA-­‐0383(2009).  Washington,  D.C.  March  2009.

*MMBD  –  Million  Barrels  Per  Day  **VMT  –  Vehicle  Miles  Traveled  

Sustained  Increase  -­‐   Connected  to  Economic  Growth  -­‐   Freight  tonnage  and  VMT**  Increases  -­‐   Natural  Gas  Impact  ??  

Reduc0on  in  Consump0on  -­‐   Energy  pricing,  customer  demands    -­‐   CAFE  Standards  -­‐   Downsizing  -­‐   EVs  and  HEVs  -­‐   Clean  Diesel  -­‐   Biofuels  

28%  of  US  Energy  is  Consumed  by  the  TransportaBon  Sector…..  

EvoluEon  of  HD  Diesel  Engine  Efficiency  

35  

40  

45  

50  

55  

60  

1985   1990   1995   2000   2005   2010   2015  

Brake  Thermal  Efficien

cy  (%

)  

2020  

Class  8  Line  Haul  Applica=on:  Highway  Cruise  Condi=on  

Brake  Thermal  Efficiency  (BTE)  -­‐  the  engine  output  divided  by  the  fuel  energy  input  

Cooled  EGR,  VG  Turbochargers  

Wall  Flow  Par=culate  Filter  

SCR  +  HD-­‐OBD  

Vehicle  Energy  Analysis  

Engine  LossesInterstate:  56%  -­‐ 59%Urban:  58%  -­‐ 61%

Aerodynamic  LossesInterstate:  16%  -­‐ 25%Urban:  3%  -­‐ 11%

Rolling  ResistanceInterstate:  12%  -­‐ 17%Urban:  4%  -­‐ 14%

Drive  TrainInterstate:  2%  -­‐ 6%Urban:  5%  -­‐ 9%

Auxiliary  LoadsInterstate:  1%  -­‐ 4%Urban:  7%  -­‐ 10%

Inertia/BrakingInterstate:  0%  -­‐ 2%Urban:  12%  -­‐ 22%

OpportuniEes  for  Improvement  

Line-­‐Haul  

37%  31%   32%  

40%  

30%  

20%  

10%  

0%  Engine   Vehicle   Opera0ons  

Voca0onal  20%  

11%  14%  

27%  

75%  

53%  

Engine   Vehicle   Opera0ons  

80%  

60%  

40%  

20%  

0%  

Conven=onal  Powertrain   Hybrid  Powertrain  

Includes  the  Powertrain  

(P&D,  Bus,  Refuse,  Pick-­‐up)  

(Inter-­‐state  Routes)  

0            5        10        15        20        25  Fuel  Consump=on  Improvement  (%)  

2010  Baseline  

SuperTruck Demonstration Line-­‐haul   Technology

Demonstration SuperTruck  :  Industry  and  US  Department  of  Energy  Co-­‐sponsored  Program  to  Improve  Engine  Efficiency  and  Vehicle  Freight  Efficiency  

Technology  DemonstraEon    

Vehicle  DemonstraEon  of  Freight  Efficiency  Improvement  

61

76

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Freight  Efficiency  Im

provem

ent  (%)

24hr  duty  cycleDrive  Cycle

Demo  #2  Goal

Demo #1  Goal

Status

Standard  Deviation:    3%

Approximately  19%  reduc=on  in  Engine  Fuel  Consump=on  

Fuels •  Reduced carbon intensity •  Bio Diesel, CNG, LNG

Tractor / Trailer •  Aerodynamics •  Tires / Rolling Resistance •  Idling Technologies

Highways / Infrastructure •  Highway Construction / Congestion •  Speed limits •  GVW

Fleets / Operators •  Incentives for low GHG vehicles •  Logistics, Driver training & aids

Engines / Power Trains •  Advanced Engines and

Aftertreatment •  Waste Heat Recovery •  Integrated Power Trains •  Hybrids / Automated Transmissions

Controlling GHGs – A Systems Approach

US EPA Phase 1 GHG: Engine AND Vehicle Regulation

12

CLASS 2b 8,501 to 10,000 lb

+

US EPA Phase 1 GHG: Engine AND Vehicle Regulation

13

CLASS 2b 8,501 to 10,000 lb

+

ISX15 SmartTorque2 Eaton Fuller Advantage Automated Transmission

3 – 6% Better Fuel Economy

Proposal for EPA Phase 2 GHG Rule: Engine/Powertrain AND Vehicle Regulation

15

CLASS 2b 8,501 to 10,000 lb

+ OR

Proposal for EPA Phase 2 GHG Rule: Engine/Powertrain AND Vehicle Regulation

16

CLASS 2b 8,501 to 10,000 lb

+ OR

Summary

§ Engine regulation has been successful in reducing real world criteria emissions

§ Future engine technology development will be focused on CO2 reduction –  New engine & powertrain technology has the potential to make

significant reductions in CO2 emissions

§ Regulatory framework and approach can play an important role –  Engine/powertrain program AND vehicle program can help

efficiently drive technology development to reduce emissions

17

Thank you!