NASA - Sp8108 - Space Vehicle Design Criteria - Advanced Composite Structures
Advanced Composite Materials for Leo Space Application
Transcript of Advanced Composite Materials for Leo Space Application
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Advanced Composite Materialsfor LEO Space Application Special Environments Background
9 Light weight and extraordinary optical, thermal, electrical &
mechanical characteristics
Hazardous LEO space environment effects on composites
9 Damage on composite structures and components
LEO resistant composites is to be developed
Objective and Scope
Space structuresoperating in LEO
Development of Advanced Composite Materials for Space ApplicatioDevelopment of Advanced Composite Materials for Space Applicationn
LEO space environment Development of nano-sized fillers reinforced nanocomposites
simulation facility
Investi at ion of LEO s ace environment characteristics after LEO
Selection of LEO resistant nano-fillers
Understanding of the LEO
s ace environment effects
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exposureon typical composites
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LEO Space EnvironmentSimulation Special Environments LEO space environment simulation facility
~ -6-
UV radiation (< 200nm)
-
AO exposure (AO flux = 4.5x10-16 atoms/cm2s)
UV Lamp Plasma Chamber
Mass Flow Controller
RF Power Supply
Ar
O2
Orifice4.0x10
14
4.2x1014
gas flow rate : 5 sccm
O2
: Ar = 0.9 : 0.1
(atoms/cm
3)
O3
60
80
100
120
)
Quartz
Halogen
Lamp
specimen
Refrigerator
2.0x1013
4.0x1013
3.8x1014
Neutraldensity
O2
O2*
O*
Ar
Ar*
-40
-20
0
20
Temperature(oC
LEO Space Environment
Copper plate
Main Vacuum Chamber150 200 250 300 350 400
0.0
RF power (Watt)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-80
-60
Time(min)
lower side
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Simulation Facility, KAISTAO f lux analysis Thermal cyc ling
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LEO Space Environment Characteristicsof Nano-Composites Special Environments Fabrication of nano-fillers reinforced composites
2 3
LEO environment characteristics of nano-composites50nmMWNTs
Al2O3nanotubes
reinforcement of LEO resistant nano-fillersNano-fillers used
6
8
10
oss(%)
60
70
80
90
100
(MPa)
unexposed
exposed
2
4
TotalMassL
10
20
30
40
50
TensileStrength
Epoxy 0.2 wt % 0.5 wt % 1.0 wt %0
MWNT concentration
Enhancement of tensile strength by MWNT Mass loss reduction by MWNT addition
01.00.50.20.0
MWNT concentration (wt.%)
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Development of Composite Materialsfor Cryotanks Special Environments Background
Light weight structure is a primary concern for the storages of launch vehicles
There are some dramatic changes in composite properties and their performances under
cryogenic environments
such as cycling/aging process
Ob ective & Sco es
Development of CFRP
composite material systems
Selection of adhesive for
cryogenic use
Cryotank
structures
manufacturing processes
Investigation on the actual
composites
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Evaluation of Composite Propertiesat Cryogenic temperature Special Environments Development of CFRP composite material system
for cryogenic use
Bonding characteristics of adhesives between
composite and metal liner for TYPE-III tanks
120
140
160
180
200
0.8%1.1% 2.1%
5.5%2.9%
3.8% 6.2%2.0%
-5.4%
5.9%8.3%2.3%
s(GPa)
CU125NS (Baseline)
Type A Type B Type C
Type D Type E Type F
2000
2500
3000
3500
-0.3%
7.1%
-2.4%
-13.6%
-1.6%5.0%
5.9%
-3.1% -4.0%
-10.7%-11.4%-9.3%
h(MPa)
CU125NS (Baseline)
Type A Type B Type C
Type D Type E Type F
0
20
40
60
80
6-cycled to -150o
C6-cycled at RT
Stiffnes
0
500
1000
1500
6-cycled to -150o
C6-cycled at RT
S
trengt
60
70
80
at -150oCBondex606
EA9696
FM73
60
70
80
at RTBondex606EA9696
FM73
10
20
30
40
50
Strength(MPa)
10
20
30
40
50
Strength(MPa)
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< - aw ens e gr p or -cyc ng>0
JointJoint BulkBulkJointBulk0
JointJointBulkBulkJoint
Bulk
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Cryogenic Behaviors ofComposite/Aluminum Ring Specimen Special Environments
Tensile response of ring specimen at -150oC using split-disk
Different stiffness around the composite ring due to friction
and bending effects
Residual strain in ring with aluminum-liner after first cycles
60
160
180
200
220 at RT
at -150oC
Pa)
40
501st cycle2nd cycle
3rd cycle
4th cycle5th cycle
6th cycle)
60
80
100
120
140
Stiffness(
20
30
Burst curve
Load(k
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900
20
40
Degree from split line ()
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.00
10
Strain (%)
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LN2 Storage and PressurizationTest of Prototype Cryotank Special EnvironmentsExperimental procedure
GN2 ressurization 250 si-500
0
. . .
leak test
LN2 storin-1500
-1000
Strain()
ESG 1ESG 2
GN2 pressurization (250psi)0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-2000
Time (min)
ESG 4
-0.05
0.00
Strain
behavior
Temperature -0.20
-0.15
-0.10
Strain(%)
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60-0.30
-0.25
X (mm)
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Carbon Nanotube(CNT)-ReinforcedComposites Special Environments Background
3 MECHANICAL
High performance compositesHigh performance compositesCoatingsCoatings wearwear--resistant and lowresistant and low--frictionfriction
3 ELECTRICAL
Electrically Conductive CompositeElectrically Conductive Composite- Electrostatic Dissipation
pp ca on opp ca on o
High performance fibersHigh performance fibers
Reinforced ceramic composites
3 THERMALThermallThermall --conducti ve ol mer com os itesconductive ol mer com osites
- Shielding
- Conductive sealants
Energy Storage
- Super Capacitors
ThermallyThermally--conductive paints & coatingsconductive paints & coatings
3 FIELD EMISSIONFlat Panel Displays
Electron device cathodes
- ue ce s
Electronic Materials & DevicesElectronic Materials & Devices
- Conductive inks and adhesives
- Electronic packaging
- Device and microcircuit components
Lightingar on nano u ear on nano u e
Objective & Scope Investigation of properties of CNT/polymer nanocomposites and CNT-added fiber-
reinforced composites.
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pp ca on o e eve ope compos es o var ous s ruc ures.
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CNT/Epoxy Composites: Mechanical Properties Special Environments MWNT-added glass/epoxy fabric composites : mechanical properties
9 MWNTs were localized in matrix rich region and interfaces between warps & fills.
9 Mechanical properties increased due to MWNT addition.
MWNT
Glass fiber (warp)
Glass fiber (fill)
Microstructure of 1.0 wt% MWNT-added fabric composites
Mechanical Test MWNT contents Chan e %
Tensile st iffness MWNT0.4 9.3 %
Tensile s trength MWNT0.4 12.2 %
Compressive strength MWNT1.3 11.5 %
Shear stif fness MWNT0.7 7.6 %
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IL . . Shear strength MWNT0.7 4.9 %
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Cryogenic Use: Improvement of Crack Resistance Special Environments Thermal stress induced at fiber/matrix interface and
between laminae micro-crack under cryogenic environment10
1100
1200
/cm)
2)
Carbon nanotube (CNT)
Improvement ofcrack resistance through interlocking and bridging
effect 4
6
700
800
900
1000
sity(microcrack
ughness,
GI(
J/m
Cryogenic fracturesCryogenic fractures
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.70
2
0
500
600
Microcrackde
Microcrack density
Fractureto
Fracture toughness
wt% of MWNT
MWNT Fracture Crack
CNT effectsCNT effects
(wt%) toughness density
0.0 - -
0.2 30% 18%0.7 32% 28%
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n er oc ng