DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGIES: Tiered Assignments. Tiered Assignments.
Advanced by Design: RtI Tiered Programming and the Gifted Student Developed by Karen Kendig...
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Transcript of Advanced by Design: RtI Tiered Programming and the Gifted Student Developed by Karen Kendig...
Advanced by Design:RtI Tiered Programming and the Gifted Student
Developed by Karen KendigNortheast Gifted Education Regional
1 Hour Inservice Series: HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Did you know?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHWTLA8WecI
Shift happens
Teachers can and should be part of that shift.
Why can’t students answer higher level questions? To the dismay of many educators and
potential employers, it is daunting how few students are able to “draw inferences from texts, distinguish the relevant information in mathematics problems, or provide and defend a thesis in an essay.”
Wolf, D. (1987, Winter).
The art of questioning.
Academic Connections, 1-7.
Why don’t teachers ask more higher level questions? While researchers indicate that questioning
strategies are essential to the growth of critical thinking skills, creative thinking skills, and higher level thinking skills and can positively affect achievement, most classrooms are devoid of these types of questions as a regular part of learning.
From Questioning Strategies for Teaching the Gifted
by Elizabeth Shaunessy, 2005 Prufrock Press.
What is CSAP measuring?
A student scoring at the Advanced Level has success with the most challenging content of the Colorado Model Content Standards. These students answer most of the test questions correctly, including the most challenging questions.
Where do Higher Order Thinking Skills fit into RtI’s tiered programming model?
Thinking skills should be taught to ALL students at the Universal Level—Tier 1
Where to begin?
Metacognition Talk about thinking with
your students Post charts about thinking
with key words Classroom climate
Safe Nonthreatening Encouraging Mutually respectful
What is the teacher’s role?
Responsive facilitator of
learning Not sage on the stage but
guide from the side
Probe beyond simple, convenient yes/no questions Consider the specificity or vagueness of the questions and their
purpose. Divvy up summarizing and concluding responsibilities among
students.
Strasser 1967
What is the student’s role?
Think about higher level thinking Think about possible answers to questions
posed Ask higher level questions of self and others
Why Bloom’s Taxonomy?
By using Bloom's hierarchy of thinking categories teachers can identify the level of chosen classroom objectives and create assessments to match those levels. One can write items for any given level. With objectively scored item formats, it is fairly simple to tap lower levels of Bloom's taxonomy and more difficult, but not impossible, to measure at higher levels. By designing items to tap into teacher-chosen levels of cognitive complexity, classroom assessments increase validity.
http://www.specialconnections.ku.edu
In 1956, Benjamin Bloom headed a group of educational psychologists who developed a classification of levels of intellectual behavior important in learning. Bloom found that over 95% of the test questions students encounter require them to think only at the lowest possible level...the recall of information.
Bloom identified six levels within the cognitive domain, from the simple recall or recognition of facts, as the lowest level, through increasingly more complex and abstract mental levels, to the highest order which is classified as evaluation.
Knowledge collect•describe•identify•lists•how•tell•tabulate•defi
ne•examine•label•name•retell•state•quote•enumerate•match•read•record•reproduce•copy•select
Examples: dates, events, places, vocabulary, key ideas, parts of diagram, 5Ws
Comprehension associate•compare•distinguish•extend•interpret
•predict•differentiate•contrast•describe•discuss •estimate•group•summarize•order•cite•convert
•explain•paraphrase•restate•trace Examples: find meaning, transfer, interpret facts,
infer cause & consequence, examples
Application •apply•classify•change•illustrate•solve
•demonstrate•calculate•complete •solve•modify•show•experiment•relate•discover •act•administer•articulate•chart•collect•compute •construct•determine•develop•establish•prepare •produce•report•teach•transfer•use
Examples: use information in new situations, solve problems
While critical thinking can be thought of as more left-brain and creative thinking more right brain, they both involve "thinking." When we talk about HOTS "higher-order thinking skills" we're concentrating on the top three levels of Bloom's Taxonomy: analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.
Analysis •analyze•arrange•connect•divide•infer•separate
•classify•compare•contrast•explain•select•order •breakdown•correlate•diagram•discriminate•focus •illustrate•infer•outline•prioritize•subdivide •points out•prioritize
Examples: recognize and explain patterns and meaning, see parts and wholes
Synthesis •combine•compose•generalize•modify•invent•plan
•substitute•create•formulate•integrate•rearrange •design•speculate•rewrite•adapt•anticipate •collaborate•compile•devise•express•facilitate •reinforce•structure•substitute•intervene•negotiate•reorganize•validate
Examples: discuss "what if" situations, create new ideas, predict and draw conclusions
Evaluation •assess•compare•decide•discriminate•measure
•rank•test•convince•conclude•explain•grade•judge•summarize•support•appraise•criticize•defend
•persuade•justify•reframe Examples: make recommendations, assess
value and make choices, critique ideas
Why should your lessons Bloom? Researchers believe that teachers should
test over what they teach in the same way that they teach it.
There’s no time like the present. Choose a content area you teach. Write at least five generic questions at each
of the HOTS levels of
Blooms Taxonomy
Analysis Synthesis Evaluation
Make a deck of resource cards Paste your questions on cards and laminate
Use in learning centers Let students choose questions as discussion or
test items Use cards and key word charts as guides for
student-written questions