Advanced Batteries for

New Applications and Markets

Pb2013, Prague, 20 June 2013

Michel Baumgartner

EU Affairs Manager

Contents

1° The European Battery Industry – Short Overview

2° Automotive Applications

• Car market data

• Automotive battery market data

• What consequences for Lead-based batteries?

3° Industrial Applications

• Industrial battery market data

• Drivers for advances in technology

• Untapped potential: Energy Storage

1. The European Battery Industry –

Short overview

European Battery Industry

Battery Manufacturers

+ Supply Industry

30,000 direct jobs !

6 billion EUR turnover, of which

5 billion in Lead-based batteries

Membership

Battery Manufacturers

2. Automotive Applications

The Car Market – Expectations

Vehicle Production Europe* 2012-2016 (in m units)

PC/LCV according to POLK

HCV According to LMC

The Automotive Battery Market - Expectations

17,802 17,427 18,511 19,944 20,389

44,883 44,970 45,309 45,782 46,464

62,685 62,397 63,820 65,726 66,853

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OEM AM

Battery Market Volumes 2012 – 2016 (in m units)

* According to POLK and GIPA

Regulatory requirements for fuel economy

and CO2 emissions in the automotive sector

Europe

– 15% by 2015

– 25% improvement over 2015

levels by 2020

United States

– 15% by 2016

– 40+% improvement in average

fuel economy by 2025

China

‒ Aligning requirements around

EU regulations

Existing and pending legislation continues to

push automakers to introduce new technologies

179 160 116

182 162 132

154 130 95

2012 2015 2020 CO2 Targets

grams CO2/km

HEV/EV Sales - Expectations

Battery Technology and Applications

+

High cycle needs and “advanced” Start-Stop

Micro Hybrid

HEV

PHEV

EV

“Simple” start-stop systems

“Conventional” combustion engine

+

+

+

< 50 V

+ +

EFB

AGM

SLI

Transport Sector

New European Green Vehicles Initiative (in Horizon 2020) recognises

the importance of R&D into all levels of hybridisation and electrification

EU Climate Policies creating new markets

for Energy Storage

Future Start/Stop Technologies

Start-Stop with voltage stabilization system

“eHDi” technology with lead-acid AGM battery

and Supercaps

“Hybrid Air “ system PSA/Bosch w/o specific battery Engine off while approaching a stop,

but at vehicle speed < 20 km/h

(not after complete vehicle standstill as today)

“Stop-in-motion”: Engine off at higher

whenever acceleration is not needed

Future Market

Start-Stop functionality in 75% of new European vehicles

Research tells that 90% of all owners are very satisfied

Global Start/Stop market for new vehicles to reach 35 million by 2017

€1,21 US, €1,62 EU, €1,41 China Global Gas Average € / l:

2020 Forecast (2012 look)

Near-Term Reality:

Evolutionary technology is winning

mass market adoption

Updated 2020

Outlook

< 50 V +

+

+ +

2. Industrial Applications

Units („000)

Trend (units)

2011-2012

k€

Trend (€)

2011/2012

2V Cells Sealed 452 -3% 44,850 -5%

2V Cells Vented 9,450 -4% 819,750 -5%

Mono-blocks Sealed 523 +4% 58,250 +7%

Mono-blocks Vented 178 +5% 19,550 -7%

Motive Battery Market in 2012

by Product Category

452,000; 4%

9,450 kUnits 89%

523,000; 5% 178,000; 2%

2V Sealed

2V Vented

Mono-blocs Sealed

Mono-blocs Vented

Total Motive Market 2012: 942,400 k€ - 10,600,000 units

Stand-by Market 2012 by Region - k€

Value 2012 Trend 2011/2012

Total EMEA 840,000 +2%

EU-27 627,000 +1%

Other Europe 109,000 +5%

Middle East 53,000 +7%

Africa 51,000 Double digit increase

74.6%

13.0%

6.3% 6.1%

EU 27

Other Europe

Middle East (15 countries)

Africa (18 countries)

Per Technology

Stand-by Market 2012 – EU 27

Total Market: 627,000 k€

Per Application

18.6%

6.8%

74.7%

Flooded

Sealed < 24 Ah

Sealed > 24 Ah

28.0%

25.9%

46.2%

Communication

UPS (AC)

Others

Others: power, lighting, switching,

security, solar, train infrastructure…

Sm

alle

r

Lighter

Energy Storage & Generation Technologies Size, Weight and Cost Considerations

$150/ kWh

Lead Acid

Li Ion cell (18650)

$270/kWh

Nickel cadmium

$400/kWh

Nickel-Zinc

$250/ kWh

Silver-Zinc

$550/ kWh Li Ion battery

$850-5000/ kWh

$600/ kWh

Nickel metal hydride

$700 / kWh

Zebra Battery SystemSODIUM-NICKEL CHLORIDE

Supercaps ($5000/kWh)

Sodium Sulphur

$650 /kWh

Flow battery

$650 /kWh

PEM fuel cell

$900/kWh

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

00 25 50 75 100 125 150

Vo

lum

etr

ic e

ne

rgy d

en

sit

y (

Wh

/lit

re)

Gravimetric energy density (Wh/kg)

General Technical Improvements

• Ability to work at Partial State of Charge (PSOC)

• Applies not only to stop start, also telecom & motive power

applications

• Charging at higher currents & faster rates

• Improving lead acid technology dynamic charge acceptance &

charging efficiency.

• General improvements in cyclic capability

• at various DCH rate levels & also various depth of discharge

• Heat: designs for higher ambient operating temperatures

• Diversity in product form factors & functionality needs.

Energy Sector

• Statement:

“Electricity storage is a clear technology priority for the

decarbonisation of the European power system of 2020

and beyond”

• Eurobat provided to European Commission:

“2050 Roadmap on Energy Storage”

“The future role and challenges of Energy Storage”

EU Climate Policies creating new markets

for Energy Storage

« Battery Storage for Rural Electrification systems»:

- Current state of knowledge of off- and mini-grid systems

- General guidelines for optimized battery selection

- Enhance the knowledge about combination of functions

- Lead, Lithium, Nickel and Sodium technology

Two new EUROBAT publications

« Battery Storage for Smart grid applications»:

- Complementary paper to the joint EASE/EERA

« European Energy Storage Technology Development

Roadmap towards 2030 »

- Explains the potential contribution /advantages of

battery energy storage at all levels of the electricity grid:

generation, transmission, distribution and customer.

- Recommendations to facilitate mass-market utilization

- Lead, Lithium, Nickel and Sodium technology

THANK YOU!