Adults - Floods - Prevention
Transcript of Adults - Floods - Prevention
E-Learning Module for Adults
Floods
e-Learning for the Prevention, Preparedness and Response to Natural Disasters
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Part 1: Prevention
In part 1 of the Flood module , you will learn:
• WHAT IS A FLOOD? (causes and characteristics)
•THE TYPES OF FLOODS•WHERE DOES A FLOOD COME FROM AND WHERE CAN IT HIT?•WHAT TO BE AWARE OF IN THE AREAS? WHAT IS THE IMPACT?•WHEN DO YOU KNOW IF A FLOOD MIGHT HIT?
•WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF A FLOOD?
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Part 1: Prevention
WHAT IS A FLOOD? (causes and characteristics)
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Part 1: PreventionFloods - What are they?
What is a flood?
To be able to prevent a flood, you must be able to identify the flood. The definition of a flood can be a variety of things and the same applies to the cause.
Image courtesy of nattavut at FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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Part 1: PreventionFloods - What are they?
What is a flood?
To be able to prevent a flood, you must be able to identify the flood. The definition of a flood can be a variety of things and the same applies to the cause.
The word "flood" covers a wide spectrum, as it can be everything from a flooded basement to a more permanent flood in connection with natural incidents, such as rise in the sea level, tectonic subsidence or manmade structures such as dam or dikes who breaks. Image courtesy of nattavut at FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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Part 1: PreventionFloods - What are they?
DefinitionsA flood is flooding of time limited character where normally dry areas are covered in water.
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Part 1: PreventionFloods - What are they?
DefinitionsA flood is flooding of time limited character where normally dry areas are covered in water.
A temporarily flood is caused by a time limited increase in water influx e.g. due to cloudburst, heavy and long lasting rain, melting snow who runs into a lake, stream or a fjord. Temporarily floods in lowland terrain also can be caused by one or more of combinations of flash flood incidents.
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Part 1: PreventionFloods - What are they?
DefinitionsA flood is flooding of time limited character where normally dry areas are covered in water.
A temporarily flood is caused by a time limited increase in water influx e.g. due to cloudburst, heavy and long lasting rain, melting snow who runs into a lake, stream or a fjord. Temporarily floods in lowland terrain also can be caused by one or more of combinations of flash flood incidents.
Flooding from waste water is dealt with by the municipality. Waste water covers all water including rain water derived from residential areas, commercial activity, buildings in general as well as forted areas.
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Part 1: Prevention Floods - What are they?
Flood categories
Flooding in Europe is divided into categories measured by following criteria:
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Part 1: Prevention Floods - What are they?
Flood categories
Flooding in Europe is divided into categories measured by following criteria:•The source of the flood
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Part 1: Prevention Floods - What are they?
Flood categories
Flooding in Europe is divided into categories measured by following criteria:•The source of the flood•Geographical extent of the flooded area
Image courtesy of khuruzero at FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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Part 1: Prevention Floods - What are they?
Flood categories
Flooding in Europe is divided into categories measured by following criteria:•The source of the flood•Geographical extent of the flooded area•Cause of the flood Image courtesy of khuruzero at
FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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Part 1: Prevention Floods - What are they?
Flood categories
Flooding in Europe is divided into categories measured by following criteria:•The source of the flood•Geographical extent of the flooded area•Cause of the flood•Speed of the flood
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Part 1: Prevention Floods - What are they?
1st criteria: The source of the flood
The source of the flood refers to where the water comes from. That means if the water comes from the sea (coastal flooding), from streams (stream flooding), from above (flooding due to rainwater) or from below (flooding due to ground water). The source of the flood is closely connected with the geographical extent of the flooded area.
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Part 1: Prevention Floods - What are they?
2nd criteria: The geographical extent of the flooded area
The geographical extent of the flooded area refers to:
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Part 1: Prevention Floods - What are they?
2nd criteria: The geographical extent of the flooded area
The geographical extent of the flooded area refers to:•Flooding in coastal zones and in river estuary, where the water enters in to low-lying coastal areas.
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Part 1: Prevention Floods - What are they?
2nd criteria: The geographical extent of the flooded area
The geographical extent of the flooded area refers to:•Flooding in coastal zones and in river estuary, where the water enters in to low-lying coastal areas.•Flooding of areas along creeks and rivers, where the creeks or rivers overflow their banks. Image courtesy of khuruzero at
FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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Part 1: Prevention Floods - What are they?
3rd criteria: Cause of the flood
The cause of the flood can be heavy precipitation, flash flood, earthquake (tsunami), hurricanes, etc. Common to them all is that they are made because of the weather. Flooding also can occur due to breach on manmade protection from flooding, such as dikes, or other barriers based on keeping water out of areas.
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Part 1: Prevention Floods - What are they?
4th criteria: Speed of the flood
The speed of the flood refers to the time perspective in connection with the occurrence of the flood and can be violent and sudden, e.g. during a precipitation incident or occurrence over time, where the water accumulates over days or weeks in catchment of big river basins.
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Part 1: Prevention
THE TYPES OF FLOODS
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Part 1: PreventionTypes of floods
Do you know the different types of floods?
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Part 1: Prevention Types of floods
1. Coastal Flooding
When land along the coast is flooded by the sea. Coastal flooding can include flooding caused by any of the following: storm surge, tsunami, sea level rise, coastal subsidence.
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Part 1: Prevention Types of floods
2. Flash Floods
Sudden onset flooding that is usually associated with very intense localised rainfall. Peak discharges are only maintained for a matter of hours or even minutes.
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Part 1: Prevention Types of floods
3. Fluvial Flooding (River)
Flooding that occurs when water volume and/or flow is too great to be contained within a river channel.
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Part 1: Prevention Types of floods
4. Pluvial Flooding (Ponding)
Fluvial flooding is a type of flooding that can occur when relatively flat land, usually in more rural areas, becomes saturated. Direct rainfall rather than a river causes the flood, hence the name “pluvial”.
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Part 1: Prevention Types of floods
5. Urban Flooding
Flooding caused by drainage problems within urban areas. This can include sewer flooding and back water caused by blockages in storm-water drainage systems.
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Part 1: Prevention
WHERE DOES A FLOOD COME FROM AND WHERE CAN IT HIT?
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Part 1: PreventionSources of a flood
Where does a flood come from?
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Part 1: PreventionSources of a flood
Where does a flood come from?Heavy
rain
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Part 1: PreventionSources of a flood
Where does a flood come from?Heavy
rain
Flash flood
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Part 1: PreventionSources of a flood
Where does a flood come from?Heavy
rain
Flash flood
Melting snow
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Part 1: PreventionSources of a flood
e-Learning for the Prevention, Preparedness and Response to Natural Disasters
Where does a flood come from?Heavy
rain
Flash flood
Melting snow
Break on dikes
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Part 1: PreventionSources of a flood
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Earthquake under water (tsunami)
Where does a flood come from?Heavy
rain
Flash flood
Melting snow
Break on dikes
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Part 1: PreventionFloods - What are they?
Where can it hit?
Example of high risk ares:
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Part 1: PreventionFloods - What are they?
Where can it hit?
•Coastal lines
Example of high risk ares:
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Part 1: PreventionFloods - What are they?
Where can it hit?
•Coastal lines•Streams and lakes
Example of high risk ares:
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Part 1: PreventionFloods - What are they?
Where can it hit?
•Coastal lines•Streams and lakes•Lowland and flat terrain (heavy rain)
Example of high risk ares:
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Part 1: PreventionFloods - What are they?
Where can it hit?
•Coastal lines•Streams and lakes•Lowland and flat terrain (heavy rain)•Upper catchment
Example of high risk ares:
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Part 1: PreventionFloods - What are they?
Where can it hit?
•Coastal lines•Streams and lakes•Lowland and flat terrain (heavy rain)•Upper catchment•Urban areas
Example of high risk ares:
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Part 1: Prevention
WHAT TO BE AWARE OF IN THE AREAS? WHAT IS THE IMPACT?
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Part 1: PreventionAwareness and impact
Flooding in lowland coastal areas can have severe consequences such as fatalities and economic damage. The probability of disasters from flooding in coastal areas is low and the flooding can be alerted one or more days in advance as this type of flood often will be a flash flood. However the flooding can hit a large geographical area, where a large amount of people live.
Floodings in lowland coastal areas
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Part 1: PreventionAwareness and impact
Flooding from streams normally affects large areas of the lower catchment and can be foreseen several days before the incident occurs. The speed of the flooding will be low, but can nonetheless lead to severe damage.
Flooding of lower catchment areas
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Part 1: PreventionAwareness and impact
Flooding in the upper catchment, urban areas, etc
Flooding in the upper catchment, urban areas, etc., normally occurs locally after heavy precipitation incidents. This type of flooding can spread out of a whole region, if the situation of the weather is characterized of a big low-pressure area. The flooding can have a severe effect in densely populated areas, which primarily covers material damages.
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Part 1: PreventionAwareness and impact
Suddenly severe occurred flooding occurs, among others, in mountainous terrain and can occur very locally. This is the most common type of flooding in Europe. The consequences of this type of flooding is often catastrophic, because of the high speed of the flooding (flood surge), and the large amount of drifting goods. This can include a large number of fatalities and severe material damage.
Floodings in mountainous terrain
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Part 1: PreventionAwareness and impact
Sudden flooding from cloudburst
Another, and more frequent, cause of suddenly severe occurred flooding is cloudburst which can occur within a short time and can hit very locally, with severe damages as a result.
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Part 1: Prevention
WHEN DO YOU KNOW IF A FLOOD MIGHT HIT?
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Part 1: PreventionWhen can there be a flood?
A flood might hit:
Strong winds
After or during a severe storm
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Part 1: PreventionWhen can there be a flood?
A flood might hit:
Strong windsHigh waterline coast by strong
wind
After or during a severe storm
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Part 1: PreventionWhen can there be a flood?
A flood might hit:
Strong windsHigh waterline coast by strong
wind
Shows high water level coast by storm
After or during a severe storm
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Part 1: PreventionWhen can there be a flood?
A flood might hit:
Strong windsHigh waterline coast by strong
wind
Shows high water level coast by storm After a storm
After or during a severe storm
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Part 1: PreventionWhen can there be a flood?
A flood might hit:
Heavy rain Basement filled with water
If there is a heavy
rain coming
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Part 1: Prevention
WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF A FLOOD?
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Part 1: PreventionThe signs of a flood
•You can have difficulties in moving around
The consequenses of a flood include the following:
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Part 1: PreventionThe signs of a flood
•You can have difficulties in moving around•The water can be polluted and hide obstacles
The consequenses of a flood include the following:
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Part 1: PreventionThe signs of a flood
•You can have difficulties in moving around•The water can be polluted and hide obstacles•The flood can cause damage to the surroundings.o Nature – fallen trees
The consequenses of a flood include the following:
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Part 1: PreventionThe signs of a flood
•You can have difficulties in moving around•The water can be polluted and hide obstacles•The flood can cause damage to the surroundings.o Nature – fallen treeso Buildings – collapse
The consequenses of a flood include the following:
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Part 1: PreventionThe signs of a flood
•You can have difficulties in moving around•The water can be polluted and hide obstacles•The flood can cause damage to the surroundings.o Nature – fallen treeso Buildings – collapseo Landslide and mudslide
The consequenses of a flood include the following:
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Part 1: PreventionThe signs of a flood
•You can have difficulties in moving around•The water can be polluted and hide obstacles•The flood can cause damage to the surroundings.o Nature – fallen treeso Buildings – collapseo Landslide and mudslide
•You are in risk of getting too cold if the flooding is in the winter
The consequenses of a flood include the following:
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