Adult Life Span. Adult development Issues faced in adulthood Aging.
Adulthood and aging module 16
description
Transcript of Adulthood and aging module 16
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Adulthood andaging
module 16
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Learning goals:
Early Adulthood Transitions and the Social Clock
Physical Changes and Transitions
Cognitive Changes and Transitions
Social Changes and Transitions
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Emerging into adulthood: Age identity exploration: deciding who you are Age of instability: the time when you change
from place to place and from job to job. Age of self focus: deciding who to be with,
where to go and what to do. Age of feeling between: you still don’t feel like
an adult. Age of possibilities: full of optimism and hopes
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Social clock The concept of the social clock
describes societal expectations for the time at which people are expected to marry, have children, and accomplish other life tasks.
The social clock differs for each culture; it usually deals with significant changes in life that most people experience-
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Social clock in other cultures For example, 40% of brides in Jordan are in their teens
while they only constitute 3% of brides in Hong Kong. Another example is the age for retirement; the following
is the percentage of men over 65 in the work force--Western Europe, 10%, U.S., 16%, Japan, 36%, and Mexico, 69%.
Another difference may be the time to leave home; the U.S., most people leave home after graduation from high school or college, but in Korea, most people live in their parents' homes until they get married (some still don't leave after that).
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Midlife Crisis This term is
usually connected to age-linked stages such the "midlife crisis". The strange thing is that events associated with the term "midlife crisis" do not happen in "midlife".
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Stereotype of midlife crisis in men
The stereotype of a man with a midlife crisis is getting a young girlfriend or a sports car.
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Statistics: For example, divorce occurs mostly to
couples in their twenties while suicide is committed by people in their seventies and eighties.
However, a survey taken by 10,000 men and women between the ages of 33 and 54 shows that men experience an emotional crisis around the age of 36 and 42 while women do not experience a significant change except a small emotional instability in their early 50s.
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Early adulthood physical changes
Early adulthood is the period between the ages of 20-35 years. .
Physical Functioning Peak of strength, energy, and endurance Body functions are fully developed by mid
twenties Senses are sharpest Health Most have no chronic conditions or impairments Most medical visits are for injuries and
pregnancy
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Early adulthood changes cont.
Death Rates Men are more apt to die from accidents than
women African-Americans have twice the death rate
of Caucasians. U.S rate = 21.9 per 100,000 men Japanese rate = 0.5 murders per 100,000
men
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Physical changes during middle adulthood:
Middle adulthood is the period between the ages of 36-64 years.
Sensory and Motor Functioning Sexual and Reproductive Functioning Hearing loss for high-pitched sounds Men have twice loss rate as women Ability to focus declines Loss of near vision Decline in visual acuity-sharpness of vision Need more brightness
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Middle adulthood physical changes cont.
Motor Functioning Strength and coordination decline Due to loss of muscle mass, replaced by fat Reaction time slows, especially for motor
responses Experience makes up for physical changes Decline of reproductive capacity Women: ability to bear children ends Men: can father children, but have reduced
fertility Both experience decline in sex hormones
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Women in middle adulthood: Menopause Cessation of ovulation and
menstruation Occurs one year after last menstrual
period Less production of estrogen Periods become irregular Hot flashes due to expansion and
contraction of blood vessels
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Men in middle adulthood Changes begin 10 yrs later than women Enlargement of prostrate gland Causes problems with urination Testosterone levels decline gradually Sperm count declines, slower motility of sperm Less frequent erections & less powerful
ejaculations, takes longer to recover Minority experience erectile dysfunction
(impotence) Multiple causes due to illness, stress, health
habits
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Late adulthood Physical changes
Late adulthood is the period between the age 65 and older.
mental illness is less common among older adults than younger adult
Dementia: physiologically based cognitive and behavioral deterioration
Increases with age, but has many possible causes 80% of dementia caused by disease, not reversible Hypertension, strokes, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s is fatal disease with no cure Progressive, degenerative brain disorder
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Cognitive changes Fluid intelligence peaks during early adulthood and
then declines Ability to apply mental powers to new problems Perceiving relationships, forming concepts, drawing
inferences Decline probably due to changes in brain crystallized intelligence improves through middle age
and on Ability to remember and use information acquired
over a lifetime Depends on education and culture Uses stored information and automatic processing
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Intelligence with age: Fluid intelligence: Is our ability to reason speedily and
abstractly we use this type of intelligence to solve logic problems like sudoku.
This kind of intelligence tends to decrease during late adulthood.
Crystallized intelligence: Is our accumulated knowledge and verbal
skills and it tends to increase with age.
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Social Changes and transitions
You have to choose a career and then a job . Intimate attachment is vital to a happy
adulthood. Love last longer when you have Shared emotional support(empathy when things
go wrong and material support) intimate self-disclosure ( sharing
embarrassing moments or deep secrets) Similar interests (leisure activities and values.)
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Dying and death Many terminal ill patients end up in
hospice care instead of impersonal hospital care.
When death is sudden and unexpected, grief and subsequent depression can be particularly hard to handle for the relatives
The grief of women is five times greater than men’s grieve.
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Bibliography
http://www.unmarriedamerica.org/Spectrum/Bibliography/the-life-cycle.htm
http://theneuron.wetpaint.com/page/Psych+M.D.+-+Social+Clock
http://blue.utb.edu/ecantu/Psyc%202314/Feldman3Notes/MiddleAdultPhysCogFeldman3Notes.htm
http://blue.utb.edu/ecantu/Psyc%202314/Feldman3Notes/EarlyAdultPhysCogFeldman3Notes.htm
http://blue.utb.edu/ecantu/psyc%202314/notes/feldmannotes17.htm