Ɛmer Mezdad

Adlisfus n usemres n

tmaziɣt tatrart

Tira, taɣuri

ayamun

Tanemmirt i win i d-yefkan afus © Amar MEZDAD, 2000-2015

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Tazwart Tadlist-a, d ammud n temsirin. Nefka-tent deg iseggasen 1992-93 i

tsuta tamenzut n inelmaden deg tesdawit n Bgayet, asmi teldi teɣmert n Tmaziɣt. Imir-nni, ur ggiten ara wid isɣarayen.

Tugeţ di tedlist neddem-d seg wayen i d-ǧǧan Mouloud Mammeri, d Madeleine Allain. Dɣa neţat tḥeɣra arsufus nni, tefka-yaɣ-d rray-ines d kra n useɣti.

S tarrayt yellan deg isebtaren-a i nura adlis-nneɣ i d-yeffɣen (ungalen, tullizin, Internet) akk d win ara d-yeffɣen sya ɣer sdat. Ihi d asemres i d-nesna tura nnig 40 iseggasen aya. Deg tnuba-nneɣ, neţaru akken yura Mouloud Feraoun deg Isefra n Si Mohand. Mi nmed cwiṭ nemlal d wid i ɣ-yemlan, i ɣ-iseɣren, i ɣ-yefkan tidlisin d tesɣunin. Lemziya-nsen ur teţfakka ara fell-aɣ.

Tura ggten iɛebbwajen, d taɣuri n Tmaziɣt i d tafellaḥt-nsen. Nekkni, ɣas am wakken d i ibujaden, ddeqs aya i nesemras tameslayt. Tamuɣli n win ur nella d aɛebbwaj, tezmer ad tawi kra ur ţwalin widak yezgan reṣsan allaɣ-nsen dinna : ahat temagarrad cwiṭ d tin-nsen ; tikwal, ahat llan wawalen i sen-yennesren, nekkni nezmer ad ten-nwali deg usemres-nneɣ n yal ass, akken i t-yura Pierre Bourdieu. D neţa i yennan daɣen : « Kra n waddad n tmeslayt amzun d ssuq anida ara isenz isufar-is winna i ţ-yeţmeslayen »

Deg twinest-a yella wawal « ssuq » : ihi, ayen yeddan d tmeslayt yuɣal d asafar n menwala. Ssuq d tanyilt anida ţaɣen, snuzuyen. Ma yezmer ad yenz usafar armi ɣur-s azal, ma ur yufa ara win ara t-yaɣen armi d war azal, iţusemma ur yeswa ara. Tideţ, ssuq ur yezmir ara ad idum ma ulac imarrawen, wid ixeddmen. Ur yezmir ara daɣen ad idum ma ulac wid ara yaɣen, meḥsub wid yeqqaren.

Amyag « aɣ », di tmaziɣt, ggten deg-s inumak. Yezmer ad yaɣ kra wemdan, fiḥel ma senzen-as-t ! Ihi kra n win yeqqaren nezmer ad nini d amsaɣ s timmad-is. Ihi win ara yeɣren tadlist, yuɣ-iţ, neɣ ahat d neţat maḍi i t-yuɣen.

Ɛ.M.

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IZEGZAL

1u(t) (t) amezwaru(t) atg. ar taggara... FDB Fichier de Documentation Berbère GM gar tamawt Mly amalay > yif, yugar ⇒ iţakk, ad d-yawi sf asuf sgt asget Tac. Tacelḥit Taqb. Taqbaylit Tamac. Tamaceɣt unt. unti Ɛ.M. Ameskar # amgirred

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TAJERRUMT

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AMSISLI

Amata : – Tijegdit ɣef tebna tarrayt, d amenzay :

yiwen usekkil = yiwen umesli – Isekkilen d wid n TlaTinit, anagar sin, kkan-d si TeGrigit :

ɣ d ɛ ( Ɣ d Ɛ ma d isekkilen meqqren ) – Kra n yisekkilen ţawin ticcert, akafu, neɣ tineqqiṭ, akken ad

ddun d tmeslayt : ţ, č, ǧ, ḍ, ṭ GM : – I-lmend irukuten n tira, send ad ilin useɣzen d uselkim,

llan wid iţarun ç deg umur n č : akka : ç = č. Tura nedda d ufara ! – Tarrayt-a tezga tekkat amek ara terked gar wemsisli d wesnilsi.

Ur telli d tamsislit tamsarit, ur telli d tasnislit tamsarit – Iswi d tameslayt talemmast, tatrart, ara yeddun d tira

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AGEMMAY a – Tiɣra :

a aman i iɣi u ul

Tamawt : – Azgen-tiɣra : y d w, azal-nsent d tirgalin di tira. Ţawint ilugan-nsent :

y tiyita eyya w awal yewwa

b – Tirgalin : – Asmules seg wansi i d-ţlalent :

– Seg icenfiren : b bibb m amummi

– Gar tuɣmas d icenfiren : f afud

– Gar tuɣmas d yiles : t nutenti tama ṭ iṭij ţ tideţ d dadda da ḍ iḍ l ilili n ini

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– Seg yixf n yiles :

r amrar ṛ ṛwu

– Ixf n yiles ɣef uẓar n tuɣmas : – tiẓenzunin :

s asif ṣ ṣubb z izi ẓ iẓi ž lžayer

– tibecbacin : c amcic č učči j ajuj ǧ afenǧal

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– Seg waneɣ :

k ibki, akal g agu, argaz –Seg teqlalt : ɣ iɣi q qim x xixxi – Si tgerjujt (tankart) : ɛ ɛuɛɛu ḥ iḥar – Si tbuhcict : h ihi, aha°

Tamawt : – tirgalin azgen-aggaɣ d ti : ţ, č, ǧ – deg tarrayt-a, ž ur d-iteddu ara

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A F E L W I

asekkil s tefransist s teɛrabt A, a A ٲ B, b b/v ب C, c Ch ش Č, č Tch تش D, d d/d spirant د Ḍ, ḍ d emphatique ظ E, e E F, f F ف G, g g/g spirant ڨ Ǧ, ǧ Dj H, h h spirante ه Ḥ, ḥ h muette ح I, i I ءا J, j J ج K, k k/k spirant ك L, l L ل

M, m M م N, n N ن Γ, ɣ r parisien غ Q, q ق R, r r roulé ر Ṛ, ṛ r emphatique S, s S س Ṣ, ṣ s emphatique ص T, t t/ t spirant ث Ṭ, ṭ t emphatique ط Ţ, ţ Ts ت U, u Ou أو W, w w anglais و X, x Kh خ Y, y Y ي Z, z Z ز Ẓ, ẓ Z emphatique

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Tamawt : – Isekkilen iţawin tineqqiṭ d ufayen – ḥ ɣas iţawi tineqqiṭ mačči d ufay, d targalt s timmad-is.

Tineqqiṭ tferren ḥ d h : yeḥmel yehmel

– Isekkilen iţawin " ° ", d anɣiyen : g°, k°, ɣ°, q°, x°

Anɣiyen-a ur d-teddun ara deg tarrayt-a, anagar ma ibeddel unamek

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– Targalin-a :

b, d, g, k, t tugeţ ţilint d tizenzaɣin :

abrid udem iger akal tamurt agem

Maca : – t, d : d aggaɣen deffir l, n :

tamellalt nutenti aldun ildi

– b : d aggaɣ deffir m :

tambult ambaṣi

– g : d aggaɣ deffir b, j, r, ɛ, z : inebgi ajgu argaz aɛgaz azgen zger

– k : d aggaɣ deffir ḥ, f, c, ɛ, l, r, s :

aḥkim ayefki ayeck-it ɛkes afilku arkas skud

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TUSSDA – Targalt yessden teţunefk s 2 n yisekkilen. – Azenzaɣ yessden iţuɣal d aggaɣ :

d ⇒ dd : del ddal ḍ ⇒ ṭt : rḍel reṭtel g ⇒ gg : ger ggar ɣ ⇒ qq : yenɣa ineqq k ⇒ kk : ikiw kkaw t ⇒ tt : ftel fettel

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Tamawt : – w d y ma ssden zemren ad uɣalen d targalt nniḍen, d taɣert :

w iţɣar s gg neɣ s kk y iţɣar s gg

Akka : – w : w ⇒ gg :

yerwi ireggi aweḍ aggaḍ

w ⇒ kk : iwet yekkat

– y : y ⇒ gg : ɛyu iɛeggu

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AMSERTI

– Amserti, mi ara mlilen sin n yimesliyen, ţuɣalen d yiwen umesli : yiwen yemlal d wayeḍ, msertin.

– Deg tarrayt-a, tugeţ, amserti fiḥel ma ikad-d di tira, anagar ḍ+t deg wunti

1) – d - t > ţ-ţ / t-t

– d n tilawt : d taqcict > ţ-ţaqcict

– tanzeɣt d : argaz d tmeṭtut > argaz ţ-ţmeṭtut

– ad n yimal : ad+t = ad t > aţ-ţ = at-t ad tedduḍ = ad tedduḍ > aţ-ţedduḍ

Tamawt :

Ma d imal + amyag yeftin i iman-is, ulac ajerriḍ–usemlili (–), ma yerna d n tnila yif-it ma yedda deg tira. Ad tawiḍ Maca : Ad d–tawiḍ

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2) – ḍ + t = ṭ

ablaḍ ⇒ tablaṭ abrid ⇒ tabriṭ

Tamawt : Ma yemlal ḍ n wemyag yeftin udem wis-2 asuf d wemqim

usrid t, yezga ulac amserti di tira : twalaḍ-t, teččiḍ-t

3) –Tanzeɣt « n » :

Ur teţawi ara amserti – n + l > l-l :

aman n lebḥer > aman l-lebḥer – n + ṛ > ṛ-r :

awal n ṛebbi > awal ṛ-Rebbi – n + f > f-f :

tajmaɛt n ferru > tajmaɛt f-ferru – n + m > m-m :

taxatemt n meţu > taxatemt m-meţu – n + b > m :

axxam n baba > axxam m-baba – n + w > w-w :

tawwurt n wexxam > tawwurt w-wexxam Ihi : talɣa 1ut > talɣa 2t

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AḌRIS :

WIN I D-YUƔALEN Illel. Abrid. Azaɣar. Adrar. Taddart. Axxam. Iwet di tewwurt

yekcem. Tawwurt n wesqif tewwi anina, tugar ṭtbel neɣ lewǧeh yeffɣen deg uɣanim, mi yewwi yid-s aɣlaɣal deg wedrar.

Acemma din ur ibeddel.Taɛrurt ibubb-iţ welɣem, taddart tbubb-iţ tewrirt. Abrid isurufen deg-s, d ccama i ţ-yebḍan ɣef sin. Yurǧa imir ikad-as-d annect-ilat. Nniqal yuyes, yuɣal am wakken yeḍmaɛ ulac win i s-d-yeslan, meqqar ad yuɣal sya, ad yader tirec-ṭirec-ɣerbal-i. Taddart, adrar, azaɣar. Igenni di temsrifegt ! Ad yuɣal agemmaḍ-in ! Cwiṭ akka yesla i wesqerbeb, ata-n slan-as-d ! Acu swayes ara ten-yemmagger ? Teţel taɣect, ticirecţ n waldun la teţbuɛbun di tyersi.

Ɛ.M. Ungal

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ILUGAN N TIRA

Llan 7 ilugan n tira

ALAGAN AMENZU : Yiwen umesli=Yiwen usekkil – Yiwen umesli yezga fell-as yiwen usekkil. Tarrayt-a tuli ɣef

tdamsa n yisekkilen. – Deg tarrayin tiqburin, yiwen umesli yezmer ad yaru s yiwen,

sin neɣ ugar d asekkil. Amedya :

ul zik iţaru oul ačamar zik iţaru atchamar tamurt zik iţaru thamourth imezwura zik iţaru imezououra

Deg tarrayin n zik ggten isekkilen, tiseddi txus. Tikkwal asusru

ẓzay, tugeţ i win ur neţmeslay Tamaziɣt.

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ALAGAN WIS-SIN : Tussda Amesli iţarun s sin n isekkilen, d ussid (neɣ d aɣezzfan). Amedya :

bibb, bb d ussid dadda, dd d ussid akk-a, kk d ussid xixxi, xx d ussid

Tamawt : - amesli ussid, iţbeddil anamek Amedya :

Am.awezzlan Amedya Am.ussid Amedya Z Zem zz Zzem S Usu ss Ussu F Ifan ff Iffan R ruḥ rr rruḥ

Ihi : - amesli awezlan = yiwen usekkil - amesli ussid = sin n yisekkilen - ulac amesli iţarun s nnig sin n isekkilen

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ALAGAN KRAḌ : Tufayt. – Imesliyen ufayen ţawin tineqqiṭ s wadda D wi :

ḍ, ẓ – r, s, d, t ţawin tufayt : ṛ ṣ ṭ Amedya :

ḍ aḍu ṛ ṛrmel ṣ ṣsaba ṭ aṭarus ẓ aẓekka

– r yezga d ufay ma yedda d ɣ, x, q

aɣrum axrab aqrab – Imesla l, c, tikkwal ţawin tufayt : c,̣ maca d tisuraf, fiḥel ma

ddant-d di tira.

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Tamawt :

– ḥ ɣas iţawi tineqqiṭ s-wadda, mačči d ufay : d targalt i yiman-is.

– tufayt teţbeddil anamek :

azrem - aẓrem adar - aḍar

– tufayt tnetteḍ, (amesli ufay isenṭaḍ-iţ i yiǧiranen-is) :

aḍaṛ aẓṛu aṭaṛus. Yiwet n tneqqiṭ kan ara yeddun deg wawal ! Amedya : aḍar. ḍ kan i d ufay, tufayt-is ibubb-iţ r

– deffir ɣ, q, x, tufayt tezga ɣef r. Fiḥel ma tura. Amedya :

aɣrum, aɣrab, aqrab, aqrur, axrib

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ALAGAN UKKUZ : Aggaɣ = Azenzaɣ

Targalin-a : b, d, g, k, t, ɣur-sent 2 n wazalen mgarraden, ɣas mcabahen. Ţilint d taggaɣin neɣ d tizenzaɣin

Amedya : Asekkil azal aggaɣ azal azenzaɣ

b bibb baba d dadda idir g bges iger k ayefki akal t tulles tullas

Ihi :

– Amesli azenzaɣ d umesli aggaɣ, yiwet n tira-nsen. Amgirred deg wemsisli kan, mačči deg tira.

– Di Tmaziɣt, llant tutlayin tizenzaɣin (am Teqbaylit), llant tutlayin taggaɣin (am Tmaceɣt ) AGGAƔ = AZENZAƔ = YIWEN USEKKIL

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ALAGAN SEMMUS : Tiɣra. Di tmaziɣt llant 3 n tiɣra : a, i, u.

1_ ASEKKIL e : – mačči d tiɣri, d ilem, neɣ d tiɣri tilemt, neɣ cewwa. – isifsus asusru, iţruẓu targalin ma ggtent :

krznt kerzent asbcbc asbecbec

– ur iţili ara deg taggara n wawal :

aman amane Affar affare

– iţembiwil deg wawal :

amger (...ger) imegran (..meg.. ) amggerḍ amggreḍ

– yezga di tazzwara n wemyag yan-sekkil (n yiwen usekkil :

eg, ekk, ečč, err. 2 _ ISEKKILEN w d y :

mačči d tiɣra : d targalin, azgen-tiɣra. 3 _ Di Tmaziɣt, ulac tiɣra ɣezzifen. 4 _ Tanẓa :

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Ma mlalent snat n tiɣra, ţarwent-d azgen-tiɣri y : d tanẓa a + a : tilufa-a tilufa-ya a + i : yenna-i yenna-yi a + u : asefru-a asefru-ya i + a : ilemẓi-a ilemẓi-ya i + i : ibki-inna ibki-yinna

Tamawt : y n tenẓa, yif-it ma ikad-d di tira

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ALAGAN SḌIS : awal = anamek Awal yuran yezmer i yiman-is deg unamek. Taɣuri, anamek ad d-yezwir ɣer tiṭ. Yal aferdis ɣur-s anamek

(unité significative minimale). GM : 1 _ Awal iţuddum-d seg uẓar-is. Yal awal s uẓar-is. Awal yuran ma ikad-d d war aẓar, tira-s

diri-ţ ! 2 _ Tugeţ, Amserti, fiḥel ma ikad-d deg tira, iteffer anamek :

– deg wexxam > deg-gwexxam – am waman > am-maman – tefkiḍ-t > tefkiṭ – n tmurt > t-tmurt

Maca : tablaṭ, tamaṭ 3– Tira d tin irekden gar wemsisli d wesnisli! ALAGAN SA : Tameslayt > Agemmay D agemmay ara yeknun i yilugan n tmeslayt. Ama d

agemmay n Tfinaɣ, ama d win n Teɛrabt neɣ n Tlaṭinit : d agemmay ara ibibben ilugan n tmeslayt.

Amedya, di Tmaziɣt, ulac tiɣra ɣezzifen !

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SNAT N TMAWAYIN ƔEF YILUGAN N TIRA

1 – tanɣit :

– Ulac tanɣit deg tira, maca ilaq wektay fell-as – Tanɣit teţunefk s usekkil ibubb °, akka : asekkil +° Imesliyen anɣiyen d wi :

b g k ɣ q x Amedya :

b amb°iwel gg amegg°reḍ g ag°eẓ kk akk° k ak°er ɣ alɣ°em q aq°rab x ax°lenj

Tamawt : _ Anɣiyen g k ɣur-sen 2 n imesliyen : aggaɣ (agg°aḍ), akk d

uzenzaɣ (ag°erz, ak°er). _ Anɣiyen llan wid i ten-iţarun akken nniḍen, rennun-as w i

usekkil, akka : bw gw kw ɣw qw xw

w sdat usekkil, neɣ di twenza-s : bw, gw, atg.. _ Anɣiyen ur mmiɣen ara di Tmaziɣt merra : llant tutlayin deg ur

llin ara maḍi (am Bgayet ). Ɣas ulac anɣi, tugeţ anamek yiwen :

ak°er = aker agg°aḍ = aggaḍ

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Maca llant kra n tdersiwin : ak°bal # akbal asq°erqer # asqerqer sg°erg°er # sgerger k°rez # krez

2 –IWELLIHEN n useqqamu ɣef tira n Tmaziɣt (24-25/06/1996 n INALCO–Centre de Recherche Berbère–Paris).

Iwellihen-a, neḍfer-iten akk-it anagar awellih ɣef tergalt azgen-aggaɣ ţ : ţ --> tt, acku d tikwal ẓzay di tira, ulac deg-s tadamsa isekkilen.

– « ţ » neǧǧa-t akken i t-ţarun wid i ɣ-yezwaren. Imi ţ= 2 t, yezga d ussid : ţnadi, ţawi, ţazal. Imi yezga yessed, ulac 2 « ţ » : ur yderricen ara. Ihi : ţ=ţ, i teɣzi n tedlist.

Tanẓa, amaruz, amserti, uffay ur zgan ara, alamma anida ulamek, anida ibeddel unamek.

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AḌRIS :

INEBGI Imensi i s-d-wwiɣ, yečča-t armi ifukk, seksu yedhen s zzit,

nerna-yas-d iɣi. Mi ifukk učči, yeṭtef taqbuct nni n yiɣi, yeswa-ţ ; yuɣal yesfeḍ ačamar-is s ufus, daɣen acebbub-is, am wakken d aslaf ara yeslef i wemcic. Times deg ukanun la teâţirriq, la teţweccim iɣerban s tili-s, teţurar yes-sen, amzun ambiwel yefka-yasen tudert, neɣ maḍi ţwazedɣen : tarbaɛt n tewkilin tuli-ten, la gezzrent deg-sen, yeɣma weslaɣ dayenni, la ţurarent rennunt, ulac iɣimi.

Ɛ.M

Tulluzin

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ISEM

Amata : Isem d awal i d-yemmalen amdan, taɣawsa neɣ abhim. Isem ɣur-s 3 n tmeẓra :

_ tawsit : amalay, unti _ amḍan : asuf, asget _ addad : ilelli, amaruz

Tella tmeẓri nniḍen : irbiben n yisem

TAWSIT Tawsit ɣur-s sin wudmawen : amalay d wunti 1 _ AMALAY : Isem amalay tugeţ ibeddu s teɣri (a, i,u ama deg wasuf (yiwen)

ama deg wesget (sin neɣ ugar)

argaz imi udem accaren idmaren uccayen

2 _ UNTI : Isem unti tezga fell-as t sdat teɣri, ama deg wasuf ama deg

wesget.

tala timmi tuffra tanzarin tisekkrin tullas

t yeggran, tikkwal teţili

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tamurt tisegnit tuzzalt t yeggran, tikkwal teţkad-d d ţ neɣ ṭ

tureţ tasaruţ tibkiţ tiṭ tablaṭ tamaṭ

Tawawt ɣef tewsit :

1 _ Llan yismawen ur beddun ara s teɣri, beddun s tergalt :

fad laẓ seksu reffu ceffu cilmun zzuf

2 – Ismawen i d-yekkan si Taɛrabt neɣ si Tefransist : a – Ma mmuzɣen, alagan yiwen :

tibselt (am tiskert) tamdint (am taddart)

b – Ma ur mmuzɣen ara, qqimen s talɣa taneṣlit : – sdat isekkilen n wayyur, ţawin l – sdat isekkilen n yiṭij, semnennayen asekkil

amenzu. Akka :

– sdat isekkilen n wayyur : [b, f, ǧ, h, ḥ, m, ɣ, q, w, x, y, ɛ]

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b lbanka f lfidiyya ǧ lǧamaɛ h lhiba ḥ lḥif m lmizirya ɣ lɣerba q lqayed w lwali x lxayen y lyali ɛ lɛib

– sdat isekkilen n yiṭij :[c, d, ḍ, n, r, s, t, z]

c ccedda d ddel ḍ ḍdalem n nnuba r rriba s ssbeṛ t tthur z zzuf

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3 – Ismawen n timmarewt, talɣa i yiman-nsen :

yemma baba mmi yelli

atg. Maca : yemmat-neɣ babat-sen yelli-s atg.

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AMḌAN

Amḍan ɣur-s snat n tmeẓra : asuf d wesget

– asuf, ma yiwen neɣ yiwet kan – asget, ma sin neɣ snat, neɣ ugar Seg wasuf ɣer wesget ţbeddilent snat n tɣawsiwin :

1 _ tiɣri yezwaren 2 _ tafekka n yisem

1 _ Tiɣri yezwaren (amagrad) :

_ Asuf s u : tiɣri u tezga deg wesget :

ul ulawen uccen uccanen tuzyint tuzyinin tuɣmest tuɣmas

_ Asuf s i : ɣur-s snat n talɣiwin deg wesget : – tugeţ, i iţɣimi deg wesget :

izi izan tizi tizza ilef ilfan tiziţ tizatin

– tidersi, i iţuɣal d a : iccer accaren iinzert tanzarin

_ neɣ d tasureft, i iţuɣal d u : iḍ uḍan

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_ Asuf s a ɣur-s 3 n talɣiwin deg wesget. – tugeţ, a iţuɣal d i :

amɣar imɣaren tamɣart timɣarin ayamun iyamunen tasemunt tisemunin

– tikkwal, a iţɣimi d a : ayyaw ayyawen tayyawt tayyawin tadla tadliwin tama tamiwin

– tidersi, a iţuɣal d u : ass ussan taddart tudrin

2 _Tafekka n yisem : Ama deg umalay, ama deg wunti, tafekka tezmer ad beddel s 3 n tɣura :

a _ tahrayt (timerna n n aneggaru) b _ tamlellit ( asget s a ) c _ tuddsa s tehrayt d temlellit.

a _ Asget s tehrayt ( n aneggaru) : – talɣa s en / in : en deg umalay, in deg

wunti afellaḥ ifellaḥen tafellaḥt tifellaḥin amɣar imɣaren tamɣart timɣarin

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Tamawt : deg wunti, t aneggaru n wasuf iɣelli sdat in n wesget. – talɣa s awen / awin :

izem / izmawen tizemt / tizmawin udem / udmawen tudemt / tudmawin

– talɣa s iwen / iwin : ixef / axfiwen tixeft / taxfiwin iɣirdem / iɣirdemiwen tiɣirdemt / tiɣirdemiwin

Maca : – talɣa s an / atin :

aslem / iselman taslemt / tiselmatin ilef / ilfan tileft / tilfatin

b _ Asget s temlellit : (asget s a ) – Tiɣra i neɣ u yeggran neɣ sdat tergalt deg wasuf

ţuɣalent d a deg wesget : aẓru / iẓra taẓruţ / tiẓra aɣyul / iɣyal taɣyult / tiɣyal amcic / imcac tamcict / timcac

– Tezmer ad tili temlellit temnenni (double alternance) :

a...u/u...a : asaru / isura a...i/u...a : agazi / iguza a...a/u...a : asalas / isulas a...e/i...a : aɣaref / iɣuraf i...u/u...a : afilku / ifulka i...e/u...a : iziker / izukar

c _ Asget yeddsen : (tamlellit + tahrayt)

36

afus / ifassen deg-s tahrayt :.....en deg-s tamlellit : u/a (alternance vocalique)

Imedyaten nniḍen :

a / a : afrag ifergan i / a : azniq izenqan u / a : amzur imezran

Tamawt : – t yeggran deg wasuf unti, tɣelli deg wesget :

taqcict tiqcicin tizemt tizmawin

– Tikkwal asget, afeggag-is mačči d win n wasuf, maca d ur-ilugan :

aqcic arrac tameṭtut tilawin tafunast tistan

– Isem n tesmekta (n wannect) d urmeskil s wemḍan, ur iţawi ara asget, yezga s wasuf :

ad d-yaɣ ameṣmar yegget uzemmur

adlis i d-yeffɣen

Tugeţ, talɣa n wesget d ta : tawsit suf asget amalay a.... i....en unti ta... ti....in

37

ADDAD – Addad ɣur-s snat n talɣiwin :

ilelli d umaruz – Ma yezwar yisem-ameggay di twinest, iţili d ilelli. Ma yeggra

iţili d amaruz.

a – Ilelli : b – Amaruz : argaz yuder yuder wergaz tazeqqa tuli tuli tzeqqa irgazen nzan nzan yergazen asif yeqqur yeqqur wasif

tiwwura ldint ldint tewwura – Amaruz yezmer ad yili d aḥerfi neɣ d ussid.

1 _ Amaruz aḥerfi : a – Amalay : – Isem s a : a > w / u, w sdat teɣri, u sdat tergalt

akal yeffud yeffud wakal afellaḥ yekker yekker ufellaḥ aṭarus yesseḍ yesseḍ uṭarus

38

– Isem s u : u > wu

uzzal ẓzay ẓzay wuzzal ul yegzem yegzem wul

– Isem s i : i > y

ixxamen grurjen grurjen yexxamen izmawen negren negren yizmawen imi yemdel yemdel yimi

Tamawt : – i iţɣimi d i deg yismawen ɣezzifen (nnig 3 n tunṭiqin).

idurar ɣummen ɣummen idurar ibeckiḍen ggugmen ggugmen ibeckiḍen

39

b – Unti : – Isem s tu : tu iţɣimi akken

tuccent tuɣwas tuɣwas tuccent tullas ţrunt ţrunt tullas

– Isem s ta / ti : llant snat n talɣiwin

_ tiɣri tɣelli ( ta ⇒ te / t ) :

taxxamt meqqret meqqret texxamt tamurt teččur teččur tmurt tazemmurt tefsa tefsa tzemmurt

_ tiɣri teţɣimi :

taddart teččur teččur taddart tili tella tella tili taluft tefra tefra taluft

2 _ Amaruz ussid :

– Isem amalay yezmer ad yili umaruz-is yessed, ma d asemmad n yisem, neɣ n tenzeɣt, neɣ sdat imerna n tsmekta (cwiṭ, drus, kra, annect, atg.)

– Amaruz ussid fiḥel ma ikad-d deg tira. – Isem s u : iţawi ww

aṭtan n wul > aṭtan wwul taruẓi n wuffal > taruẓi wwuffal

– Isem s a : iţawi ww

40

imeṭti n wezger > imeṭti wwezger tama n wasif > tama wwasif

– Isem s i : iţawi yy / gg

tafat n yetri > tafat yyetri tayerza n yiger > tayerza yyiger

Tamawt : Ma d isem ɣezzifen (nnig 3 n tunṭiqin), amaruz-is yezmer ad d-yas

d aḥerfi : anẓad uqerru tamurt iderɣalen

Deg tira, yif-it ma tedda-d tenzeɣt n :

anẓad n uqerru tamurt n (y)iderɣalen)

41

3 _ ASEMRES n umaruz :

a _ Amgay deffir n wemyag :

yekkat wedfel yeswa wakal tcebbeḥ tmurt

b _ Asemmad n wemḍan : yiwen (n) wezger snat (n) tlawin

c _ Asemmad n tenzeɣt : yenna i teqcict nnig webrid deffir wedrar yeffeɣ si texxamt yeţwaṭtef am uɣerda yekker-d seg waṭtan afus n tsebbalt tala n umalu yefka-yas ddew-ufus yeɣli ɣef wudem

d _ Imeskanen n wemyag : (aya, ayenni, wa, win, wihin, widak, wigad,....)

yeshel waya diri-t wayenni

f _ Imerna n tesmekta neɣ n wakud : (albɛaḍ, yan, acemma,

ilindi, azekka, amek, anida, ansi, annect.) yella wamek yenna walbɛaḍ ma d-yuɣal yilindi

42

g _ Isem n twinest :

aţ-a tmurt ! at-a uḥeddad !

Tamawt : Amaruz yezmer ad ibeddel anamek :

bnan yexxamen # bnan ixammen yemmut yilindi # yemmut ilindi

Amaruz yezmer ad yawi ajerriḍ n beṭtu, maca mačči d imezgi :

ddew-ufus lmelḥ-ufus TAGGRAYT :

A F E L W I ɣef waddad n yisem

Tast Addd ilelli Amaruz aḥerfi

AMALAY

u ul wul a argaz wergaz

i ilef yilef

UNTI

ta tamɣart temɣart

ti titbirt tetbirt

43

IRBIBEN N YISEM – Talɣa-nsen d tin n yisem. – ţawin ilugan-is : Amedya :

ibidiyen imellalen d aberkan i d-yezwaren d awessur i d-tessager tberkant

A F E L W I ɣef yerbiben n yisem

Tawsit Amḍan Ilelli Amaruz

AMALAY

Asuf aberkan uberkan

Asget iberkanen (y)iberkanen

UNTI

Asuf taberkant tberkant

Asget tiberkanin tberkanin

44

Tamawt : 1 _ Irbiben n tɣara : lɛali / yir

– lɛali : d urmeskil, iţili d : – asemmad n tenzeɣt :

argaz n lɛali > argaz l-lɛali tameṭtut n lɛali> tameṭtut l-lɛali

– arbib n yisem : d lɛali aqcic d lɛali taqcict –arbib n wemqim : d lɛali-ţ d lɛali-ten

– yir : d urmeskil, ɣur-s snat n talɣiwin : yir / dir – yir, d arbib n yisem :

yir (a) rgaz yir tameṭtut

– dir : – sdat yisem ilelli :

dir tameɣra-ya – sdat wemqim :

dir-iţ tmeɣra-ya dir-ik

2 _ Izwiren bu /bu , at/ sut :

45

Izwiren-a, ad ilin d ilelliyen, acu zemren ad qqnen ɣer yisem

amaruz : bu yiles at yiles mm texxamin sut texxamin bu ubernus at yibrenyas mm yicalan sut yicalan at wexxam sut tɣaltin

Maca : sut taddart bu tamart

Tamawt : ajerriḍ n beṭtu ur d imezgi, yezmer ad yesfeḍ.

46

AḌRIS:

DI LUZIN Imeẓzuɣen-is ṭubbnen si zzhir n imuturen. Ugaren rrɛud.

Imeẓzuɣen d tawwent, imuturen d afḍis. Akka i teṭentun tessirt anda i d-yeẓzad timẓin d yirden asmi yella d amectuḥ.

Tissirt n Si-Meqqran n Taddart-Umalu. Tusa-d ɣef webrid (n) ukerrus. Dinna akk i llan medden ẓzaden, acku ulac tissirt nniḍen di lɛerc-nsen. Zik i d-teţenkar yemma-s ad as-tɛebbi i weɣyul. Taylewt sya tayeḍ syin. Tikkwal tayeḍ di tlemmast s-ufella n tbarda.

Ɛ.M. Iḍ d wass

ungal

47

AMYAG

Amata :

– Amyag d awal ifettin i-lmend n wudem d wakud : zemreɣ, tzemreḍ, yezmer, ad zemreɣ, ad tzemreḍ, ad yezmer

_ Fell-as i tbennu twinest. – Amyag yezga iţunefk s wudem wis-2 n wasuf :

zmer, azzel, ečč – Amyag yegzem ɣef sin waggayen :

1 _ amyag amagnu : zmer, ečč, afeg,...

2 _ amyag n tɣara : imẓi, iɣzif,...

AGGAYEN

1 _ Amyag amagnu :

– Amyag amagnu yemmal tigawt neɣ addad – Amyag amagnu ɣur-s 6 n talɣiwin : 3 fettint 3 ur fettint ara

a – 3 n talɣiwin ifettin : fettint s wakud :

anaḍ, urmir, izri. _ Anaḍ :

– D akud n usendeh – Mi ara s-tiniḍ i yiwen ad yesker kra, akud nni d anaḍ :

afeg, aweḍ, sew Anaḍ ɣur-s 3 n tmeẓra :

48

anaḍ aḥerfi : afeg suref anaḍ ussid : ţafeg suruf anaḍ ussid ibaw : ur ţafeg ur suruf...

_ Urmir :

– tigawt werɛad teḍra : afgeɣ, tesweḍ, yaweḍ,... – Urmir ɣur-s 3 tmeẓra :

urmir aḥerfi : tafgeḍ urmir ussid : teţafgeḍ urmir ibaw : ur......

Tamawt : ad + urmir > imal : ad + tafgeḍ (ad tafgeḍ) Deg yimal, tigawt ɣer sdat ara teḍru

– Izri : – tigawt dayen teḍra, tezri :

ufgeɣ, teswiḍ, yewweḍ... – Izri ɣur-s 3 n tmeẓra :

izri aḥerfi : tufgeḍ izri ussid : teţafgeḍ izri ibaw : ur...

Tamawt :

49

Ussid, d tigawt ɣef itessed win iţmeslayen, ɣur-s 2 waddaden : ilaw (+) :..... ibaw ( – ) : ur....

b – 3 n talɣiwin ur nfetti : – Amaɣun ilaw : yufgen – Amaɣun ibaw : ur nufig – Isem amyag : afug, ifeg

2 _ Amyag n tɣara :

– d amyag i d-iţakken taɣara n tɣawsa neɣ n wudem : fsus meẓzi merreɣ werraɣ zeddig ḥercaw

– ur iţawi ara azwar nniḍen, anagar ur n tibawt AFELWI ɣef wemyag n tɣara

50

– urmir-is, am win n wemyag amagnu.

ISMILEN

Udem Izri anaḍ

asuf

1 .....ɣ

2 .....ḍ 2......

3 amalay .....

3 unti .....t

asget

1 ......it

2 amalay ......it ……t

2 unti .....mt .....mt

3......... .....it

51

Ismilen n wemyag ddan ɣef snat n talɣiwin : 1 _ talɣa taḥerfit 2 _ talɣa tazellumt

1 _ Talɣa taḥerfit : Asmil ibedd ɣef tiɣra yellan deg ufeggag n wemyag

a _Talɣa s teɣri tilemt ( e ) : – amyag yan-sekkil :

ekk aẓar : k eg aẓar : g eww aẓar : w

– amyag sin-sekkil : ger aẓar : gr ffer aẓar : fr

– amyag kraḍ-sekkil : sker aẓar : skr ṣbeṛ aẓar : ṣbr bges aẓar : bgs

– amyag kuẓ-sekkil : qerdec aẓar : qrdc ferfed aẓar : frfd gurzen aẓar : grzn

b – Talɣa s teɣri yeččuren ( a, i, u ) : Tiɣri yeččuren ad tili :

– zwar-feggag :

52

azzel aẓar : zl aweḍ aẓar : wḍ

– daɣ-feggag : grireb aẓar : grb suḍ aẓar : sḍ cuf aẓar : cf

– ggray-feggag : bru aẓar : br glu aẓar : gl rwi aẓar : rw

– temnenni : izdig aẓar : zdg inig aẓar : ng irid aẓar : rd

Tamawt : Talɣa taḥerfit tezmer ad tili tessed :

ečč teţ krz kerrez ger ggar qerdec ţqerdic arez ţarez

2 – Talɣa tazellumt :

– D timerna n usekkil sdat wemyag i tseddi unamek. – Deg-s llant 3 n tmeẓra d tijegda :

53

a – Aswaɣ (factitive) b – Amyaɣ (réciproque) c – Aţwaɣ (passive) a _ Aswaɣ (talɣa s s ) :

sali siweḍ sbecbec skiccew sberdeɛ sluɣ sečč smed senger sniger seww ssew sferfer swaɣ

Tamawt : – Tikkwal, s n weswaɣ -⇒ z, deg umeslay :

sizdeg ⇒ zizdeg senz ⇒ zenz

Deg tira iţɣimi d s : sizdeg > zizdeg senz > zenz

b _ Amyaɣ (talɣa s m, my) :

myergam myussan mɣunfu myerwal mbiwel myufa mlaɣi myarez mgarrad

c _ Aţwaɣ (talɣa s t, ţ, ţu, ţw ) :

54

t thenni, ttekki ţ ţekki, ţebder ţu ţusemma, ţuciweṛ ţw ţwaɣ, ţwet

Llan yemyagen aţwaɣ-nsen s m neɣ s n : mečč mels nebra nefk

Tamawt : 1 _ Talɣiwin-a : a aswaɣ b amyaɣ c aţwaɣ, ţawint tuddsa gar-asent : _ a + b = aswaɣ n wemyaɣ : s + m + amyag : smerẓi smenɣ _ b + a = amyaɣ n weswaɣ : m + s + amyag :

msawi msečč mseɣli _ c + a = aţwaɣ n weswaɣ : ţ + s + amyag :

ţusečč ţuserbeḥ 2 _ Talɣiwin-a, llan yemyagen ur tent-nesdukkel ara : Amedya : amyag ṭtef, ur iţawi ara aswaɣ, ma yezwar-as s,

anamek ibeddel : suṭtef

55

ASEFTI – Imyagen akken ma llan, s yiwen n usefti, tasureft

d izri n yemyagen n tɣara. – Asefti, d timerna n yewṣilen i wemyag. – Asefti, d amyag ara yeftin ilmend n wakud : anaḍ, izri, urmir. Amedya : amyag ili 1 – ANAḌ : ANAḌ

udem aḥerfi ussid ibaw 2 mly sf …. ili ţili ur ţ...

2 mly sgt ….t ilit ţilit ur ţ...t 2 unt sgt ...mt ilimt ţilimt ur ţ...mt

56

2 _ URMIR

57

2 _ IẒRI Tamawat :

udem

aḥerfi

ussid

ibaw

asuf

Nek .....ɣ lliɣ ţiliɣ ur …

keč/kem t.....ḍ telliḍ teţiliḍ ur …

neţa y.... yella iţili ur …

neţat t... tella teţili ur …

asget

nekkni n… nella neţili ur …

kunwi t…m tellam teţilim ur …

kunnemti t…mt tellamt teţilimt ur …

– Imal d yezri ur mgarraden ara di tussda 3 – IMAL : – Deg yimal, tigawt, ɣer sdat, werɛad teḍra. – Imal d urmir tezwar-as tzelɣa ad neɣ ara (ar-a)

58

a – Tizelɣin n yimal :

– ad : ma amyag, d war-amasaɣ, tigawt ulac deg-s acukket (ulac ma).

ad yebru ad yeddu ad yuɣal tameddit ad yebru ticki ad yeddu azekka ad d-yuɣal

– ara : ma tigawt d tamassaɣt, tigawt ahat ad teḍru. Di talɣa-ya, d a

i d-iţaken imal, ar d tinzaɣt ( ar-ad). akal ara yekrez > (....ar-ad yekrez) akraren iwumi ara yebru > (...ar-ad yebru) d neţa ara t-yeččen > (...ar-ad t-yeččen) azekka ara d-yuɣal > (....ar-ad d-yuɣal)

b – Imal :

Amedya : amyag awi

59

udem

aḥerfi

ussid

asuf

Nek .....ɣ

ad awiɣ ad ţawiɣ

keč/kem t.....ḍ ad tawiḍ ad teţawiḍ

neţa y.....

ad yawi ad iţawi

neţat t... ad tawi ad teţawi

asget

nekkni n…

ad nawi ad neţawi

kunwi t…m ad tawim ad teţawim

kunnemti t.…mt ad tawimt

ad teţawimt

nutni …n

ad awin ad ţawin

nutenti …nt ad awint

ad ţawint

60

Tamawt :

1 _ Deg tira n yimal, ulac amserti : ad + t > at-t / aţ-ţ ad + n > an-n

2 – awṣil n wudem wis-3 asuf ɣur-s snat n tira :

y / i _ y : sdat 2 n tergalin neɣ targalt yessden :

yenna yekrez yeddem yesseww yebren

neɣ sdat tiɣri yeččuren : yas-d yufa yini yader

– i : sdat yiwet n tergalt : Ikad iɣawel isemma iṣub icar idewwer

61

Tiddest tamaẓlayt : asefti n yemyagen n tɣara Amedya : amyag ibrik

udem amyag yeftin

asuf

nek berrikeɣ

keč, kem berrikeḍ

netta Berrik

neţat berriket

asget

nekkni berrikit

kunwi berrikit

kunemti berrikemt

nutni, nutenti berrikit

62

S umata :

G M : Llan yemyagen yeftin deg tmeẓri d tagaluzt, am wa :

uggaɣ ! ( izri udem 1u asuf ? )

63

AMAƔUN

– Amaɣun ɣur-s snat n talɣiwin :

talɣa tilawt (+) talɣa tibawt ( –)

– Amaɣun yella d aḥerfi, yella d ussid – Amaɣun yella d urmir, yella d izri Amedya : imyagen awi, ečč 1 _ Amaɣun izri ilaw :

argaz yewwin tameṭtut yeččan

talɣa s umata : ye.....n 2 _ Amaɣun izri ibaw :

argaz ur newwi tameṭtut ur nečči

talɣa s umata : ur n..... 3 – Amaɣun urmir aḥerfi :

argaz ara yawin tameṭtut ara yeččen

talɣa s umata : y.....n 4 – Amaɣun urmir ussid :

argaz ara iţawin tameṭtut ara iteţen

talɣa s umata : y......n / i.....n

64

5 – Amaɣun urmir ussid ibaw :

argaz ur neţawi tameṭtut ur nteţ

talɣa s umata : ur n..... Tamawt : – Amaɣun d urmeskil : unti = amalay, asuf = asget

win yewwin tin yewwin wid yewwin win yeččan tin yeččan tid yeččan win iččan # win i ččan

65

ISEM AMYAG – D isem yebnan s uẓar n wemyag – Yezmer ad yeddukel d wemyag-is, akken ad yessed unamek :

temẓi meẓzi tebrek berriket tiddin yedda taguni igen učči yečča tannumi yennum

– Yezmer ad yili neţa d yemyagen nniden :

iţaɣ s berru yedder s kennu

Tamawt : – Tikkwal isem amyag ɣur-s talɣa nniḍen : tɣelli-yas tergalt

n uẓar-is ! bzeg abazug azzug

Deg tira, talɣa-a tis-snat fiḥel ma tkad-d : talɣa 1ut > talɣa 2t

abagus > aggus abazug > azzug

66

TIBAWT

Tizelɣa n tibawt : a _ ur : iţak tibawt i yiman-is : – Ma amyag ddan-d yid-s wawalen-a : acemma,

wara, yiwen, albɛaḍ, kra. ur d-yewwiḍ wara ur yewwiḍ yiwen ur d-yewwiḍ wacemma ur d-yewwiḍ walbɛaḍ

– Deg tenfalin am :

ur yelli, ur ţaggad – Ma tibawt d taqurant :

teggul ur terna wayeḍ teddun wa ur iţmeslay i wa

b _ ur.... ara : amyag gar tzelɣin ur d ara

ur yewwiḍ ara

c _ urɛad / mazal : weɛad yewwiḍ mazal yewwiḍ

d _ urǧin / leɛmer :

ur-ǧin yewwiḍ

67

e _ mačči / lamči :

sin n iseggasen d tikli, mačči yewweḍ ! kra yenna, mačči cfan-as !

f _ ur d : limer ur d neţat, ur isaweḍ

Tamawt : – llant tzelɣin nniḍen, maca ur mmiɣent ara :

deg umur n ara : ani, ec deg umur n ur : tḥa, wer

– tikkwal ur iţak-d ul, ma iţekki deg umernu : ulanda, ulansi, ulawumi, ulamek, atg.

68

AḌRIS:

TAMƔART Teddem ssella, tger deg-s tagelzimt, ɣas akka ur d-tzeddem

ara. Tagelzimt tlaq di lexla. Yiwen ur yeẓri acu ara s-d-tger teswiɛt.... Yelha win iţḥezziben, yelha win iţḥebbiren. Tesmundel

timess teǧǧa fell-as aseksut. Temdel tawwurt n wexxam, terna tin n wesqif. Ageffur tura iruḥ am wakken yesnexfet cwiṭ. Yedda d usigna metwal Taddart-Ufella....

Tura bdan teffɣen medden. At taddart am iyuzaḍ, zik i gganen, zik i ţakin. Win yɛeyan meskin ur t-id-isaḥ ara ad iɛiwez, akken ad yekker zik-zik, ad yaɛnu ccɣel-is. Teḍra d medden am winna yessegririben aẓru seg wedrar ɣer wayeḍ. Asteɛfu ulac. Rrbeḥ ulac. Tidi ur teqqim ara, ikufan ur ččuren ara.

Ɛ.M. iḍ d wass

ungal

69

AMQIM UDMAWAN

Amata : Ɣer wemqim, llan 3 n wudmawen : – deg wasuf :

nek keč / kem neţa / neţat.

– deg wesget : nekkni / nkkenti kunwi / kunnemti nutni / nutenti

– Amqim udmawan iţili : d ilelli neɣ yeqqen (d awṣil) Ma yeqqen ɣer tenzeɣt : d awṣil n tenzeɣt

deffir-s ddaw-i

Ma yeqqen ɣer yisem : d awṣil n yisem taddart-iw idammen-ines

Ma yeqqen ɣer wemyag, d awṣil n wemyag (d asemmad) : – d asemmad usrid :

walaɣ-t – d asemmad urusrid :

yenna-yi – Amqim udmawan d aferdis iţarun i yiman-is. Maca yif-it

ma iţawi ajerriḍ.

70

1 – AMQIM UDMAWAN ILELLI :

71

Tamawt : – Amqim udmawan ilelli iţaru s yiwet n tmeẓri kan :

am nek am keč i nek i keč d neţa sɣur neţat

2 – AWṢIL N TENZEƔT : – Amqim udmawan ma yeqqen ɣer tenzeɣt, iţusemma d

asemmad, neɣ d awṣil n tenzeɣt. – D awezzlan akk deg yemqimen – Tinzaɣ iţawin awṣil, d ti :

deg seg ɣur ɣer yid yis sdat deffir nnig ddaw fell.

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Iwṣilen n tenzaɣ : Amedya :

fell-i ɣur-i yes-i deg-i fell-ak ɣur-k yes–k deg-k fell-am ɣur-m yes-m deg-m fell-as ɣur-s yes-s deg-s fell-aneɣ ɣur-neɣ yes-neɣ deg-neɣ fell-awen ɣur-wen yes-wen deg-wen fell-awent ɣur-went yes-went deg-went fell-asen ɣur-wen yes-wen deg-wen fell-asent ɣur-sent yes-sent deg-sent

Tamawt : – Udem 1u n wesget ɣur-s talɣa nniḍen :

-aneɣ -atneɣ fell-aneɣ ddaw-atneɣ

– Udem wis-2 n wesget unti ɣur-s daɣen talɣa nniḍen : -kent fell-akent ɣur-kent

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3 – AWṢIL N YISEM : – Amqim ma yeqqen ɣer yisem iţusemma d awṣil n yisem,

neɣ d asemmad n yisem. – Awṣil n yisem, d neţa i d-iţaken tikti n wayla : d amatar

n wayla Udmawen : -iw / -inu / -w :

ul-iw (-inu) tasa-w (-inu) -ik / -inek /-k :

ul-ik (-inek) tasa-k (-inek) -im / -inem / -m :

ul-im (-inem) tasa-m (-inem) -is / -ines / -s :

ul-is (-ines) tasa-s (-ines) -(n)neɣ :

ul-nneɣ tasa-nneɣ -(n)nteɣ :

ul-nteɣ tasa-nteɣ -(n)nwen :

ul-nwen tasa-nwen -(n)nkent :

ul-nkent tasa-nkent -(n)nsen :

ul-nsen tasa-nsen -(n)nsent : ul-nsent tasa-nsent

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Tamawt : – Deg wasuf, awṣil n yisem ɣur-s 3 n talɣiwin :

-w / -iw / -inu -k / -ik / -inek -m / -im / -inem -s / -is / -ines – Awṣil n yisem tezga yid-s ujerriḍ, anagar ma yella kra gar

yisem d wewṣil-is : axxam-inna, ines wi t-ilan ? ines

4– IWṢILEN N TIMMAREWT, deg wesget, ţawin t gar yisem

d wemqim : gma-t-neɣ / gmatneɣ gma-t-wen / gmatwen gma-t-kent / gmatkent gma-t-sen / gmatsen gma-t-sent / gmatsent

– Ismawen n timmarewt, ţawin ajerriḍ :

baba-s yemma-s yelli-t-neɣ jedd-nsen

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5 – AWṢIL N WEMYAG : – Amqim udmawan ma yeqqen ɣer wemyag, iţusemma d awṣil

n wemyag. Iţili d asemmad usrid neɣ d asemmad urusrid

a – Asemmad urusrid : tiririt i tuţra iwumi ? Udmawen Imedyaten -iyi -yi yini-yi yenna-yi -ak -yak yin(i)-(y)ak yenna-yak -am -yam yini-yam yenna-yam -as -yas yini-yas yenna-yas -aɣ -yaɣ yini-yaɣ yenna-yaɣ -awen -yawen yini-yawen yenna-awen -akent -yakent yini-yakent yenna-akent -asen -yasen yini-yasen yenna-yasen -asent -yasent yini-yasent yenna-yasent Tamawt : – Yal udem ɣur-s, snat talɣiwin : – Talɣa tamenzut :

-iyi, -ak, -am, -as, -awen, -akent, -asen, -asent

sdat amyag iseggran targelt : twet-iyi ikad-ak ibzeg-as iṣber-awen

– Talɣa tis-snat :

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-yi, -yak, -yam, -yas, -yaɣ, -yawen, -yakent, -yasen, -yasent

sdat amyag iseggran tiɣri : yenna-yi yesla-yak yeɣra-yas yecna-yawen

– Deg wudem 1u n wesget, tella talɣa nniḍen : -yaneɣ yini-yaneɣ yenna-yaneɣ yefka-yaneɣ yecna-yaneɣ

– Tikkwal, deg wudem 1u n wasuf iɣelli y : wwten-i ččan-i

b – Asemmad usrid : tiririt i tuţra anwa ? Udmawen Imedyaten -iyi -yi yugar-iyi yufa-yi -ik -k yugar-ik yufa-k -ikem -kem yugar-ikem yufa-kem -it -t yugar-it yufa-t -iţ -iţ yugar-iţ yufa-ţ -aɣ -yaɣ yugar-aɣ yufa-yaɣ -iken -ken yugar-iken yufa-ken -ikent -kent yugar-ikent yufa-kent -iten -ten yugar-iten yufa-ten -itent -tent yugar-itent yufa-tent

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Tamawt : – i amenzu n yemqimen-a iţili kan ma yusa-d

deffir talqaft, iɣelli sdat wemyag yeftin, neɣ asemmad urusrid : tefkiḍ-t kksen-as-ţ yewwi-yas-tent ugaren-ten

– Awṣil asemmad usrid iţili deg kra n tenfalyin ɣas ulac deg-sent amyag :

ansi-k ? sani-kent akk-a ? d acu-ţ ? ulac-it ccwi-kem ? dir-it

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A FE L W I ɣef wemqim udmawan

Ilelli Awsil n…

Yisem

tenzeɣt

amyag

usrid arusrid

asuf

nek, nekkini

-w/iw/inu -i -yi/iyi -yi

keč, keččini

-k/ik/inek -ik -k/ik -ak

kem, kemmini

-m/ im/inem

-m -kem/ikem -am

neţa -s/is/ines -s -it -as neţat -s/is/ines -s -iţ -as

asget

nekkni -nneɣ aɣ/aneɣ -neɣ aɣ/aneɣ

kunwi -nwen -wen -ken/iken -awen

kunemti -nwent -went -ent/ikent -awent nutni -nwen -sen -ten/iten -asen

nutenti -nwent -sent -tent/itent -asent

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AḌRIS:

IMEKSAWEN – D keč akk i-ţ-ixedmen. Yusef yelha kan d yiman-is. – A nek ara yemmezlen ! Timezliwt ! Yes-s i ţfafan yemdanen. Ad t-zluɣ deffir

wemggerḍ. Ad t-zluɣ s yiccer ! Mačči d izli i yemmezlen ! Zik zellun arrac di lɛid, armi d yiwen wass, yiwen qqaren-as Smaɛil nniqal yezla-t baba-s, yiwen ugeɛmir akken qqaren-as Yebrahim. Ta, d taqsiṭ i sen-d-tessawal seţi-s asmi tella di leɛqel-is, yecfa-yas Muḥend-Ameẓyan.

Ɛ.M. Iḍ d wass

ungal

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IMḌANEN

Amata : – Imḍanen bdan ɣef 3 n iremmuɛen : 1 – amḍan n wektili 2 – amḍan n wesmizwer 3 – amḍan n beṭtu, neɣ taẓunt – Amḍan d ameskil, s tewsit : 1 – talɣa n umalay 2 – talɣa n wunti iţawi tawsit n yisem i t-yeṭtafaren – Deg TeQbaylit, imḍanen cwiṭ negren, anagar sin

i d-yeggran : yiwen, sin wiyaḍ akk d wid n Taɛrabt.

– Deg temsirt-a si Tmaceɣt ara d-neddem.

1 – IMḌANEN N WEKTILI : Imḍanen n wektili

AMḌAN AMALAY UNTI

1 Iyen Iyet 2 Sin snatet 3 Kerad Keradet 4 ukkuẓ ukkuẓet 5 Semmu emust 6 seḍis seḍiset 7 Ssa Ssahet Tam ttamet

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9 teẓza teẓzatet 10 Meraw merawet 11 mraw d iyen mraw d iyet 20 snatet n tmerwin 100 timeḍ (asget : timaḍ) 111 timeḍ d meraw d iyen 200 snatet n timaḍ 1000 aǧim (asget : igimen)

11000 meraw-ǧimen d ien

20000 snatet-tmerwin n aǧim

100000 timeḍ n aǧim

Tamawt : – Asemmad n yisem yezga d amaruz, deffir n wezwil ameqran

gar-asen : snatet n tmerwin ibaraden d ssin (22 n warrac) aǧim n tezzyin d snatet n timaḍ (1200 n tezdayin) snatet-ttmerwin n tisita d snatet n timaḍ (20200 n tsita)

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2 – IMḌANEN N WESMIZWER :

AMḌAN A S U F A S G ET TaQb. 1u amezwaru/amenzu imezwura/imenza

TaMac Yezzaren wi-zzarnin

TaQb. 1ut tamezwarut/tamenzut timezwura/timenza

TaMac ta-tezzaret ti-zzarnin Imḍanen nniḍen ţarun akka : TaQb : wi s... / ti s... TaMac : wa n..../ wi n...., ta n.../ tin... aneggaru/taneggarut, s Tmac. : wa ihreyen / ta... Tamawt : Llan kra n tenfalyin i d-iţakken aswizwer : Aqell : argaz-a d aqell ! lemliḥ : d neţat i d lemliḥ !

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3 – TAẒUNT :

Tamawt :

– Beṭtu iţunefk s wallus n wawal : bḍan-ten yiwen yiwen nzan axxam axxam

TaQb. TaMac.

1/2 azgen aɣil/ddis

1/3 ţelt tafult n keradet

1/4 ṛrbaɛ tafult n ukkuẓet

1/5 tis 5 tafult n 5

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AḌRIS:

AZGEN N WERGAZ D azgen n wergaz i tuɣeḍ. Ur as-teqqareḍ ara d baba-s i t-

id-yeǧǧan. Neţa 3 n iɣallen deg tehri, ma d teɣzi fiḥel ma nenna-d. Yemma-s daɣen ur txus ara. Aṭas i turew, asider tessader-iten akken ma llan, neɣ ahat yemmut-as yiwen neɣ sin : d asfel i d-yefdan wiyaḍ. At Mraw axxam axxam, d neţat i ţawin d lemtel. Ma d kem, a yelli d aneggaru seg-sen i kem-id-iṣaḥen. Nniɣ-am yes-s i d-ţaran tiṭ imawlan-is!

Ɛ.M. Tullizin

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AMESKAN

Amata :

– Imeskanen ggten di Tmaziɣt, tikkwal ţbeddilen timeẓra. – Yes-sen i d-skanen medden kra, neɣ ţseddin anamek. – Ameskan iţaru i iman-is, maca tugeţ iţawi ajerriḍ.

Yezmer ad yili d ilelli, ulac yid-s ajerriḍ : 1 _ ma yeqqen ɣer wawal s ujerriḍ, d awṣil-is 2 _ ma d ilelli, d amqim 1 _ AMESKAN AWṢIL :

D win yeqqnen ɣer wawal nniḍen s ujerriḍ : a _ Ameskan n yisem :

– ma yeqqen ɣer yisem – d urmeskil

– ɣur-s 3 n talɣiwin :

_ talɣa 1ut, taɣawsa tuẓa-d : -a, -agi/-ayi

_ talɣa 2t, taɣawsa akk-in maca ɣef tiṭ : -inna, -ihin, -ihenna

_ talɣa 3t, taɣawsa agemmaḍ i tiṭ : nni

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Amedya :

tameṭtut-a argaz-a tiḥdayin-a imdanen-a taddart-inna asif-inna tizemrin-inna idurar-inna taluft nni izmawen nni

Tamawt : 1 _ Ma yeqqen ɣer yisem iseggran tiɣri yeččuren, ameskan

iţawi y, d tanẓa :

talaba-ya isni-ya tala-ya tasga-yinna talafsa-yinna ibki-yinna ajgu-yinna asefru-ya

Maca, ma ulac tanẓa :

taffa nni ulli nni atemmu nni asefru nni

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2 _ Deg talɣa 1ut (-a, -agi/-ayi), tira tawezzlant tif taɣezzfant, deg tira :

tameṭtut-a > tameṭtut-agi/-ayi abrid-a > abrid-agi/-ayi

b _ Ameskan n umernu :

– Tikkwal ameskan irennu ɣef umernu, i tseddi-ines. da akk-a (akka) d-inna (dinna) s-yinna (syinna) azekka nni imir nni annect-n akk-n (akken)

– Llan yewṣilen umeskan d igaluzen di kra n wawalen :

gemmaḍ-in gemmaḍ-a akk-in wakka-d

c – Ameskan n wudem (udmawan) : – Yeskan amdan (neɣ taɣawsa), anida yella, neɣ anida

iteddu. – Ameskan-a, ɣur-s 4 talɣiwin, akken yella, neɣ anida

iteddu wudem.

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– talɣa 1ut, ɣef tiṭ, ulac ambiwel : asuf

1 aql-i

2 aql-ak aql-akem

3 ata / ata-n aţa / aţa-n

asget

1 aql-aɣ

2 aql-aken aql-akent

3 mly aten-an / aten-ad

3 unti atent-an / atent-ad

– talɣa 2t, agemmaḍ :

hat-a hayt-it haţa hayţ-iţ hayt-iten hayt-itent

– talɣa3t, agemmaḍ, tikli ɣer win iţmeslayen :

ata-ya aţa-ya aten-aya atent-aya

– talɣa 4t, agemmaḍ, tikli ɣer iwumi ţmeslayen :

aqli-yin ata-yen aţa-yen

aqlaɣ-n aten-ayen atent-ayen

Deg tenfalyin-a tedda-d tzelɣa n tnila n

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Amedya :

at-a yusa-d yesli ata-ya yusa-d – anida llant tɣenǧawin ? – Atent-ad! hayt-iten deg wedrar aten-ayen ad nsen

Tamawt : – Tikkwal isem deg umur n wemqim :

ata-n webrid at-a usaru !

hayt-it wanida nteddu – Llant talɣiwin nniḍen am :

aten-ah, aten-ih, atent-ih, atent-id, hat-itent, atg.

2 _ AMESKAN ILELLI :

– Ameskan ilelli d win ur neqqin ara ɣer wawal nniḍen, iţusemma d amqim. – Yezmer ad yili d ameskil, iţbeddil udem s tewsit (unti /

amalay), neɣ s wemḍan (yiwen / nnig ) – Yezmer ad yili d urmeskil, ma yiwen wudem kan i

iţawi. a _ D ameskil : 3 talɣiwin – talɣa 1ut, taɣawsa tuza-d :

wa wagi / wayi ta tagi / tayi wi wigi / wiyi

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ti tigi / tiyi

– talɣa 2t, taɣawsa akk-in maca ɣef tiṭ : wahi wahinna tahi tahinna wihiden wahidak tihiden tihida

–talɣa 3t, taɣawsa agemmaḍ-in : win winna tin tinna wid widen widak tid tiden tidak

Tamawt : – wigad, iggad ɣas d ilelliyen yezga yedda yid-sen wawal

nniḍen, ama d ameskan wis-2, neɣ d imsenned-umeskan, neɣ d amyag : am-wigad iţrun wigad nni nessen wigad yemmuten

– Amqim ameskan ameskil iteddu yid-s umatar n wayla, d

awṣil-is : widak-iw tid-is win-nwen tid-nsent

b – D urmeskil : Iţawi kan yiwen wudem – win : – Tugeţ, d isem di twinest, amyag-is d amaɣun :

win izemren yawi-ţ win yebɣan yaɣ -iţ win yessnen kra yelha

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win tufiḍ awi-t-id

– Tikkwal, iɣelli-yas i sdat tzelɣa n tibawt (ara, ur, maca

aɣelluy-a fiḥel ma yedda-d di tira : win > w ulac win ur necfi > ulac w'ur necfi

– i : – i neţa d ay yiwen wazal

d ayen yelhan i ssarameɣ i tecbeḥ teqcict-a

– sdat y neɣ i, ameskan i iţuɣal i-g, maca fiḥel ma ikad-d di tira :

d ayen yelhan i yessaram > d ayen yelhan i-gessaram acu (i ) yenna ! > acu i-genna !

– ayen :

d ayen n diri ayen yezwaren awi-d ayen i k-yehwan cfu i wayen i d-tenniḍ dayen ifuḥ !

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– aya :

d aya i m-nniɣ yenna aya yerna aya aṭas-aya ur d-yuɣal aseggas-aya seg wasmi yemmut yella waya yella waya!

– acu : mliɣ-as akk acu ssneɣ yemla-yi acu i s-iruḥen

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3 – AMESKAN IMSENNED : – d azrar n wawalen, (2 neɣ ugar isennden ɣer umeskan – iţili d amqim neɣ d isem – anamek d urbadu – winnat

– d ameskil s tewsit, ɣur-s unti : tal – iţsennid ɣer yisem neɣ ɣer wemḍan yiwen yal argaz tal tameṭtut yal yiwen

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AḌRIS :

IYENNATEN Aql-aɣ deg yir taswiɛt, yerna ulac win iwumi ara nru :

imdanen-a i ɣ-d-yezzin mačči am widak n zik nni. Aţa-n tekker gar-asen, a win izemren yawi-ţ, mačči s wawal i ţ-ferrun, s udebbuz ! Yak yes-s kan i ţmeslayen. Limer yella kra meqqren meqqar yecbeḥ, ayen ɣef ideg ţnaɣen yergazen. Iyennaten-a, nniɣ-ak mačči d imdanen akked ara tedduḍ amecwar.

Twalaḍ azegza-yinna ? Nek ad t-zegreɣ, Ata-n webrid ara awiɣ. Ulac wayeḍ ! I yi-iɣaḍen msakit, d wigad iruḥen am temẓin nni yečča weɣyul.

Ɛ.M. Tullizin

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AMAŢAR

Amata :

– Yes-s i teţren medden taɣawsa. Tezga yid-s tneqqiṭ n tuţra : ?

– Yezmer ad yili d ilelli, yezmer ad yeqqen ɣer wemyag, neɣ ɣer tenzeɣt, ɣer wemqim. Iţili-yasen d arbib.

1 _ ANWA : D ameskil, iţbeddil s tewsit, d wemḍan :

anwa, anta, anwi, anti anwa i yudren ? anta ur nečči ? iḍelli i d-tewweḍ.– Anta ? anwa-wi d-yusan ? anwi-ten yergazen-inna ? anti-tent tzeɣwa-yinna ?

2 _ WI : _ D urmeskil _ Tugeţ d awzil n anwa, iţas-as-d d agdisem a _ D ilelli :

Wi i t-yerẓan ? b _ D uqqin ɣer wemyag :

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wi iwalan ? wi ara yeddun ? wi d-tezriḍ ? wi yennan ?

c _ D uqqin ɣer tenzeɣt : wi-ɣef, wi-yes, wi-deg, wi d

wi-ɣef tgemmneḍ ? wi d keč teddiḍ ?

Tamawt :

_ wi ma yedda d tenzeɣt, tezmer ad tnetteḍ ɣur-s : wiɣef wiyes wideg

_ sdat tiɣri u, iɣelli-yas i :

wi-ukud ⇒ wukud (akked) wi-uɣur ⇒ wuɣur

_ Tikkwal iţili gar snat n tinzaɣ, wi iţuɣal d way : deg-wi-deg ⇒ deg-way-deg ɣef- wi-deg ⇒ ɣef-way-deg s-wi-yes --> s-way-s

_ w ɣur-s asemmad ursrid : iwumi i-wimi

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3 _ AC : _ D urmeskil _ D ilelli neɣ d uqqin a _ D ilelli : acu ?

acu tenniḍ ? acu i d-yewwi ? acu n webrid ara nawi ?

b _ D uqqin ɣer tenzeɣt : – Ma tezwar-it tenzeɣt, acu iţawi w n umaruz : acu ⇒ wacu

s-wacu ? ɣef-wacu ? deg-wacu ?

– Ma yezwar tanzeɣt, ţakken-d amernu : acu + ɣef-⇒ acu-ɣef ? acu + ɣer-⇒ acu-ɣer ?

4 _ AMEK : _ D urmeskil – D ilelli neɣ d uqqin – Azal-is d amernu n tɣara

amek tellam ? amek tella temɣart ? yella wamek ?

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5 – MELMI : _ D urmeskil _ D ilelli – azal-is d win n wakud

melmi i wen-d-yugem ? ar melmi ara d-tuɣaleḍ ? si melmi ur d-yuɣal ?

6 _ MA : – D ilelli – azal-is d win n wewtil

ma yedder neɣ yemmut ? wiss ma ad d-yuɣal ?

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AḌRIS :

YENFA IMAN-IS Wiss meqqar ma yella wi t-yeẓran agemmaḍ-in ? Neɣ ahat

seg wid tessegḍi tatut ? Ma yedder neɣ yemmut ? S wacu ara d-tendef tasa-s akken ad aɣ-d-yemmekti ? Amek armi yenfa iman-is s ufus-is, ur d-tkad temda i t-yeččan ? iwumi tudert am ta, i-mi aql-aɣ nezga fell-as d anadi ? Melmi ara d-ters fell-as talwit, tasa aţa-n d taderwict ?

Ɛ.M. Tullizin

101

TIZELƔA Amata : _Tizelɣa tijegda, d ti :

_ tazelɣa n tilawt _ tazeɣla n yimir _ tizelɣa n tnila _ tizelɣa n teɣri (alaɣi)

_ D–tiwezzlanin deg tira (asekkil 1 ar 2) _ Zgant d tilelliyin, neɣ ţawint ajerriḍ _ Ɣas tikkwal yiwet n tira, anamek yemgarrad _ D turmeskilin 1 – TAZELƔA N TILAWT : – Yes-s i teţili tɣawsa – D tazenzaɣt – Ɣur-s snat n talɣiwin :

d ilelli d n tɣara

_ Awal yeddan yid-s ama d isem neɣ d amqim neɣ d arbib yezga d ilelli (ulac yid-s amaruz )

a – d ilelli :

d asemmiḍ d aḍu d ilem d neţat

b – d n tɣara : argaz-a d tiɣmert aqcic nni d izem

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ziɣ d argaz ! ata-n d ulac

Tamawt : – d n tilawt d tzelɣiwin nniḍen d mgarraden :

– tanzeɣt d teţawi yid-s amaruz : axxam d atemmu # axxam d utemmu argaz d izem # argaz d yizem

– d n tnila yezga d aggaɣ, iţawi ajerriḍ : yusa-d yeffi-d

2 _ TAZELƔA N YIMIR : _ Tazelɣa n yimir la tzeggir i wurmir yessden, teţarra tigawt

imir-a : la yeggan la tesddewnin la icerrew la tselleɣ

_ Teţawi tizelɣa nniḍen d yemqimen sdat wemyag :

la d-iţawi la n-iteddu la m-yeqqar la t-ikerrez la ţ-tcerrew la s-tessawal

Tamawt : _ la n yimir yezmer ad yawi ajerriḍ _ tikkwal tezmer ad tennufek d ra

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3 _ TAZELƔA N TNILA : _ Llant snat : d / id

n / in _ Ţakent tanila n tigawt _ Ţawint ajerriḍ

a – Tazelɣa d / id : _ Tigawt ɣer win iţmeslayen (neɣ win i-ɣef neţmeslay ma

nuɣ amḍiq-is) _ d n tnila yezga d aggaɣ _ Izeggir neɣ yeṭtafar amyag

yenfa-d si taddart isuli-d aserwet awi-d aɣrum awi-t-id mi d-yusa ur d-yuɣal

Tamawt : _ Ɣef usemmad usrid, d n tnila iţuɣal d id :

yewwi-ten-id _ Ma amyag ifukk s tergelt, d yezmer ad yawi e, ad

yuɣal d ed : ifukk-d ⇒ ifukk-ed yewweḍ-d ⇒ yewweḍ-ed turew-d ⇒ turew-ed

_ Tazelɣa n tnila d temgarrad d d n tilawt d tenzeɣt d :

Teţeffi-d aman seg wanu d isemmaḍen.

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Neţat d wemɣar-is i ten-id salayen.

_ Yella wanida tazelɣa d teţbeddil anamek, neɣ teţseddi-t :

arew arew-d eǧǧ eǧǧ-d sis sis-d kkes kkes-d

b _ Tazelɣa n / in : – Tigawt ɣer win iwumi ţmeslayen – n n tnila izeggir i wemyag neɣ yeṭtafar-it :

yewwi-n yid-s aydi tura keč awaeḍ-n awi-yi-t-in ali-n ɣer wexxam ur n-yuɣ kra ur awen in-yeɣra

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Tamawt : _ Mi ara yernu ɣef usemmad (usrid, neɣ urasrid), n n tnila

iţuɣal d in : awi-tent-in yeqqar-ak-in

– Tazelɣa n tnila n temgarrad d tenzeɣt n : Yusa-n si tmurt-nneɣ, taylewt n tazart ɣef tuyat-is. Yewwi-n yid-s taɛekkazt n tasaft, tayuga n warkasen

– Tazelɣa n tnila n temgarrad d n umaɣun : n umaɣun yenteḍ ɣer wemyag

yewweḍ-n # yewwḍen yečča-n # yeččan

– Llan iferdisen nniḍen i d-iţaken tanila : s, ɣer/ɣur, seg/si. Tazrawt-nsent deg tinzaɣ 4 _ TIZELƔA N TEƔRI : – Yes-sent i ggaren medden tiɣri i wiyiḍ, ɣɣaren. – Zgan yid-sent ujerriḍ-usemlili d tneqqiṭ n ubati : ! _ a / ay (sdat tiɣri) :

a tameṭtut ! ay argaz ! ay ul ! a tawaɣit !

_ wa : (tazelɣa-ya, tugeţ, d irgazen i ţ-yessawalen) : wa Sli ! wa Faṭi !

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AḌRIS:

ATEMMU Axxam nni d atemmu, ad as-tiniḍ imir kan ad d-yerruri. D

snat n tjegda i t-yeṭtfen, wamma yeɣli-d dayenni. Yuɣ tiɣmert agemmaḍ-in i taddart, metwal tiẓgi : d tillas kan i yedduri.

Tamɣart d takemmict maḍi, agens-is tezga d asddewnen : d anebdu neɣ d tagrest, d azal neɣ d tillas, la d-teţawi ɣef lexwan widak iruḥen. D acirrew i la yeţcirriw wemsebrid i d-yekkan syin.

Tamɣart d wemɣar-is si taddart i ten-id-nfan, wicfan-aya. Wissen ma d abrid i gǧan neɣ d ayen yuran !

Sin n iberdan deg wass, tamɣart nni tazeqqurt teţeffi-d aman seg wanu, d isemmaḍen. Neţat d wemɣar-is i ten-id-ssalayen. Ahat ad tfakk deɛwessu yuɣen. Widak yedɛan ad ţun, ma d wi ad n-uɣalen gar-awen.

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TINZAƔ

Amata : _ D aferdis urmeskil _ Iţili gar sin n wawalen iţarra assaɣ gar-asen _ Llant tenzaɣ iţawin amaruz, llant tid iţawin ilelli _ Tugeţ d amaruz i ţawint _ Llant tenzaɣ ţawint talɣa n yisem, d ameggay neɣ d asemmad

di twinest _ Llant tid iţawin amqim udmawan. _ Deg tira, fiḥel amserti : tinzaɣ ad d-ifrirent 1 _ TINZAƔ N UMARUZ : Tikkwal, yelha-yasent ujerriḍ-usemlili _ n :

abrid n tmurt axxam n baba

_ s : tagella s nedder argaz s tella s yir awal i d-yessawel

_ ɣer / ɣur/ ar : ɣer wanida iteddu yekcem ɣer tkanna

_ ɣef : ɣef tegmert i d-yusa ɣef wudem-ik !

_ deg / di : aman deg wanu

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yenda di tfeqlujt

_ seg/ si : seg yilef i d-yuɣ aẓar yuɣal-d si teɣzut

_ ger = gar : gar yiccer d weksum gar wallen

_ am : zeddig am waman am uzal am yid

_ sdat (zdat), deffir, nnig, ddaw : sdat yimi deffir tzeqqa nnig wul ddaw tzemmurt

_ d : amɣar d yelli-s ttimest d waman

2 _ TINZAƔ N YILELLI : _ s :

yeɣli s asif yekcem s asqif

_ ar : eddu ar tiɣilt-inna qim ar azekka

_ send : send-iḍelli

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_ seld : seld-azekka

Tamawt : _ Llant tinzaɣ nniḍen selkament ilelli :

qell, xir, atg. 3 _ TINZAƔ TALƔA N YISEM : _ s-ufella :

s-ufella n wedrar s-ufella-ines

_ tama : tama n taddart

_ annect : tameṭtut-a annect ukufi

_ drus : drus n tamment

_ aṭas : aṭas n tikli

_ kra : kra n testan

4 _ TINZAƔ IŢAWIN AMQIM : _ d :

yedda yid-sen yečča d-id-i

_ fell : fell-i fell-ak

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yedda-ţ fell-asen

_ ɣer/ ɣur : yensa ɣer-neɣ ɣer-wen ara d-yeggri

_ gar : iffer gar-asen aql-aɣ gar-awen gar-as d bab-is gar-aneɣ kan !

_ yis : yefreḥ yes-wen yemger yes-s

Tamawt : _ Tanzeɣt ɣef teţawi amqim udmawan di tmeslayt n zik, maca d

agaluz : ɣef-k

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AḌRIS :

TISLIT D YESLI Deffir tzeqqa, ddaw tzemmurt uɣur tsenned, i qqimen teslit

d yesli. La ţnaɣen. Neţa ata-n ansi i k-yehwa ad as-d-tesleḍ, neţat tebra i wallen ɣer wakal, amzun teggugem yennejla seg-s umeslay.

Winna la Iţuɣu, d tideţ yerfa. Gar-i d bab-iw, ad as-tiniḍ seg yilef i d-yuɣ aẓar : yekcem s asqif yuɣal-d, iţawi iţarra aɛni d iɣirdem i t-yeqqsen. Neţat tesusem ikad weɣbel di twenza-s. Imeslayen i s-d-yeqqar keččmen-as gar yiɣes d tasa akken tkeččem tenẓeţ gar yiccer d weksum, tesna-t akk aglim iɣes.

Ziɣ d ameslub-a i d argaz s-s ara tili. Ɣef wemdan am wa i teṣber aṭas aya. Neţa yeqqar-as kan : – Axxam n baba-m, axxam n baba-m !

Ilaq sya d asawen tasa ad tirid ; ad kksen wurfan asmi ara tfakk deɛwessu, imir teḥnen ad d-temmir am wenzar ɣef tnezruft ur ţ-nessin, ad yergagi yifer winna ur nessin azwu n tudert.

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TASƔUNT Amata : _ D aferdis awezzlan _ D tilellit deg tira _ Teţeqqen awal ɣer wayeḍ, neɣ asumer ɣer wayeḍ _ Llant snat n talɣiwin : 1 _ talɣa n tuqqna 2 _ talɣa n usentel 1 _ TASƔUNT N TUQQNA : Tasɣunt teţeqqen awal ɣer wayeḍ, neɣ asumer ɣer wayeḍ : _ neɣ :

eddu neɣ qim _ akked / akk d :

yeffeɣ akked dadda-s _ ma-ulac :

awi-t ma-ulac ad ifakk _ maca/acu/maɛna, lakin :

ad yeddu maca ɣef uḍar _ wanag/wammag, wamma :

wanag d neţa i ţ-id-yufan _ ziɣ / ziɣenni, ziɣemma :

ɣileɣ d izem ziɣ d izimer _ daɣ-neţa :

ayen i yi-d-tenniḍ yelha, daɣ-neţa ferḥeɣ

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2 _ TASƔUNT N USENTEL : _ Tasɣunt n usentel teţeqqen asumer ɣer wayeḍ, ţuɣalen d

tayuga sdukklen anamek, wis-sin d war-anamek ma ulac amezwaru. _ Tikkwal tzeggir di twinest _ Tasɣunt n usentel tezmer ad tili d tin n :

a _ wakud, b _ umentil c _ yeswi d _ userwes e _ wewtil f _ usiḍen (weqbal

a _ AKUD : _ mi / asmi, melmi, degmi, segmi :

mi ifukk aserwet, yečča imensi melmi d-yusa yaf-iyi-d degmi d-yewweḍ

_ ticki : ticki t-teẓram inet-as ticki ara yekker

_ akken : akken kan yebda tikli akken ifukk imensi, yeẓzel

_ dɣa : isuɣ isuɣ dɣa yeggugem !

_ skud / meskud : skud yetnunnut qednennuḥ, yiwen ur iruḥ ! skud ara yili din ur n-kcimeɣ

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_sya, ar d- : sya ar d-yaweḍ nek cabeɣ

_ armi / allarmi : ččan armi rwan urǧiɣ allarmi ččan swan

_ ar-d / alamma : ar-d ilin waman ad nessew ad t-rǧuɣ da alamma yusa-d

b _ AMENTIL (i-lmend) : _ i-mi :

i-mi k-yehwa akka i-mi ad tebruḍ, d lawan

_ acku / cek, axater, yak :

ur gganeɣ ara acku tameddit-a swiɣ lqawha iruḥ ad isewweq, yak azekka d laɛwacer

GM : acku, yak mačči d imezga, zemren ad kksen : ur gganeɣ ara tameddit-a, [.......]swiɣ lqahwa

c _ ISWI : _ akken :

efk-asen ad ččen akken ad nnernin _ ammar :

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susmet ammar wi ɣ-d-isellen uggadeɣ ammar ad d-yuɣal

d _ ASERWES : _ akken :

am wakken i m-nniɣ nedda akken nufa mačči akken nebɣa !

_ amzun / zun : cfiɣ amzun d iḍelli

_ qel / aqell : tamurt-a azal-is qel n tayeḍ taddart-a d aqell

_ kter : yeṣber kter-is

_ ɛad / ugar : yiwet tecbeḥ, ugar tayeḍ !

_ yif / tif :

yir jjwaǧ yif-it berru ! tif taɣawsa azal-is !

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e _ AWTIL : (tafada) _ ma :

ma yehwa-yak ad truḍ, ru ma ad teqqimeḍ nek ruḥeɣ

_ limer / lemmer, mer : limer i d-yemmekti yemma-s mer ad d-ternuḍ awal

_ wufan / lukan : wufan yerna tasusmi wufan ad neqqim akk-ass

_ ama....ama : ama teččiḍ ama ur teččiḍ ama yedda ama ur yedda

_ fiḥel ma : fiḥel ma tegreḍ-d iman-ik fiḥel meqqar ma nenna-d

f _ ASIḌEN (aqbal) : _ ulamma :

ulamma yemmut, yeǧǧa-d ulamma awal-ik aɛziz...

_ ɣas : ɣas iwala, yerra iman-is yedderɣel

Tamawt : _ Tasɣunt n usemmad aḥerfi belli d tin ur nezgi, fiḥel ma tkad-

d di tira : nnan ad d-yuɣal > nnan [belli] ad d-yuɣal sliɣ ad d-yas > sliɣ [belli] ad d-yas

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AḌRIS :

ḤANUN ZANUN NNIG AKANUN Akken yebda tikli, d tirwas kan i d-iţarew. Neţa d dadda-s,

seg wasmi i d-kkren, yezga umennuɣ gar-asen. Mgarraden aṭas, amzun mačči yiwet n tɛebbuṭ i ten-yurwen.

Tura mi meqqerit, yiwen zik-zik i iţenkar, d abrid ɣer tferka : di tegrest d tayerza, deg unebdu d aserwet. Ata-n yečča taksumt-is. Wayeḍ yezga deg wexxam yerba ifassen-is ; akken i s-yeqqar baba-s asmi yella ɣef ddunit : – ḥanun zanun nnig akanun !

Wufan meqqar iţaṭtaf iles-is. Aha', neţa, ayen i s-yerẓen deg yiɣallen, yerna-t i yiles : tafellaḥt-is d ameslay.

Tal tameddit, mi d-yekcem dadda-s, ad t-id-yaf yeṭtef tasga-s, iţel deg wecluḥ-is. Mi t-iluɣa ad as-yini : "– Kker ad nezzu !"

Winna ad as-d-yerr : "– Sya ar d-yaweḍ, nek cabeɣ !" neɣ : – I-ixeddmen d ilfan neɣ d wid iwumi kfan ! neɣ : – Ayen teẓziḍ yelha, daɣ-neţa ferḥeɣ ! Lḥaṣun ameslay ur iţnusu ara deg-s, ma ulac ur yeggan ara. Yemma-s seg wasmi meẓziyit, ɣur-s kan i tmal, s tiṭ-is i

teţwali, s yiles-is i tessawal. Armi d iseggasen-a ineggura i s-teqqar cwiṭ n tquranin :

– A mmi, tura meqqreḍ, ilaq-ak ad tesfezwiḍ ɣef yiman-ik, dadda-k yiwen wass ad yaɛyu deg-k. Ddunit-a ulac win yeddan akken yebɣa !

Maca tin-as neɣ teqqim, neţa ur yerra ara aḍar. Asmi mazal amɣar, yeqqar-as : "– Efk-asen ad ččen akken ad nnernin !...Abrid-a i d-yewwi

ur i-yeččur tiṭ ! Amcum-a tif-it limer d tallest i d-turweḍ ! Neţat :

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– Ay a baba, ur yesɛi ara zzher maḍi, aql-ak terriḍ-t gar

wallen-ik. Asmi ara yimɣur ad yissin ! Neţa : – Asɣar ma yaɛwej dayen ! Dɣa, ad ggaleɣ ma uɣaleɣ ad

neṭqeɣ fell-as, i-mi akka i m-yehwa. Ziɣ am kem am neţa ! Ccwi kan yella dadda-s, wannag ad aɣ-ččen yeqjan !

Yiwen wass, tewweḍ-as tfidi s iɣes i dadda-s, tufa-t yemma-s di tferka mi ifukk aserwet, neţa iṭij d aquran yenna-d ma n-teṭtfeḍ ! Yebbaɛzaq ɣef yemma-s :

– D kem i s-igan akka, tura ma yehwa-yam ad truḍ, ru ! nek ur n-kcimeɣ axxam skud yeṭtef di tidak-is, ama ass-a, ama azekka ama wayeḍ ur uɣaleɣ ad n-kecmeɣ anida yella ! Ticki i t-teẓriḍ, in-as !

Yerna neţa awal amectuḥ yezga ɣur-s! Iḍ nni, turǧa armi yečča yeṛwa, neţa mačči inuda anida

yella dadda-s, temmeslay-it. Yesseggra-yas-d : " Ziɣ d izem, yerna nek ɣileɣ-t d awtul. Aha tura, i-mi akka i s-yehwa ad aɣ-yerr akk d ifellaḥen, azekka d nek ara yezwiren ɣer teɣzut !"

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AMERNU

Amata : – Amernu d urmeskil – Yezga d ilelli di twinest – Irennu ɣef wemyag, neɣ ɣef yisem, neɣ amernu nniḍen akken

ad iseddi anamek – Azal umernu yemgarrad, yella win n : 1 – wakud 2 – tesga 3 – tesmekta 4 – tɣara 1 – AMERNU N WAKUD : Yes-s i nẓerr melmi – tura :

tura kan ara tekkreḍ tura ad d-uɣaleɣ

– imir : ad d-tas akka imir-a in-as, imir ad iwali

– ar-deqqal : mi yeffeɣ ar-deqqal ad yekcem ihi, aţa-n ar-deqqal

– llin-a / seg-llinna :

seg-llinna i ţ-walaɣ – imir-a / imir-n :

iḍelli akka imir-a

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– zik :

zik i teţenkar a malah a zik nni !

– iḍelli, send-iḍelli : seg yiḍelli ur d-banen

– tikkwal (tikwal) : tikwal desseɣ tikwal ţruɣ

– assa, assen, yal-ass, akkass : akkass neţa d anadi yal-ass iţas-d

– azekka, seld-azekka : azekka d ayla-nneɣ

– ilindi, send-ilindi : ilindi teswa tmurt

– melmi / u-melmi : melmi i t-ẓriɣ !

– qabel, wabel : ar qabel ma nedder qabel wabel d irden

– akka-dani : akka-dani yekkat wegris

– werɛad / zeddiɣ : werɛad i d-yuki

– werǧin : werǧin texsi tmes gar-asen

2 – AMERNU N TESGA (amḍiq, tanyilt) : Yes-s i nẓerr anida.

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– da (d isuddimen-is :

da, dahin, din, dinna, ɣer-da, ɣer dahin ɣer-din

– sya (d isuddimen-is : sya, syahin, syen, syenna, atg.

– anida, anda, aniwer, sanida, sanda, atg. – ar-ani, ar-anida, aniɣer, atg. – ansi – akk-in (akkin), akkinna – akkad (akka-d) – deffir, sdeffir – zdat (sdat) – s-ufella, swadda – agens, sdaxel – nnig, sennig, ddaw, seddaw – i-ukessar, i-usawen – tama, d tama – agemmaḍ, gemmaḍ-a, gemmaḍ-in – saɣella 3 – AMERNU N TESMEKTA : (n wannect, n yezli) Yes-s i nẓerr annect – akk, akk-it – aṭas, buhan, ddeqs – cwiṭ, drus, abziz, acemma, azuḥ – annect – kan – maḍi – meqqar

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– ugar ! atg. 4 – AMERNU N TƔARA : Yes-s i nẓerr amek – nezzeh – s-yiɣil – amek – akka, akken – mezleg – qejmuri – gefgafi – hati atg. AḌRIS :

25 ISEGGASEN Iḍelli akka imir-a kan i d-ibedd ɣef wemnar, yenna-yas : –

Tura kan ad d-uɣaleɣ ! Ass nni akka am wass-a, asemmiḍ isenni, yekkat wegris la

s-d-itessu i wedfel. Tuzzel tefka-yas-d abalṭu yesbur-it, tuggad ad d-yebzeg ticki, mi ara d-yuɣal. Yefka-t wemnar akk-in.

25 iseggasen seg wasmi yeffeɣ ur d-iban, neţa yenfa, ma d neţat ma drus i tru. Tura ata sdat-s, aṭas aya deg i t-yenqar ccib, la yeţmeslay, maca am wakken ayen akk i d-yeqqar mačči d imeslayen : tessikkid-it kan werɛad i tumin !

25 iseggasen-a amzun uɣalen ddew useksut, ad asen-teg ur ten-teddir ara. Armi d ilindi i tesla d tideţ yedder, yemlal yid-s wayyaw-is agemmaḍ-in. Aṭas n tlufa i t-id-isusfen, udem-is ikad mačči anagar taḍsa kan akked yeddukul. Yeffeɣ d acawrar, yuɣal-d tizi n temɣer, ziɣ mazal ad mwalint wallen, ziɣ mazal tiṭ ad t-twali, tinna ur nedderɣel wannag tayeḍ wicfan-aya seg wasmi i ţ-teǧǧa tafat.

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Aseggas yezrin, ad as-tini ar qabel, mi d-yewweḍ qabel ad

as-tini ar wabel. Tsenni ussan neɣ d nutni i ţ-isennin ! Tasa teknef, aglim yezza, ma d asirem yezga deg-s la yeţnunnut, am tteẓrureq di tillas.

Asmi yefra ṭtrad, texsi tmes yuɣen, nniqal yewweḍ-d wawal yemmut. Tesens-d fell-as, tadderwict nni tenna-yas : – Win i m-yennan yemmut yeskaddeb, ata-n walaɣ-t ɣef idarren-is, la iteddu, ur t-yuɣ wara. Ɣas yemdel wallaɣ, temmunddel tmuɣli, agerbuz-is d tasaft ur nekni. Yiwen wass ad d-yemmekti !

Tesuffeɣ-as ikerri. Sya ɣer da teţuɣal ɣur-s. Abrid tenna-yas, ata-n walaɣ

yeqqen tahenddit, abrid tenna-yas ata-n walaɣ zzin-as iferruǧen, abrid tenna-yas yerbeḥ yufa-t, abrid ggten fell-as lerẓaq, taɛrurt telsa taɛebbuṭ teṛwa, udem yeḍsa, ur-ǧin yenḥaf.

Akk-n akken, armi d iseggasen-a ineggura truḥ dayen tuyes, acu kan ɣas tuyes, ɣas tengugi-yas nniyya, asensi tezga tesnusuy-d fell-as. Ilindi tenna-yas-d : – Send ad izemm useggas, mmi-m ad d-yuɣal !

Neţat tenna-yas : – Amin ! s ukellex, tannumi kra yallen tmezzi-t.

Tefka-yas lwaɛda i tdderwict, teffeɣ teqqar i tmeddukal-is : – Tikkwal qqareɣ-as wicfan-aya la tettahay fell-i, yerna nek aql-i zgiɣ deffir-s. D–tideţ-nnkent dɣa, yella win i d-yuɣalen 25 iseggasen zrin ?

Degmi qqaren : win yunagen ad icali, win iruǧan ad iwali. Ata-n tura sdat-s, annect n teslent, yeṭtef abalṭu mezleg ɣef tayeţ, ibedd-d ɣef wemnar, yuɣal-d ! Twala-t !

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TIRIRIN ABATI Amata : _ Awalen-a ţaran yes-sen medden awal, neɣ skanen-d abati, ma

baten. _ D iwezzlanen, tugeţ deg-sen ţawin tineqqiṭ n ubati : !

1 _ TIRIRIN : Tella tririn s tilawt, tella tin s tibawt a _ S tilawt :

ih ! yirbeḥ ! yewqem ! igerrez ! d tideţ ! nezzeh !

b _ S tibawt : ala ! xic ! nndeh ! axxi ! aha° !

c _ Tiririn nniḍen : _ amdan i wayeḍ :

ccah ! xas / ɣas ! wi-cqa ! ulac a ilif ! saḥḥit ! tanemmirt ! ahu !

_ i lmal :

i weqjun : rreẓ ! i taɣaṭ : rri ! kci ! i ikerri : ssek !

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i weɣyul : err ! i tyaziṭ : čiw-čiw !

i yetbir : bit ! bi t! serr !

2 _ ABATI : S wawalen n ubati i d-yeskan wemdan ma ibat. Tezga yid-sen

tneqqiṭ n ubati : ! _ aɣemlil neɣ tuggdi : annaɣ ! _ ṣsber : d aya, dayen _ amummi : ccafuɛa ! alaṭif ! _ lhejna : wah! awah! yah! _ aqraḥ : uyy! way! _ɛeyyu : uk uhuk! _ reffu : uuk! _ lferḥ : ccwi! ldendu-Llah! _ asmekti : iḥqa! ay-iḥqa! _ acukket : mmm! yyah! _ anebbeh : ɣur-k ɣur-m ! ɣur-wat! atg.

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AḌRIS :

SIN LA TMESLAYEN – Ihi, ayen akk i k-nniɣ yeffeɣ neɣ nndeh ? – D–tideţ ! kra din yeffeɣ, yerna keč nniqal seg wid ma

nnan-ak sired ɣas ames ! – Ulac aɣilif, ma yugar-ik yiles-ik ass-a, ayen i k-yehwan

init-id. Wi-cqa ! ahat ad yifsus cwiṭ wul-ik. Ɣur-k kan anida i s-teqqareḍ ferḥeɣ-ak !

– Igerrez ! A ur awḍen ! Ur swin ara azal n tefdent-ik wakraren-a akked neţili.

– D–tideţ ! yiwen wawal kan i ţaɣen : win i sen-yennan ssek ad ddun.

– Akken bɣun ilin d ayla-nneɣ. – Yyah ! aql-ak ula d keč anida teqqneḍ i tebriḍ. Nek s timmad-iw dayen ur yelli wacu i yi-cerken

yid-sen. – Anida i k-yehwa rwel-asen, nutni ur k-teţun ara. A ur d-

iger yiger-ik actal ma ulac ad t-tmegreḍ s ufus ! Ɛ.M.

Tullizin

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ILƔITEN DEG TIRA

Amata : _ Yes-sen iţaẓay unegzum n wawalen di twinest. _ Talɣa-nsen tugeţ d tawezzlant. 1 _ TIRA N I : ɣur-s snat n tmeẓra di twinest, ɣas tira yiwet :

_ timeẓri tuqqint _ timeẓri tilellit a _ Timeẓri tuqqint : i yeqqen ɣer ufeggag _ i n wudem wis-3 n umalay asuf :

ičča iswa ikka iţawi ikad igen iteddu

Deg tiddest-a, i d amqim n wudem wis-3 n umalay asuf. _ D ameskil s tewsit ( ɣur-s unti) d wesget _ Iţuɣal d ye sdat targalt yessden, neɣ snat n tergalin ma

mnennint : yečča yeswa yekka

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GM : Talɣa s ye > talɣa s i : yečča > ičča yečča > ičča yekka > ikka

_ i amaɣun : iččan iteţen iswan

Deg tiddest-a, i d urmeskil (ulac unti neɣ asget), yezmer daɣen ad yuɣal d ye :

izagren yeččan tistan yeswan b _ Timeẓri tilellit : _ i amassaɣ :

d axxam i nebna d tamda i t-yeččan

Tamawt : _ i amassaɣ iţaru daɣen ay :

i = ay _ i amassaɣ ur yezga ara deg umeslay, acu ilaq ad d-ikad

di tira : argaz i d-yusan > argaz d-yusan anida i yella > anida yella

_ i amassaɣ yezmer ad yili isenned ɣer tenzeɣt, neɣ d ilelli, iţawi ajerriḍ :

i-deg = ideg i-ɣef = iɣef i-ɣer = iɣer atg.

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_ Tanzeɣt i : yenna-yas baba-s i mmi-s i keč meqqar ma tegneḍ

_ Amqim udmawan i : i d awzil n yi

gar-i d bab-iw cqan-i medden ma nnan sdat-i deffir-i d neţa i i-yeččan

2 _ AJERRIḌ N BEṬTU : Iţili gar aferdis d wayeḍ, yessemlalay-iten. Deg tira, ur d

imezgi : yif-it ma ur yeggit ara. a _ Gar amyag d uferdis nniḍen :

iţawi-t yenna-yas yefka-yas-t yewwi-yas-t-id yusa-d ad d-yas ad t-in-yawi yid-s

b _ Gar amaɣun d tzelɣa : ayen i d-yeqqimen winna ara n-yasen ɣur-k

c _ Gar tazelɣa d wewṣil-is : ɣur-s ɣur-wen sdat-i deffir-sen

d _ Gar isem d wewṣil-is :

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taddart-is baba-s idammen-ines iles-nneɣ

e _ Gar isem d umeskan : yezmer ad yili, acu ur d imezgi

ass nni axxam-a Tamawt :

_ Ajerriḍ iţak-d amgirred gar tzelɣa n tnila -d, -n d tenzaɣ n, d.

Amedya : yusa-d neţa d xali-s, yewwi-d yid-s aman n wedrar. Azekka, ad n-awḍen ɣur-wen.

Ihi : _ tinzaɣ n, d, ur ţawint ara ajerriḍ ! _ tizelɣa n tnila -d, -n zgant ţawint ajerriḍ !

3 _ IMAL D IMEDDUKAL-IS : _ Aktay : Imal ibeddu s ad (neɣ azegzal-is a), s ara (neɣ ara) _ Imal, ma ddan yid-s kra n yiferdisen iţak-d alɣit deg tira. _ Yal aferdis ad yaru i yiman-is, ad yawi ajerriḍ) (–). a _ Imal + amqim usrid : Amedya : amyag awi ad k-awiɣ (a-k-awiɣ) : di twinest-a, llan 3 n iferdisen ad : tazelɣa n yimal -k : amqim usrid -awiɣ : amyag yeftin daɣen : ad kem-awiɣ (a-kem-awiɣ) ad t-awiɣ

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ad ţ-awiɣ ad ken-awiɣ ad kent-awiɣ ad ten-awiɣ ad tent-awiɣ Tamawt : _ Tira s tzelɣa ad tif tin s uzegzal-is : ad > a- ad aɣ-yawi > a-ɣ-yawi ad ten-nawi > a-tent-nawi b _ Imal + amqim urusrid : Amedya : Amyag ini Ad ak-iniɣ (a-k-iniɣ) : di twinest-a, llan 3 n iferdisen ad : tazelɣa n yimal -ak : amqim urusrid -iniɣ : amyag yeftin daɣen : ad am-iniɣ (a-m-iniɣ) ad as-iniɣ ad awen-iniɣ ad akent-iniɣ ad asen-iniɣ ad asent-iniɣ Tamawt : _ Daɣen : ad > a-

ad as-iniɣ > a-s-iniɣ ad asen-iniɣ > a-sen-iniɣ

c _ imal + tazelɣa n tnila :

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Amedya : Imyagen aweḍ, as : ad d-awḍeɣ > a-d-awḍeɣ ad n-aseɣ > a-n-aseɣ ad t-in-isiweḍ > a-t-in-isiweḍ d _ Imedyaten nniḍen : Amedya : Amyag efk _ s 4 iferdisen : ad ak-t-fkeɣ > a-k-t-fkeɣ

ad/a- : tazelɣa n yimal ak- : amqim urusrid t : amqim usrid -fkeɣ : amyag yeftin

_ s 5 iferdisen : ad ak-t-id-fkeɣ > a-k-t-id-fkeɣ

ad/a- : tazelɣa n yimal ak- : amqim urusrid t : amqim usrid -id : tazelɣa n tnila -fkeɣ : amyag yeftin

4 _ TAƔERT S G : Deg umeslay, i ma yemlal y, y nni iţuɣal d g yeddan deg

ufeggag :

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i + y ⇒ g d keč i yezran > d keč i-gezran wi yeddan > wi -geddan mi yekka > mi-gekka Tamawt : _ Taɣert s g fiḥel ma tkad-d deg tira.

5 _ AƔELLUY N TIƔRA : _ Tiɣri ma temlal d tayeḍ, tɣelli deg wemsisli. _ Ulac aɣelluy-is deg tira : mi ara d-yuɣal > m'ara d-yuɣal acu akk-a > ac'akk-a ur yufi ara > ur yuf'ara atg.

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AḌRIS:

D TAGERFA I Ɣ-Ţ-IGAN – Ihi, cukteɣ ur teẓriḍ ara ɣef wacu, seg wasmi tebda

ddunit Nutni zwaren-aɣ ɣer tmussni ? Nutni asurif ɣer sdat, nekni asurif ɣer deffir.

Nek nniɣ-as : – Ur ak-ţzuxxuɣ ara, a Dda-Muḥ, wissen ahat tella ssebba, ma d

nek ur ţ-ssineɣ ara. – Ihi, ur teẓriḍ ara daɣen acimi berriket tgerfa ? Dɣa yebda la yi-d-yesseftuy amek i ɣ-zwaren Irumyen ɣer

tmussni. Mi ara yeɣli deg wawal, ulac win ara t-id iqarɛen. Yebda iţawi-d taqsiṭ n tgerfa, akked LeQbayel d Irumyen.

Tamacahuţ-a ahat nnig 100 n iberdan i yas-sliɣ. Neţa iţmeslay nek smuzgguteɣ. Tal tikkelt d acu i s-irennu, neɣ itekkes deg-s cwiṭ. Mačči akken i ţ-id-yewwi ass-a ara ţ-id-yawi ass nniḍen.

Abrid-a tilkin i d-tezraɛ fell-aɣ tgerfa, tiqejjirin-nsent ţarwent-d llazuq. Am wakken aglim nnulent d ayen ur as-ṭtixirent. Yerna llazuq-a i d-ţarwent mačči d win n menwala, inetteḍ ɣas inuda wemdan ad t-iwali ur iţaf ara amek, i-mi deg tiɣmi amzun d aman, yerna wa iţaǧǧa-t-id i wa, yeṭtafar aẓar idammen, ţafen-t-id dderya.

Aqcic ara d-ilalen iţawi-t-id yid-s akken i d-iţawi tiɣmi n wallen neɣ teɣzi n wanzaren. D ayen ur ntekkes, ad iɣellel akken ara tɣellel tudert, tasuta yezrin tayeḍ ad t-id-taf.

Ɛ.M. Tullizin

135

IḌRISEN I TƔURI

136

IḌRISEN S TEQBAYLIT : BU ICUBAƔ

Argaz nni i n-yewwḍen ɣur-wen, si taddart-nneɣ i n-yeffeɣ. Taɣawsa nni yeffren ddaw ubarnus-is, d taẓemmart. Qqaren yes-s yenfa ilfan si teẓgi, ur yeǧǧa yiwen. Ma d tideţ wicfan-aya seg wasmi i ţ-iţawi deg ubaggus-is.

Asmi i d-yusa ɣur-neɣ, cfiɣ am wass-a. Yewwi-d yid-s aṭarus, yezwar-it-id sdat-s. Icubaɣ ččan udem-is, tastawt yelsa tecfa i lebḥer asmi yerɣƐ.Ma seg wammas d asawen ḥezluti, asemmiḍ ɣas yella mačči d win igezzmen. Afus-is yurez abudid n tzemmurt deg umur n uɛekkaz. Acu-t wemdan-a ! Awal yemmeɣ axxam axxam, ffɣen-d medden ad t-walin. Nniqal d asmiccew kan i ten-id-isuffɣen, bɣan ad ḍsen cwiṭ.

Tura taḍsa ziɣ ulac, lhejna ţwalin tuɣal-asen d tuggdi. Yerna ur yennul yiwen, d tissas kan i yeggten fell-as.

Aɣemlil yurew-d tuffɣa n leɛqel. Ɣran-as-d i Ccix, neţa ad t-yarez s wawal, wamma mmi-s n tmeṭtut n menwala ur as-izemmer arƐ.Mi t-iwala Ccix, azgen yeɣli di ţbut-is. S wawal amectuḥ i t-yemmeslay.

Yenna-yas : "– Acu i k-id-yewwin ɣer da, a mmi ? Winna : "– Nek, agemmaḍ nnulent wallen ad yeddu fell-as

uḍar. Ccix : "– D amsebrid neɣ d inebgi ? Winna :"– Ur lliɣ d amsebrid, ur lliɣ d inebgi ! Ccix :"– Ihi, wet ɛeddi ! Winna :"– Anda ara nɛeddi, i-mi d imezgi ! Bu icubaɣ-a, ziɣ yuɣ Taqbaylit. Ata-n la yeţgerriz innan ! Tuggdi tebda teţifrir, ldin medden

tameẓzuɣt.

Ɛ.M. Tullizin

137

ASEFRU N TALUFT

Yusa-d ɣur-neɣ yewwi-d yid-s tikkerkas udem-is d awraɣ d tideţ yekka-d si tillas Yurew-d sin n wawalen yefka-yaɣ-ten-id d tarzeft d uqbiren d irẓaganen ma ad ak-d-yefk warẓez tamment Tura cwiṭ akka ad n-yezger ɣur-wen akken ad teẓrem d acu-t azaglu-ines d idmimen iẓri-nwen ad t–tezdeɣ taluft D neţa iwumi qqaren azrem bu 7 tsuqqas igen deg wegbrid yedhen agemmaḍ-in d ameqyas Ma d imeṭtawen yeḥman anida llan ad awen-ten-in-yawi tilawin akk d imawlan ad ddarin tiziri

Ɛ.M. Isefra n tatut

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AMƔAR AḤULI

Ruḥ a ulid-i ur fell-i senduy aman keč meqqreḍ nek werɛad bdiɣ remḍan ixef-ik icab iḍarren ɣef teddiḍ ulwan leɛqel yeffeɣ-ik ur tenniḍ deg wayen yelhan I yak-d-yeggran d aẓekka nek ad aɣeɣ win i i-yehwan. Sigg a ulid-i abrid-inek d asawen terriḍ-ţ i nnhati d aḥuli yesmermuɣen ɣur-k ad tɣileḍ iɣaḍ-i yimi-k i d-iţarwen aldayen lalla-k tugar taninna Yes-s i ţgallan yelmeẓyen ma ddiɣ yid-k ad d-iwet wedfel di ṣsmayem.

Taseddart 1ut seg HANOTEAU Essai de Grammaire Kabyle

Livre V 1858

139

ǦEḤḤA TAMETTUT-IS D WEMCIC

Yiwen wass isewweq Ǧeḥḥa. Yaɣ-d cedda n weksum annect-ilaţ : deg-s kilu d werḍel.

Yewwi-yas-ţ-id i tmeṭtut-is, yini-yas : – Axx, seww-aɣ-d imensi !

Aksum iţewwa, iraggen ččuren axxam. Mi twet ad terwi aseqqi, ad tger cwiṭ ɣer yimi-s ma ur merreɣ ara...

Akken akken, armi ifukk weksum amcum ! Teqqim teţxemmim amek ara s-tini i wergaz-is. Tufa-ţ-id : – Ihi ẓriɣ, d ayen isehlen, ad as-iniɣ d amcic i t-yeččan ! Mi d-yewweḍ ßeḥḥa, twet-it-d rriḥa d taẓidant, [ yebda

yessemsad icenfiren-is, imi-s yurew-d aman. ] Yenna-yas i tmeṭtut-is : – [ Ekker efk-aneɣ-d imensi ]! Anida akka yella weksum nni?

Tenna-yas : – [ Fiḥel meqqar ma tɣawleḍ-d, ] aksum yečča-t wemcic ! [ Yenna-yas : – Amek akka i t-yečča wemcic ? Neţat : – Yeddem-it gar ifassen-iw yerwel yes-s ! ] Ǧeḥḥa dɣa isusem... Yekker yeddem-d lmizan, yeṭtef-d amcic

nni iwzen-it. Yaf-it yewzen kilu d werḍel swa-swa. Yenna-yas : �