Adjectives Adjectives : Adjectives : Adjectives tell us what something is like. Adjectives tell us...

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Adjectives Adjectives Adjectives Adjectives : : Adjectives Adjectives tell tell us what us what something is like something is like . . They are the same in singular and plural. They are the same in singular and plural. They can be used before a noun or after a They can be used before a noun or after a linking verb linking verb ( ( appear, be, become, get, feel, look, appear, be, become, get, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste seem, smell, sound, stay, taste ). ). She's got She's got long long hair. hair. These roses smell These roses smell nice nice . . Adjectives can be Adjectives can be factual factual ( ( big, square, big, square, blue etc blue etc ) or ) or express an express an opinion opinion ( ( nice, nice, beautiful etc beautiful etc ). ).

Transcript of Adjectives Adjectives : Adjectives : Adjectives tell us what something is like. Adjectives tell us...

Page 1: Adjectives Adjectives : Adjectives : Adjectives tell us what something is like. Adjectives tell us what something is like. They are the same in singular.

Adjectives Adjectives AdjectivesAdjectives : : AdjectivesAdjectives tell tell us what us what something is something is

likelike. . They are the same in singular and plural. They are the same in singular and plural. They can be used before a noun or after a They can be used before a noun or after a

linking verblinking verb ( (appear, be, become, get, feel, appear, be, become, get, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, stay, tastelook, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste). ).

She's got She's got longlong hair. hair. These roses smell These roses smell nicenice.. Adjectives can beAdjectives can be factualfactual ((big, square, blue big, square, blue

etcetc) or) or express anexpress an opinionopinion ((nice, beautiful nice, beautiful etcetc).).

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Order of AdjectivesOrder of Adjectives When two or more adjectives are used before When two or more adjectives are used before

a noun, they normally go in the following a noun, they normally go in the following order:order:

OpinionOpinion Fact Adjectives Fact Adjectives adjectivesadjectives sizesize ageage shapeshape colourcolour originorigin materialmaterial usedused

forfor// bebe aboutabout nounnoun It's a It's a lovelylovely smallsmall oldold square square brownbrown Chinese Chinese woodenwooden writing writing tabletable.. When there are two or more adjectives of the same When there are two or more adjectives of the same

type, the more general adjective goes before the type, the more general adjective goes before the more specificmore specific..

a kind, gentle ladya kind, gentle lady Afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, content, Afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, content,

ill,ill, adrift, afloat, adrift, afloat, glad glad, , upsetupset etc etc are never followed by are never followed by a noun.a noun.

The students wereThe students were ashamedashamed of what they had done. of what they had done. (not: the ashamed student)(not: the ashamed student)

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PresentPresent and and past participlespast participles can be used as can be used as adjectives. adjectives.

The film was The film was amusingamusing. . We were We were amusedamused.. an an infuriatinginfuriating woman ( woman ( she made us she made us

furiousfurious)) an an infuriated infuriated woman ( woman ( something had made something had made

her furiousher furious))

Chief, eldest, former, indoor, inner, main, Chief, eldest, former, indoor, inner, main, only, outdoor, outer, principle, upperonly, outdoor, outer, principle, upper ,,sheer, sheer, utterutter can only be used before nounscan only be used before nouns. .

This is anThis is an indoorindoor swimming pool. swimming pool.

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Put the adjectives into the correct place, Put the adjectives into the correct place, then identify what kind of adjectives then identify what kind of adjectives they are.they are.1. I love ice-cream. (strawberry, Italian,

tasty) ... I love tasty Italian strawberry ice-cream....•(opinion, origin, material)

2. They have a sofa. (leather, navy-blue, modern)They have a modern navy-blue leather sofa.

(Opinion, colour, material)3. He loves his bike. (new, red,

expensive, mountain)He loves his expensive new red mountain bike. (opinion, age, calour, used for)

4. She has a voice. (lovely, singing, pure)•she has a lovely pure singing voice

(Opinion,opinion,used for)5. He's just sold that suit to a woman.

(beautiful, slim, tall, French, young)He’s just sold that suit to a beautiful tall young slim French woman. (Opinion, size age,

shape,origin)

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6. She bought curtains. (brown and orange, dining-room)She bought brown and orange dining-room curtains. (Colour, be

about)7. She bakes cakes. (chocolate, delicious, birthday, round)She bakes delicious round chocolate birthday cakes. (Opinion, size, material,

be about)8. June has a puppy. (tiny, brown, fluffy) .June has a tiny fluffy brown puppy.

( size, shape, colour)9. She was given a dress. (black, spectacular,

Italian, evening) She was given a spectacular black Italian evening dress. (Opinion, colour, origin,

used for)10. He bought a racquet. (tennis, graphite, new) .He bought a new graphite tennis racquet. (age, material, used

for)11. He has a grandfather. (French, ninety-year-old, wonderful)He has a wonderful ninety-year-old French grandfather. (Opinion, age,

origin)

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12. We watched a film. (boring, German, black and white)We watched a boring black and white, German film. (Opinion, colour,

origin)13. She wears lipstick. (pink, horrible, glossy)She wears horrible glossy pink lipstick.

(Opinion, colour, colour)14. We used to have a teacher. (strict, old,

biology, American)We used to have a strict old American biology teacher. (Opinion, age, origin, be

about)15. It was a dress. (wedding, antique, cream, stunning, lace)It was a stunning antique cream lace wedding dress.(Opinion, age, colour, material,

used for)16. Yesterday we went to the club. (huge, sports, modern)Yesterday we went to the huge modern sports club. (Size, age, used

for)

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17. Mary has a job. (sales, demanding, new)Mary has a demanding new sales job.

(Opinion, age, be about)

18. The house has a kitchen, (large, well-equipped, white, modern)The house has a well-equipped large modern white

kitchen. (Opinion,size, age, colour)19. He has a bag. (black, big,

school)He has a big black school bag. (Size colour, used

for) 20. I have rarely seen such a film. (American, well-made, detective)I have rarely seen such a well-made American

detective film. (Opinion,origin,be about)

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Nouns of Nouns of materialmaterial, , purposepurpose or or substancesubstance can be used can be used asas adjectives.adjectives.

(a summer suit, a television series)

Certain adjectives can be used Certain adjectives can be used metaphorically:metaphorically:

silky skinsilky skin (soft and smooth, like silk), (soft and smooth, like silk), butbut a silk dressa silk dress (a dress made of silk), (a dress made of silk), stony lookstony look (disapproving look) (disapproving look) butbut a stone walla stone wall (a wall made of stone), (a wall made of stone), golden eaglegolden eagle (a bird with gold-brown feathers) (a bird with gold-brown feathers) butbut a gold ringa gold ring (a ring made of gold), (a ring made of gold), feathery snowflakesfeathery snowflakes (soft and delicate like feathers) (soft and delicate like feathers) butbut a feather pillowa feather pillow (a pillow containing feathers), (a pillow containing feathers),

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a leaden sky (dark sky; the colour of lead) but lead pipes (pipes made of lead), a steely character (a hard, strong, unkind character) but a steel-plated tank (a vehicle with a

steel covering).

metallicmetallic paint (paint which looks like metal)

but metal-rimmed glasses (glasses with a rim made of metal),

leathery meat (too firm and difficult to cut)

but a leather coat (a coat made of leather),

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4. He approached the task with 4. He approached the task with steelsteel//steelysteely determination. determination.

5. This soap will leave your skin feeling 5. This soap will leave your skin feeling silksilk//silkysilky and soft. and soft.

6. 6. LeatheryLeathery / / LeatherLeather coats never seem to go out of fashion. coats never seem to go out of fashion.

7. This plant has soft 7. This plant has soft featherfeather//featheryfeathery leaves. leaves.

8. We spotted the 8. We spotted the metalmetal//metallicmetallic blue car speeding into the tunnel blue car speeding into the tunnel ahead.ahead.

9. The manager's 9. The manager's stonestone//stonystony expression showed that all was not expression showed that all was not well.well.

10. She was given an expensive 10. She was given an expensive goldgold / / goldengolden watch for her twenty- watch for her twenty-first birthday.first birthday.

•Underline the correct adjective1. A A goldgold / / goldengolden eagle glided gracefully across the sky. eagle glided gracefully across the sky.

2. She ruined her She ruined her silksilk//silkysilky suit by washing it. suit by washing it.

3. We had to climb over a low We had to climb over a low stonestone//stonystony wall. wall.

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Put the adjectives in the correct orderPut the adjectives in the correct order Rent our house in Italy for your holidays!Rent our house in Italy for your holidays! It's a 1) It's a 1) beautiful large stonebeautiful large stone...... (stone, beautiful, large) villa on (stone, beautiful, large) villa on spectacular views of the sea. spectacular views of the sea. You will love the 2) ........................................... (old, huge, marble) You will love the 2) ........................................... (old, huge, marble)

swimming pool swimming pool huge old marblehuge old marble wwe e have in our 3) ............................................. (mountainside, terraced, have in our 3) ............................................. (mountainside, terraced,

colourful) garden. colourful) garden. Colorful terraced mountainsideColorful terraced mountainside There is aThere is a 4) 4) ............................................... (sunny, stone, rectangular) ............................................... (sunny, stone, rectangular)

patio patio Sunny rectangular stoneSunny rectangular stone AAt the front with many 5) .............................................. (terracotta, flower-t the front with many 5) .............................................. (terracotta, flower-

filled, circular) pots. filled, circular) pots. Circular terracotta flower-filledCircular terracotta flower-filled The house has five 6) .............................................. (elegant, white, The house has five 6) .............................................. (elegant, white,

medium-sized) bedrooms and three marble bathrooms -medium-sized) bedrooms and three marble bathrooms - Elegant medium-sized whiteElegant medium-sized white

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each with its own 7) ..................................................... (antique,each with its own 7) ..................................................... (antique,

little, wonderful) wall-painting. little, wonderful) wall-painting.

Wonderful little antiqueWonderful little antique

The living room has a 8) ....................................................... (cool, lovely, The living room has a 8) ....................................................... (cool, lovely,

marble) floor marble) floor

Lovely cool marbleLovely cool marble

with 9) .............................................. (expensive, Persian, antique) rugs with 9) .............................................. (expensive, Persian, antique) rugs

and comfortable sofas. and comfortable sofas.

Expensive antique ParsianExpensive antique Parsian

You can eat in the manyYou can eat in the many 10) 10) .............................................. (Italian, .............................................. (Italian,

excellent, traditional) restaurants nearby and enjoy using the facilities excellent, traditional) restaurants nearby and enjoy using the facilities

in the new sports centre.in the new sports centre.

Excellent traditional ItalianExcellent traditional Italian

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Compound adjectivesCompound adjectives are formed with: are formed with: present participlespresent participles,,

a smart-looking man, a sharp-cutting knifea smart-looking man, a sharp-cutting knife past participlespast participles,,

a much-liked colleague, a well-known singera much-liked colleague, a well-known singer cardinal numbers + nounscardinal numbers + nouns,,

a one-month holiday, a seventy-mile speed a one-month holiday, a seventy-mile speed limit,limit,

a three-year degreea three-year degree prefixes and suffixesprefixes and suffixes,,

anti-social behaviour, a part-time workeranti-social behaviour, a part-time worker badly, III, poorly, well + past participlebadly, III, poorly, well + past participle,,

a badly-treated animal, a well-established firma badly-treated animal, a well-established firm

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Make compound adjectives to describe the following.Make compound adjectives to describe the following. 1. A student who has been taught well. 1. A student who has been taught well. aa well-taught student.... well-taught student.... 22 A letter that you have been waiting for for a long A letter that you have been waiting for for a long

time. time. .............................................................................. 3 A person who loves having 3 A person who loves having

fun. .........................................................fun. ......................................................... 4 A garden which is tended 4 A garden which is tended

perfectly. .........................................................perfectly. ......................................................... 5 A life that is free of trouble.5 A life that is free of trouble. .......................................................................................................................... 6 A visit that was not timed 6 A visit that was not timed

well. ...............................................................well. ............................................................... 7 An action that is not 7 An action that is not

advisable. ............................................................. advisable. ............................................................. 8 A journey of seven days. 8 A journey of seven days. ............................................................. .............................................................

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Most common adjectives do not have a particular ending.Most common adjectives do not have a particular ending.

However there are certain common endings for However there are certain common endings for adjectives which are formed from nouns and verbs. adjectives which are formed from nouns and verbs.

These are:These are:

-able-able (predictable),(predictable), -al-al (practical), (practical), -ant -ant (observant),(observant),

-ar-ar (polar),(polar), -ary -ary (reactionary),(reactionary), -ate -ate (passionate),(passionate),

--iialal (racial),(racial), -ent -ent (dependent),(dependent), -esque -esque (grotesque),(grotesque),

-ful-ful (remorseful),(remorseful), - -iianan (Albanian),(Albanian), - -iibleble (sensible),(sensible),

--iicc (dramatic), -(dramatic), - icaicall (economical), (economical), - -iiousous (vicious),(vicious),

-ish-ish (selfish),(selfish), -ist -ist (racist),(racist), - -iiveve (reactive),(reactive),

-less-less (mindless),(mindless), -like -like (man-like),(man-like), -ly-ly (warmly),(warmly),

-ory-ory (celebratory),(celebratory), -ous -ous (glamorous),(glamorous), -some -some (lonesome),(lonesome),

-y-y (sunny (sunny

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The most common prefixes used with The most common prefixes used with adjectives are:adjectives are:

aa- - (asocial),(asocial), abab-- (abnormal),(abnormal),

antianti-- (anticlockwise),(anticlockwise), disdis-- (discontent),(discontent),

hyperhyper-- (hypersensitive),(hypersensitive), il-il- ((legallegal),),

iimm- - (immortal),(immortal), iinn-- (incredible), (incredible),

iirr- - (irrational),(irrational), mal-mal- (malnourished),(malnourished),

nonnon-- (non-violent),(non-violent), overover--(overactive),(overactive),

prepre-- ( pre-packed ),( pre-packed ), pro-pro- (pro-industry),(pro-industry),

sub-sub- (subterranean),(subterranean), super-super- (superconfident), (superconfident),

unun- - (unappreciated),(unappreciated), under-under- (underfed).(underfed).

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Some adjectives can be used withSome adjectives can be used with the the as as nouns to talk about groups of people in nouns to talk about groups of people in general.general.

These are: These are: the blind, the deaf, the disabled, the blind, the deaf, the disabled, the elderly, the homeless, the hungry, the the elderly, the homeless, the hungry, the living, the middle-aged, the old, the poor, living, the middle-aged, the old, the poor, the rich, the sick, the strong, the the rich, the sick, the strong, the unemployed, the weak etc.unemployed, the weak etc.

Disabled peopleDisabled people need help and understanding. need help and understanding.

The disabledThe disabled need help and understanding, need help and understanding, (refers to disabled people in general).(refers to disabled people in general).

The disabled peopleThe disabled people over there are training over there are training for the "Paraplegic Olympics. " (refers to a for the "Paraplegic Olympics. " (refers to a specific group of disabled people.)specific group of disabled people.)

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Fill in "the" where necessary.Fill in "the" where necessary. 1 He takes 1 He takes ......thethe...... disabled children in his area riding on disabled children in his area riding on

Friday afternoons.Friday afternoons.

2 When the government decided to raise taxes ........... 2 When the government decided to raise taxes ........... rich people were unhappy and ........... Poor were rich people were unhappy and ........... Poor were devastated.devastated.

Rich people --- The poorRich people --- The poor 3 Christmas can be a very sad time for........... lonely 3 Christmas can be a very sad time for........... lonely

people and ........... homeless.people and ........... homeless. Lonely people --- The homelessLonely people --- The homeless 4 We were relieved to hear that all........... injured were 4 We were relieved to hear that all........... injured were

recovered from the wreckage before the plane exploded. recovered from the wreckage before the plane exploded. the injured the injured 5 ........... survivors carried ........... injured people to the 5 ........... survivors carried ........... injured people to the

ambulances.ambulances. The survivors --The survivors --thethe injured people injured people 6 ........... deaf communicate by using sign language.6 ........... deaf communicate by using sign language. The deaf The deaf

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AdverbsAdverbs Adverbs normally describe verbs, adjectives, other Adverbs normally describe verbs, adjectives, other

adverbs or whole sentences.adverbs or whole sentences.

He swims veryHe swims very fastfast..

They tell us how (adverbs of manner -They tell us how (adverbs of manner - carefully),carefully),

where (adverbs of place -where (adverbs of place - there),there),

when (adverbs of time -when (adverbs of time - tomorrow),tomorrow),

how often (adverbs of frequency -how often (adverbs of frequency - always),always),

oror how much (adverbs of degree - how much (adverbs of degree -completely)completely)

something happens. There are also relative adverbssomething happens. There are also relative adverbs

(when, where, why)(when, where, why)

and sentence adverbsand sentence adverbs (maybe).(maybe).

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Order of AdverbsOrder of Adverbs Adverbs can be used in front, mid or end position in a Adverbs can be used in front, mid or end position in a

sentence. sentence. FrontFront MidMid EndEnd All afternoonAll afternoon they played they played quietlyquietly in the sitting roomin the sitting room..

Adverbs of manner can be used in any position; in front Adverbs of manner can be used in any position; in front position they give emphasis.position they give emphasis.

She opened the letterShe opened the letter carefully.carefully. CarefullyCarefully,, she opened the letter she opened the letter.. (emphasis) (emphasis)

Adverbs of manner, place and time, when used in the Adverbs of manner, place and time, when used in the same sentence, are usually placed as follows:same sentence, are usually placed as follows:

subject + verb subject + verb mannermanner placeplace timetimeHe was He was working working quietlyquietly in the shedin the shed yesterday eveningyesterday evening..

Note that when there is a verb of movement,Note that when there is a verb of movement, the order is the order is placeplace - - mannermanner - - timetime. .

She went She went therethere by busby bus yesterday.yesterday. Subject+verb Subject+verb placeplace mannermanner timetime

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Adverbs of timeAdverbs of time usually go in end position. They also usually go in end position. They also go in front position to emphasise the time. go in front position to emphasise the time.

subject + verb subject + verb placeplace mannermanner timetime

She goes She goes to the gymto the gym on footon foot everydayeveryday. .

EverydayEveryday sheshe goes goes to the gymto the gym on footon foot.. timetime subject+ verb subject+ verb placeplace manner manner Adverbs of frequencyAdverbs of frequency (always, ever, occasionally, (always, ever, occasionally,

seldom, sometimes, usually etc) go after the seldom, sometimes, usually etc) go after the auxiliary but before the main verb. auxiliary but before the main verb.

She She is always complaining. is always complaining. She always comes on time.She always comes on time.

In short answers, however, In short answers, however, adverbs of frequencyadverbs of frequency go before the auxiliary. go before the auxiliary.

””Is Is he always so bad tempered?" he always so bad tempered?" 'Yes, 'Yes, he always he always is. ”is. ”

Adverbs of degreeAdverbs of degree (almost, hardly, quite etc) go (almost, hardly, quite etc) go before the words they modify. before the words they modify. I've almost I've almost finished.finished.

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Rewrite the sentences putting the adverbs in the Rewrite the sentences putting the adverbs in the correct correct place and making any other necessary place and making any other necessary changes.changes.

1. Ferries sail to the island, (weekly, twice, only, 1. Ferries sail to the island, (weekly, twice, only, during the winter during the winter

..Ferries sail to the island only twice weekly ..Ferries sail to the island only twice weekly during the winter....during the winter....

2. He does the shopping2. He does the shopping.. (reluctantly, at the (reluctantly, at the supermarket, every week)supermarket, every week)

............ 3. She waited for her test results3. She waited for her test results. . (worriedly, in (worriedly, in

the hospital, all day)the hospital, all day) ........................ 4. The clock strikes twelve times4. The clock strikes twelve times.. (exactly, in the (exactly, in the

hall, at midday)hall, at midday) .................................... 5. My mother used to read to me. (aloud, always, 5. My mother used to read to me. (aloud, always,

in the evenings)in the evenings) ..................................................

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6. The soldiers marched, (to the battlefield, bravely, 6. The soldiers marched, (to the battlefield, bravely, yesterday)yesterday)

.............. 7. They go by car. (at weekends, to the leisure centre, 7. They go by car. (at weekends, to the leisure centre,

sometimes)sometimes) ................ 8. We arrived after a bumpy flight8. We arrived after a bumpy flight.. (in Scotland, (in Scotland,

eventually, safely, extremely)eventually, safely, extremely) .................................... 9. The detective had been following the suspect9. The detective had been following the suspect.. (all (all

day, carefully)day, carefully) ................................ 10. She walks10. She walks.. (quickly, every morning, to the station) (quickly, every morning, to the station) .......................... 11. The little boy ran. (excitedly, from the room, 11. The little boy ran. (excitedly, from the room,

suddenly)suddenly) .............................. 12. She turned up looking annoyed12. She turned up looking annoyed.. (at the party, (at the party,

unexpectedly, terribly)unexpectedly, terribly) ....................................

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13. He studied13. He studied.. (hard, all morning, in his bedroom) (hard, all morning, in his bedroom) .......................................... 14 She looked at her reflection14 She looked at her reflection.. (for ten minutes, carefully, (for ten minutes, carefully,

in the mirror)in the mirror) ................................................ 15 The children sit and play. (in their room, for hours, 15 The children sit and play. (in their room, for hours,

happily)happily) .................................... 16 He waved goodbye16 He waved goodbye.. (to his friend, at the airport, sadly) (to his friend, at the airport, sadly) .............................................. 17 The old boat sailed into the harbour17 The old boat sailed into the harbour.. (slowly, through (slowly, through

the water, this afternoon)the water, this afternoon) .......................................................... 18 He ran to answer the phone18 He ran to answer the phone.. (down the stairs, to the (down the stairs, to the

hall, quickly)hall, quickly) ..............................................

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There are certain adverbs which have There are certain adverbs which have the same form as their adjectives. the same form as their adjectives.

These are:These are: bestbest, , betterbetter, , bigbig, , cheapcheap*, *, cleanclean*, *, clearclear*, *,

closeclose*, *, coldcold, , dailydaily, , deaddead, , deardear*, *, deepdeep, , directdirect, , dirtydirty, , earlyearly, , easyeasy,, extra, extra, farfar, fast, , fast, finefine*,*, free, free, furtherfurther,, hard, hard, highhigh, hourly, , hourly, insideinside, kindly, kindly, , lastlast, , late,late, longlong, , loudloud*, *, lowlow, , monthlymonthly, , pastpast, , quick*,quick*, quietquiet*, *, right,right, slowslow, , straightstraight, , suresure, , thin*,thin*, thickthick, , tighttight, , weeklyweekly,, wellwell, , widewide, , wrong,wrong, yearlyyearly etc. etc.

She was an She was an earlyearly riser. riser. She woke upShe woke up earlyearly.. DeadDead right,right, deaddead suresure, , dead dead certaincertain, , deaddead tiredtired, , deaddead

drunk.drunk. Take itTake it easyeasy, go , go easyeasy, , easyeasy comecome easyeasy go.go.

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TheThe adverbs with an asterisk (*) can be adverbs with an asterisk (*) can be found with found with -ly ending without a difference in meaning, -ly ending without a difference in meaning, but then they are more formal.but then they are more formal. / / bought itbought it cheapcheap.. (informal) ALSO (informal) ALSO I bought itI bought it cheaplycheaply.. (formal) (formal)

fast fast asleepasleep, , hold hold fastfast, , stickstick fast,fast,

BowBow low, low, aimaim low, low, speakspeak low low

at six o’clockat six o’clock sharp, sharp, to singto sing sharp, sharp, turnturn sharp sharp right / leftright / left

Stop Stop shortshort, cut , cut shortshort,,

Sound Sound asleepasleep

hold hold tight,tight, packed packed tighttight

wide wide openopen

You guessed You guessed wrong(ly)wrong(ly)

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Identify the highlighted words as Identify the highlighted words as adjectives or adverbs.adjectives or adverbs.

This year's road race was the 1) This year's road race was the 1) bestbest I've ever I've ever seen. The event is held 2) seen. The event is held 2) yearlyyearly and entrance to and entrance to the main stand is 3) the main stand is 3) freefree. .

The race is always a 4) The race is always a 4) suresure exhibition of exhibition of exceptionally 5) exceptionally 5) finefine driving. driving.

It was a 6) It was a 6) coldcold morning, and the teams had woken morning, and the teams had woken up 7) up 7) earlyearly to get their cars ready. They had to get their cars ready. They had trained 8) trained 8) longlong and 9) and 9) hardhard to get here. to get here.

The race was due to start at 11 o'clock, but started The race was due to start at 11 o'clock, but started 10) 10) latelate as the track wasn't 11) as the track wasn't 11) cleanclean. .

There was a 12) There was a 12) loudloud roar when all the drivers roar when all the drivers started their cars,started their cars, then they proceeded 13) then they proceeded 13) quicklyquickly to the starting line. The gun went off, and the cars to the starting line. The gun went off, and the cars moved, as if in 14) moved, as if in 14) slowslow motion. motion.

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They drove 15) They drove 15) pastpast the stands, and turned a the stands, and turned a 16)16) tight tight corner onto the main circuit. corner onto the main circuit.

On the fifth lap one driver made a 17) wrong decision, and his car stopped 18) dead as it collided with a safety-barrier.

The race was 19) fast , and all the drivers drove 20) well, but it was 21) clear from the beginning who was going to win: an Australian driver had taken the 22) inside lane and overtaken everybody in only the second lap.

Over the rest of the race he managed to distance himself 23) further from all the other cars.

It was an 24) easy victory for him, and he continued round the track for an 25) extra lap to celebrate his win.

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Note that some words that end in –ly are adjectives, not adverbs.For example; friendly,lovely,lonely,ugly, deadly,cowardly,silly.

These wods can’t be used as adverbs.

He spoke to me in a very friendly way.Her singing was lovely.

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Adverbs with two forms and differences in Adverbs with two forms and differences in meaningmeaning

deepdeep = a long way down = a long way down deeplydeeply = greatly = greatly fullfull = exactly; very= exactly; very fullyfully = = completely completely latelate = not early = not early llately ately == recently recently suresure = certainly = certainly surelysurely = = without without

a doubt a doubt directdirect == by the shortest route by the shortest route directlydirectly = =

immediatelyimmediately hardhard == intently; with effort intently; with effort hardly hardly = =

scarcelyscarcely nearnear == close close nearlynearly = almost = almost widewide = off-target = off-target widelywidely = to a = to a

largelarge extent extent easyeasy = gently and slowly = gently and slowly easilyeasily = without = without

difficultydifficulty

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easyeasy = gently and slowly = gently and slowly easilyeasily = without difficulty= without difficulty

high high = at / to a high level = at / to a high level highlyhighly == very much very much prettypretty = fairly = fairly prettilyprettily = in a pretty way = in a pretty wayfreefree = without cost = without cost ffreelyreely == willingly willingly lastlast = after all others = after all others llastlyastly = finally = finally short short = suddenly = suddenly shortlyshortly = soon = soon wrongwrong = incorrectly = incorrectly wronglywrongly = unjustly = unjustly (wrongly goes before verbs/past part. -wrong/wrongly go after verbs(wrongly goes before verbs/past part. -wrong/wrongly go after verbs))

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Underline the correct itemUnderline the correct item.. 11. I managed to get to New York . I managed to get to New York easyeasy // easilyeasily by by

flying there flying there directlydirectly//direct.direct.

22.. She has been upset by his behaviour She has been upset by his behaviour latelate // latelylately

33.. LatelyLately // LateLate the cost of living has been the cost of living has been increasing; things generally are not increasing; things generally are not nearlynearly // nearnear as cheap as they used to be.as cheap as they used to be.

44.. It is believed that she was It is believed that she was wrongwrong // wronglywrongly accused.accused.

55.. Laura is a very shy person who Laura is a very shy person who rarerare // rarelyrarely goes goes out and she does not mix out and she does not mix freefree // freelyfreely with with the other students.the other students.

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66.. She is She is highlyhighly//highhigh regarded in the school as regarded in the school as people can get on with her people can get on with her easilyeasily//easyeasy..

77.. I was not I was not fullfull//fullyfully satisfied with the doctor as he satisfied with the doctor as he had had wrongwrong//wronglywrongly diagnosed my previous diagnosed my previous illness.illness.

88.. "Do you intend to leave shortly/short?" "I think "Do you intend to leave shortly/short?" "I think so. I've so. I've nearlynearly//nearnear finished.” finished.”

99.. He'll He'll surelysurely//suresure get a good grade; he's been get a good grade; he's been studying very studying very hardlyhardly//hardhard for the past year. for the past year.

1010.. I was I was prettilyprettily//pretty pretty embarrassed when I embarrassed when I realised that I had realised that I had hardlyhardly//hardhard enough money to enough money to pay the bill.pay the bill.

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1111.. He came He came lastlast//lastlylastly in the race and was in the race and was prettypretty//prettilyprettily disappointed by his performance. disappointed by his performance.

1212 ..The train goes The train goes directdirect//directlydirectly to Edinburgh to Edinburgh without stopping so it will probably be without stopping so it will probably be fullfull//fullyfully..

1313.. She She freefree//freelyfreely admitted that she had not been admitted that she had not been working very working very hardhard//hardlyhardly recently. recently.

1414.. It is It is widewide//widelywidely believed that politicians are believed that politicians are people who can't be people who can't be fullfull//fullyfully trusted. trusted.

1515.. SureSure//SurelySurely we must be we must be nearnear//nearlynearly there by there by now.now.

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QuiteQuite (= fairly, to some degree) is used(= fairly, to some degree) is used;; inin favourable commentsfavourable comments..

He's He's quitequite good at tennis. good at tennis. beforebefore a/ana/an..

He's He's quitequite aa successful successful businessbusinessman.man. with adverbs, some verbs and adjectives such with adverbs, some verbs and adjectives such

as: as: alone, amazing, brilliant, certain, dead, alone, amazing, brilliant, certain, dead, dreadful, different, exhausted, extraordinary, dreadful, different, exhausted, extraordinary, false, horrible, impossible, perfect, ridiculous, false, horrible, impossible, perfect, ridiculous, right, sure, true, useless right, sure, true, useless etcetc. .

It's It's quitequite certain he committed the crime. certain he committed the crime.

I'm I'm quitequite sure he hasn't told us the truth. sure he hasn't told us the truth.

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RatherRather is used:is used: in in unfavourable commentsunfavourable comments..

She'sShe's rather rather badbad at Maths. at Maths. in in favourable comments meaning "to an favourable comments meaning "to an unusual degree".unusual degree".

The meeting wasThe meeting was ratherrather interesting. interesting.

(it was more interesting than we expected)(it was more interesting than we expected) with with comparative degreecomparative degree. .

She's She's rather rather tallertaller than me. than me. before or after before or after a/ana/an..

It's It's a a ratherrather cold day. cold day.

It's It's rather rather a a cold day.cold day.

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Regular Comparative and Regular Comparative and Superlative FormsSuperlative Forms

Adjectives Adjectives of one syllable add of one syllable add -(e)r/-(e)st-(e)r/-(e)st to form their to form their

comparative and superlative formscomparative and superlative forms.. PositivePositive tall tall close close sadsad Comparative Comparative taller (than)taller (than) closer (than)closer (than) sadder sadder

(than)(than) Superlative Superlative thethe tallest (of/in tallest (of/in)) thethe saddest (of/i saddest (of/in) n) thethe closest closest

(of/in) (of/in)

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of two syllables ending inof two syllables ending in –ly,-y,-w also add –ly,-y,-w also add –er / est–er / est

sillsillierier the sillthe silliestiest narrownarrowerer narrownarrowestest

Of two or more syllablestake more / mostOf two or more syllablestake more / most

moremore modern modern the mostthe most modern modern

moremore beautiful beautiful the mostthe most beautiful beautiful

NOTENOTE: : clever, common, cruel, friendly, clever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, narrow,gentle, narrow,

pleasant, polite, shallow, simple, stupid, pleasant, polite, shallow, simple, stupid, quietquiet form their comparative and form their comparative and superlative forms with superlative forms with –er/-est–er/-est or or more/mostmore/most..