Adipose Tissue IV JONATHAN GRIMWOODEDDIE SMITH LEAH SANDERSLEAH WAGNER Fatty Wap Squad (FWS)
Adipose Tissue EDDIE SMITHLEAH WAGNER LEAH SANDERSJONATHAN GRIMWOOD FWS.
-
Upload
brianne-obrien -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
4
Transcript of Adipose Tissue EDDIE SMITHLEAH WAGNER LEAH SANDERSJONATHAN GRIMWOOD FWS.
Adipose Tissue
EDDIE SMITH LEAH WAGNER
LEAH SANDERS JONATHAN GRIMWOOD
FWS
What is adipose tissue?
Groups of adipocytes (lipid filled cells) that are loosely held together by collagen fibers and connective tissue cells.
Functions Source of energy Heat insulation Mechanical cushioning
What is adipose tissue?
Formed from pre-adipocytes Fat cells that have not yet been filled with lipids Already present in adipose tissues Can grow through adult life
One capillary per adipocyte for improved metabolism Fat is primarily an energy source
Storing energy as another source would be inefficient and limit mobility “Buffer” when energy expenditure is greater than energy intake
http://www.promocell.com/products/human-primary-cells/preadipocytes/
Composition of Adipose Tissue
Two Types White fat cells – most common form; used for energy,
insulation, and cushioning Brown fat cells – metabolically less active; primary
function is to generate body heat; can be activated with cold exposure
Unilocular vs. multilocularUni – single, larger lipid droplet Multi – many smaller droplets
www.sportsci.org
Composition of Adipose Tissue
60-85% Lipids 90-99% Triglycerides
Fatty Acids: myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic
Others: FFA, diglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, cholesterol ester, monoglycerides (change based on diet)
5-30% Water 2-3% Protein
http://www.sportsci.org/encyc/adipose/adipose.html#distrib
How much resides in average adult?
Normal weight adults can have between 15-30% of adipose tissue
Current average is 28-40% body fat, due to recent obesity epidemic.
Even those with normal BMI had high fat % Lower BMI/weighing less does not always mean healthier
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/oby.2010.103/epdf
Mean Percentage Body Fat, by Age Group and Sex --- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), United States, 1999--2004
How much resides in average adult?
Mean Percentage Body Fat, by Age Group and Sex --- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), United States, 1999--2004
Ranges Based on AgeMale
16-19 yo average - 22.9%
60-79 yo average - 30.9%
Female 8-11 yo average - 32.0%
60-79 yo average - 42.4%
How average percentages differ?
American Council on Exercise
How much resides in average adult?
Essential levels of fat are necessary for insulation, protection, and energy purposes
Body uses fat for energy when at rest Lack of sufficient fat stores will prevent the body from
efficiently providing energy to the cells
Where can adipose tissue be found?
Subcutaneous – directly under the deepest layer of skin; insulation
Visceral – near organs; directly related to CVD & Hypertension
www.westlakedermatology.com
Distribution Men – Android/”Apple”
Upper body Waist Abdomen
Women – Gynoid/”Pear” Lower body Hips Thighs Buttocks
Note: Android/”Apple” storage sites are considered to be more dangerous to health because of fat location in relation to important organs.
www.sportsci.org
Determining factors of distribution
Genetics Family history is a great predictor of fat distribution patterns
Gender Male – Upper body (“Apple”)
Female – Lower body (“Pear”)
Age An increase in upper body/visceral fat has been observed in older
women.
“Yo-yo dieting” May increase upper body fat distribution
http://www.sportsci.org/encyc/adipose/adipose.html
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jul;66(1):111-5