ADIKAVI NANNAYA UNIVERSITY, RAJAMAHENDRAVARAM B.Sc ...

Semester Paper Subject Hrs. Credits CCE E.E. Total

Basic concepts ofHorticluture and Soil Science

4 3 25 75 100

Practical - I: Basic concepts ofHorticluture and Soil Science

2 2 - 50 50

Plant propagation methods and Nursery Management

4 3 25 75 100

Practical - II: Plant propagation methods and Nursery Management

2 2 - 50 50

III Olericulture 4 3 25 75 100

Practical - III: Olericulture 2 2 - 50 50

Ornamental Horticulture, Floriculture and Landscaping

4 3 25 75 100

Practical - IV: Ornamental Horticulture, Floriculture and Landscaping

2 2 - 50 50

Concepts of Pomology 3 3 25 75 100

Practical - V: Concepts of Pomology 2 2 - 50 50

Diseases of Horticultural Plants and their Management

3 3 25 75 100

Practical - VI: Diseases of Horticultural Plants and their Management

2 2 - 50 50

A. Breeding of Horticultureal Crops 3 3 25 75 100

Practical: Breeding of Horticultureal Crops

2 2 - 50 50

B. Weed and Water Management in Horticultural Crops

3 3 25 75 100

Practical: Weed and Water Management in Horticultural Crops

2 2 - 50 50

C. Nutrition of Horticultural Crops and its Management

3 3 25 75 100

Practical: Nutrition of Horticultural Crops and its Management

2 2 - 50 50

1. Protected Cultivation of Horticultureal Crops

3 3 25 75 100

Practical: Protected Cultivation of Horticultureal Crops

2 2 - 50 50

2. Post - Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops

3 3 25 75 100

Project Work 2 2 20 30 50

3. Horticulture extension and Value added products

3 3 25 75 100

Practical: Horticulture extension and Value added products

2 2 - 50 50

IV

Sem - III

Sem - IV

II

ISem-I

Sem - II

Sem - VI

Elective - I

Elective - II (Cluster - A)

VII(A/B/C)

Third Year

V

VI

Sem - V

VIII Cluster Elec.

A - 1, 2 & 3

(OR)B-1, 2 &

3

First Year

Second Year

ADIKAVI NANNAYA UNIVERSITY, RAJAMAHENDRAVARAM

B.Sc. HORTICULTURE UNDER CBCS, (W.E.F. 2017-18)

COURSE STRUCTURE

1. Seed Production Technology of Horticultural Crops

3 3 25 75 100

Project Work 2 2 20 30 50

2. Production Technology of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops

3 3 25 75 100

Practical: Production Technology of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops

2 2 - 50 50

3. Production Technology of Spices and Plantation Crops

3 3 25 75 100

Practical: Production Technology of Spices and Plantation Crops

2 2 - 50 50

VIII Cluster Elec.

A - 1, 2 & 3

(OR)B-1, 2 &

3

Elective - II (Cluster - B)


B.Sc. Horticulture (W.E.F 2017-18) Semester - VI, Elective – I

A: BREEDING OF HORTICULTURE CROPS

Unit–I: Classification of plants based on pollination system, floral biology, modes of

reproduction and genetics of important fruits, plantation, vegetable, tuber and spices crops.

History-Breeding objectives, Breeding methods for development of fruits, plantation, vegetable,

tuber and spices crops.

Unit–II: Breeding objectives and Breeding methods for Mango, Guava, Banana and Citrus.

Unit–III: Breeding history and importance of plantation crops. Breeding objectives and

Breeding methods for Tea, Coffee, Cocoa, Oil palm and Cashew nut.

Unit–IV: Methods of breeding of self pollinated vegetables, tubers, spices. Methods of breeding

of cross pollinated vegetables, tubers, spices. Methods of breeding of asexually vegetables,

tubers, spices

Unit–V: Breeding objectives and Breeding methods for Brinjal, Chilli, Okra, Beans,

Cauliflower, Cabbage, Ridge gourd, Bitter gourd, Potato and Onion.

Text books:

1. Nijar 1985. Fruit breeding in india, oxford and IBH publishing Co. New Delhi.

2. Anil kumar shukl., fruit breeding approaches and achievements.

3. Hari hara ram, 2013, vegetable breeding, kalyani publishers.

4. G. kallo vegetable breeding, florida.

ADIKAVI NANNAYA UNIVERSITY, RAJAMAHENDRAVARAM B.Sc. Horticulture (W.E.F 2017-18)

Semester - VI, Elective – I A: BREEDING OF HORTICULTURE CROPS

1. Breeding objectives, floral biology, selfing, emasculation and crossing techniques in mango

2. Breeding objectives, floral biology, selfing, emasculation and crossing techniques in banana

3. Breeding objectives, floral biology, selfing, emasculation and crossing techniques in citrus

4. Breeding objectives, floral biology, selfing, emasculation and crossing techniques in guava

5. Breeding objectives, floral biology, selfing, emasculation and crossing techniques in brinjal

6. Breeding objectives, floral biology, selfing, emasculation and crossing techniques in bitter

gourd Manures



B: Weed and Water Management in Horticulture Crops

Unit - I: Introduction, definition of weed, beneficial and harmful effects of weeds. Classification of weeds – classification based on morphology, life cycle, habitat, origin, association, special features with examples. Crop-weed competition – Principles - critical period of crop – weed competition – Allelopathy. Unit - II: Concepts of weed prevention control and eradication. Methods of weed control physical, mechanical, cultural, chemical and biological methods of weed control – bio-herbicides – integrated weed management.

Herbicides – definition, advantages and limitations of herbicide usage in India – classification of herbicides based on chemical nature, time and method of application and type of formulation. Unit - III: Weed management in vegetables – Leafy vegetables: Palak, Amaranthus, Soral Menthi, Coriander, Curry Leaf; Solanaceous: Tomato, brinjal, Chillies. Cucurbitaceae – Guards and melons Crusifers: Cabbage and cauliflower Peas and Beans: French bean, garden bean, cluster bean Tubers: Potato, yam, sweet potato Perennial vegetables: Little guard, pointed guard, drumstick. Weed management in orchards: Mango, cashewnut, citrus, banana, guava, sapota, grape Weed management in plantation crops: Coconut, oil palm weed management in spices: Ginger, turmeric & chillies. Weed management in nurseries, in Lawns, in flowering plants (Rose, Jasmine and Chrysanthemum). Weed management in green houses – Problematic weeds – nutsedge, Bermuda grass, Parthenium and their control. Unit - IV: Importance of Water – definition – Functions of water in plants and effect of moisture stress on crop growth – Water resources in India and A.P – Irrigation development in India and A.P. before and after independence – Important irrigation projects in India and A.P – Area of different crops under irrigation.

Soil – water relationships – importance of soil, plant and water relationship (SPAC) – physical properties of soil influencing water retention – texture, structure and depth, particle density, bulk density and pore space in relation to moisture retention, movement and availability.

Soil Moisture constants – saturation, field capacity, PWP, hygroscopic coefficient, moisture equivalent, available and unavailable soil moisture – theories of water availability – Kinds of water in soil.

Methods of soil moisture estimation – Direct and indirect methods – gravimetric, volumetric, infra-red, spirit burning, tensiometers, resistance blocks, neutron moisture probe, pressure plate and pressure membrane apparatus – relative merits and demerits – movement of water and distribution of moisture in soil – Infiltration, percolation, permeability and seepage.

Unit - V: Methods of irrigation – classification – surface methods – flooding, check basin, basin border, furrow, surge, cablegation – sub surface irrigation, merits and demerits of irrigation. Economic use of water – irrigation efficiencies – WUE, water conveyance, application and distribution efficiency. Drip irrigation – components – advantages and disadvantages – system layout – clogging problems – types of drip irrigation methods.

Sprinkler irrigation – components – advantages and disadvantages – system layout. Fertigation – definition, methods – merits and demerits. Water management in horticultural crops – mango, citrus, grapes, coconut, guava, tomato, chillies, onion, turmeric, brinjal, gourds, water melon and musk melon. Text Books:

1. Guta, O.P.2000 – Modern Weed management – Agribios (India), Jodhpur. 2. Rao, V.S. 2000 - Principles of Weed Sceience – Oxford & IBH Publishing Company,

New Delhi. 3. Dastane N G 1967-A Practical Manual for Use Research NavaBharat Publications, Pune. 4. Misra R D and Ahmed M 1987 – Manual on irrigation agronomy – Oxford and IBH

publishing co.Ltd, New Delhi. 5. Monograph 4, 1977 – Water requirement of Crops in India. ICAR, New Delhi.



B: Weed and Water Management in Horticulture Crops-Practical

1. Determination of soil moisture content by thermo gravimetric method.

2. Installation and working of tensiometer.

3. Installation and working of gypsum blocks.

4. Installation and working of neutron moisture meter.

5. Estimation of soil moisture constants (Field capacity)

6. Estimation of PWP by field method.

7. Scheduling irrigation using IW/CPE method.

8. Calculation of irrigation water needs

9. Layout of surface methods of irrigation.

10. Measurement of irrigation water by using water measuring devices.

11. Estimation of irrigation efficiency and water requirement of horticultural crops.

12. Study on soil moisture conservation practices.


B.Sc. Horticulture (W.E.F 2017-18) Semester VI, Elective - I

C: Nutrition of Horticultural Crops and its Management

Unit - I: Definition and concepts of manures and fertilizers

1. Introduction – definition – difference between manures and fertilizers – classification of

manures and (Bulky & Concentrated )with suitable examples -importance of manures in

Soil fertility management.

2. Definitions of penning, sewages, sullage, sludge and poudrette. Concentrated organic

manures - Oil cakes, Blood meal, Bone meal, fish meal, Meat meal and Guano

3. Compost and composting-different methods of composting including the starters and raw

meterials, details of methods of preparations of rural and urban compost . Mechanical

compost plants-Vermic composting .

4. Bulky organic manures-Preparation of FYM – Methods of collection and storage .Losses

of nutrients from FYM during collection and storage ways to minimize these losses .

5. Biogas plant – principles of operation and its advantages .Green manures and green leaf

manures.

Unit - II:

1. Commercial fertilizers – Nitrogenous fertilizers – Manufacturing of Ammonia –

Manufacturing process and properties of nitrogenious fertilizers viz, Ammonia,

Ammonium sulphate.

2. Manufacturing process and properties of major nitrogenios fertilizers viz. Urea and

calicium ammonium nitrate . Slow releasing N Fertilizers .

3. Potassic fertilizers – Meneral sources - Manufacturing process and properties of

Muriate of potash and sulphate of potash – mode of action of N ,P and K fertilizers in

soil.

4. Phospatic fertilizers -Rock phosphate-uses –occurrences ,Types and properties .

Manufacturing process and properties of SSP , TSP and Basic slag .

Unit - III:

1. Secondary and micronutrient fertilizers – Conditions leading to their deficiency

importance of uses of different sources of secondary and micronutrient and their content.

Mode of action of “S “ fertilizers in soils.

2. Compound and Complex fertilizers used in India , MA[, DAP , UAP ,APS Nitro

phosphates and NPK complexs , manufacturing process and properties.

3. Mixed and bulk blended fertilizers . Dry and wet process of mixing –advantages and

Disadvantages of mixed fertilizers over straight fertilizers .Physical and chemical

problems Associated in their preparation . Compability of fertilizers.

Unit – IV:

1. Granulation , unit value , grade and ratio of fertilizers .Computation of fertilizers mixture

Combined application of fertilizers and Agricultural chemicals – Precautions and

Compatibility. Biofetilizers – Methods of preparations, Uses of biofertilizers in

agriculture, Horticulture and sericulture.

2. Fertilizer and efficiency-soil, plant, and fertilizer and management factors influencing

FUE –Measures to improve the use of N,P and K fertilizers.

Unit - V:

1. FUE in relation to balanced fertilization and soil moisture supply. Direct and residual

effects of fertilizers and minures. Foliar nutrition of crops- importance and limitations.

2. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) :For agriculture and Horticultural crops-Need

Components, Nutrint Grains, contrantraints and Prosepects of adopting INM

3. Quality control of fertilizers – FCO (1957) – ITS IMPORTANCE AND RGULATIONS

SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR IMPORTANCE CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS –

UREA ,SSP, MOP,DAP and Zinc Sulphate.

Text Books:

1. Yawalkar, K.S Agarwal, J.P. and Bokde, S. 1977. Manures and Fertilizer Agri-

Horticultural Publishing House, Nagapur.

2. Seothavanam, S. Biswas, B.C. Maheswari, S. and Yadav, D.S. 1986 – Hand Book on

Fertilizers Technology – The Fertilizers Association of India, New Delhi.

3. Tisdale, S.L. Nelson, W.L. and Beaton J.D. 1993 Soil Fertilizer and Fertilizers – Mac

Millan, Publising Co. New York.


B.Sc. Horticulture (W.E.F 2017-18) Semester VI, Elective - I

C: Nutrition of Horticultural Crops and its Management-Practicals

1. Sampling of organic manures and fertilizers for chemical analysis.

2. Physical properties of manures and fertilizers.

3. Quick tests for identification of important fertilizers.

4. Detection of adulteration in fertilizers

5. Estimation of ammonical nitrogen in ammonical fertilizers (Ammonium sulphate) 6. Estimation of nitrate nitrogen and ammonical nitrogent (Ammonium nitrate) 7. Estimation of total nitrogen Urea 8. Estimation of Total nitrogen in Farm Yard manure 9. Estimation of water soluble P2O5 in SSP

10. Estimation of Potassium in MOP/SOP

11. Estimation of Zinc in Zinc sulphate

12. Determination of Calcium in SSP or Lime

13. Determination of Sulphur in SSP or Gypsum

14. Working out quantities and doses of fertilizers for application to the field

15. Visit to fertilizer testing laboratory

16. Visit to vermicomposting unit


B.Sc. Horticulture (W.E.F 2017-18) Semester VI – Elective – II,

Cluster – A: Protected Cultivation of Horticultural Crops

Unit-I: Importance and scope. Current status of protected cultivation in India. Problems/

constraints of greenhouse cultivation and future strategies. Classification of protected structures-

green house, poly house, protected nursery house, vegetable grafting sheds.

Unit-II: Planning and design of greenhouse, design criteria of green house for cooling and

heating purposes. Green house equipment, materials of construction for traditional and low cost

green house.

Unit-III: Soil culture-type of soil required, drainage, flooding and leaching, soil pasteurization.

Soil less culture- advantages, disadvantages. Types of growing media in peat moss and mixture,

rock wool and other inert media. NFT, hydroponics and aeroponics.

Unit-IV: Irrigation and fertigation systems used in green houses. Choice of selection of crops

for green house cultivation (Tomato, Capsicum, Cucumber)

Unit-V: Hi-tech protected cultivation, plant protection and post harvest handling techniques for

a) Tomato, b) Capsicum, c) Cucumber

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Balraj Singh. 2006. Protected cultivation of vegetables crops. Kalyani publishers,

Ludhiana

2. Brahma Singh, 2014. Advances in protected cultivation. New India publishing Agency.

New Delhi.

3. Reddy, p. parvatha.2011. Sustainable crop protection under protected cultivation.

Springer publications. USA


B.Sc. Horticulture (W.E.F 2017-18) Semester VI – Elective – II,

Cluster – A: Protected Cultivation of Horticultural Crops-Practical

1. Study of different types of green houses based on shape, construction and cladding

materials.

2. Estimation of drying rate of agriculture products inside green house.

3. Soil sampling and testing to study its suitability for growing crops in green house.

4. The study on Pro-trays based nursery raisings.

5. Visit to commercial green house.

6. Study the economics of protected cultivation.


B.Sc. Horticulture (W.E.F 2017-18) Semester VI – Elective II,

Cluster – A: POST - HARVEST TECHNOLOGY OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS

Unit I: Importance of post harvest technology of horticultural crops Importance of fruits and

vegetables – Nutritional aspects. National Economy, area and productyion of fruits and

vegetables in India and Andhra Pradesh, extent PHT losses, factors affecting for post harvest

losses (A) Primary causes (i) Mechanical injury (ii) Pathological action (iii) Environmental

Factors (B) Secondary causes: Storage and Mathematical facilities.

Unit – II: Factors responsible for deterioration of horticulture procedure, 1. Respiration, 2.

Transpiration, 3.Ethylene, 4.Mechanical damages, 5.Pest and diseases-pests;

Fruit flies (Decus species), control measures – Orchard sanitation and adult trapping.

Diseases (Pathogen) - Collectotrichumsp. Botrytis, Xanthomonas Phytophthora, Aspergullus,

Rhizophus and its control measures. Post harvest control measure – cold sterilization, Lonshing

radiation – Di – electric heating hot water treatment, vapour heat treatment, Physiological

disorder – internal browing black heart chilling and freezing injury

Unit – III: Fruit ripening: Physiological and bio chemical changes: Physiological – softening.

Physiological Loss in weight (PLW), texture, respiration and transpiration, Bio-chemical

changes –change in carbohydrates Organic acids, pigments, phenolic compounds, flavoring

compounds, enzyme activity.

Maturity indices: Definition of maturity, methods to determine maturity-visual means,

physical methods, chemical methods, computation, physiological methods - maturity indices for

fruits – banana grapes, sweet orange, mango, papaya pineapple and guava, cucumber, beans,

onions, watermelon and muskmelon, lemon.

Harvesting: Definition, methods of harvesting, manual harvesting, mechanical harvesting –

Advantages and disadvantages.

Unit - IV: Handling (1) Removal of heat of the procedure – Pre cooling, methods of pre cooling

– Hydro cooling, Vacuum cooling, air cooling and contact icing. (2) Pre packing –Definition,

curing degreening disintfestations and waxing. (3) Packing house operations - cleaning, grading

and packing – Handling sequences of pack house operations (4) Damage in the transport

brushing –compact and impact injuries.

Grading: Definition, Benefits of grading, types of grading – colour grading and grading for

size. Methods for grading - hand grading, machine sizing Harvesting handling and grading of

cut flowers Anthurium, grerbera, lily, orchids, rose and tuberose.

UNIT V: Active packing: major active packing systems, 1. Oxygen scavenging systems, 2.

Moisture absorbing and controlling system, 3. Co2 generating system, 4.Ethnol generators, 5.

Ethylene absorbents, 6. Edible coatings, 7. Bio-packings.

Paper board and fiber board, Vacuum packaging and shrink films, Grape guard packing

treatments, Mode of transport: By road

(i) Truck or rail way wagon

(ii) Sea or water way by ship or barges and by Air Craft.

Text Books:

1. Thompson, A.K. 1996-Post harvest Technology of fruits and vegetables – Blackwell

Science, London.

2. Pandey, P.H. 1998 – Principles and practice of post harvest technology – Kalyani

Publishers, Ludiana.

3. Sudheer, K.P 2007- Post harvest technology of horticultural crops-New India, Publishing

Agency, New Delhi.

4. Bhatti Suman 1995-Fruit and vegetable processing – Vame, CBS Publishers &

Distributors, New Delhi.


B.Sc. Horticulture (W.E.F 2017-18) Semester – VI, Elective – II

Cluster – A: Horticulture Extension and Value added Products

Unit – I: Different types of communication systems for extension. Unit–II: Identification and documentation – propagation in medicinal crops. Visit to commercial medicinal plants field, Visit to GMP. Packing of medicinal and aromatic plants using different packing materials. Waxing, methods of storage. Drying technology of medicinal plants. Unit–III: Identification of major spices and plantation crops varieties – Rapid multiplication technique and nursery management. Unit–IV: Equipment used in food processing unit, preparation of beverages – Squash, Nectar, Cordial, Crush, Syrup, Wine and juice concentrate, preservation with sugar – Jam, Jelly, Candy, Preserve, Glazed Candies and Crystallized fruits preservation with salt & vinegar – Pickle, Chutney, Sauce – dehydration of horticultural produces, by products from waste – freezing of fruit and vegetables, canning of fruit and vegetables – value added product from spices, preparation of herbal drinks quality control of value added products – quality analysis of horticulture produces – visit to food processing industries, spice and coffee board. Text Books:

1. Jitendra singh. 2008. Species and Plantation Crops. Aavishkar Publishers, Distributors. Jaipur.

2. Tiwari, R.S and Ankur Agarwal 2004. Production Technology of spices. International book distributing Co., Lucknow.

3. Farooqi, M.M. Khan and M. Vasundhara. 2004. Produciton Technology of Medicinal and Aromatics Crops. Publ. Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bengalore.



Cluster - B: Seed Production Technology of Horticultural Crops

Unit - I: Introduction to seed production-concept of seed technology-seed quality-definitions

of seed technology-objectives goals of seed technology-importance of seed production.

Definitions of seed-differences between grain and seed – classes of seed Importance and scope of

vegetable seed production in India and principles of Vegetable seed production.

Unit – II: Seed extraction-methods of seed extraction, Seed drying-methods of seed drying-sun

drying-forced air drying-principles of forced air drying-properties of air and their effects on seed

drying-moisture, Equilibrium between seed and air - drying zones in seed bin drying-forced

air drying method.

Seed drying –heated air drying system-building requirements-types of distribution

system and seed drying-multiple bin storages-selection of crop dryers and systems of heated

air drying- recommended temperature and depth for heated air drying of various crop seeds in

bin-management of seed drying operation. Seed cleaning-principles and methods cleaning seeds-

air screen machine -principles of cleaning-parts of air screen cleaner – upgrading the quality of

Cleaned seeds - different upgrading machines, their principles of operation and uses

Unit – III: Seed treatment-benefits-types of seed treatment – conditions under which seed

must be treated - seed treating products-equipment used for seed treatment-colouring of

seeds – causes of poor treatment-precautions to be taken during seed treatment Seed packing -

operations in packing- equipments used for packing of seeds-types of bags and packing sizes.

Seed storage - categories of seeds –orthodox and recalcitrant seed s-factors effecting seed

longevity in storage and conditions required for good storage-general principles of seed storage,

Seed marketing – marketing structure and organization.

Unit – IV: Seed testing-objectives of seed testing-international seed testing Association (ISTA)

and Association of Official seed certifying Agencies (AOSCA) - establishment of Seed Testing

Laboratory (STL) - seed testing procedures for quality assessment. Seed purity analysis

methods in different horticultural crops. Seed dormancy - seed germination-seed viability –

seed vigor – seed health and seed moisture .

Unit – V: Seed certification - History of seed certification-procedure for seed certification World

Trade Organization (WTO) - objectives and functions –Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) -

Plant Breaders Rights (PBR) - benefits of PBR – disadvantages of PBR-Protection of Plant

Variety and Farmes” Rights (PPV and FR)Act.

Text Books:

1. Prem singh arya 2003 - Vegetabl breading, production and seed production -kalyani

publishers, New Delhi.

2. Ratan Lal Agarwal,1995-seed technology-oxford & IBH, New Delhi. Singh, sp.2001-

seedproduction of 1st Edition commercial vegetables Agro-Tech Publishing Udaipur

Vanangamudi, k 2006-Adavances in seed science. Nata Rajan, T.saravanan,

M.Bhasakaran, A.Bharathi, P.Nateshan, K. Malarkodi Agrobios (India) Jodhpur.

3. Nemgal sing, PK sing, YK singand Verendra kumar - vegetable seed production

technology 2006,International book distributing co., Lacknow.

4. Khare,D and Bhole M S 2000-seed technology. Scientific Publishers (India) Jaipur

5. Thomson J R 1979-An introduction of seed technology-Leonard of Hill, London

6. Agarwal P K and Dadlani M 1986-Techniques in seed science and technology-South

Asian Publishers, New Delhi.

7. Agarwal P k 1994-Principles of seed Technology, Agarwal RL 1996 seed Technology.



Cluster – B, Practical: Seed Production Technology of Horticultural Crops-Practical

1. Study of seed structure., colour size ,shape and texture.

2. Seed extraction in different crops.

3. Purity analysis in different crops .

4. Germination analysis I n different crops

5. Seed viability test.

6. Seed vigour tests.

7. Seed certification procedure indifferent vegetables crops.

8. Study of seed production plots-hybrid seed production plots of cole crops .

9. Study of seed production plots –hybrid seed production plots of root

vegetables

10. Study of seed production plots –hybrid seed production plots of bulb crops.

11. Study of seed production plots -hybrid seed production plots of solanaceous

vegetables.

12. Study of seed production plots-hybrid seed production plots of cucurbits.

13. Study of seed production plots –hybrid seed production plots of okra and leafy

vegetables.

14. Study of seed production plots-hybrid seed production plots of spices –turmeric and

ginger.

15. Study of seed production plots-hybrid seed production plots of leguminous and exotic

vegetables.

16. Visit to seed plant.



Cluster - B: Production Technology of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops

Unit-I: History, importance, present status (export and import), future prospects and constraints

in the cultivation of medicinal plants.

Unit-II: Medicinal plants – importance of medicinal plants –production technology of Diosorea,

Prewinkle, Aloe, Asparagus and Costus

Unit-III: Medicinal plants –production technology of 1. Phyllanthus, 2. Solanum, 3. Coleus, 4.

Belladona, 5. Ashwagandha

Unit-IV: History, importance, present status (export and import), future prospects, opportunities

and consistent in the cultivation of aromatic plants.

Unit-V: Aromatic plants –Importance – essential oil industry in India – properties of essential oils –

production technology of 1. Mint, 2. Ocimum, 3. Lemongrass, 4. Citronella, 5. Palmorosa, 6.

Geranium, 7. Vettivar, 8. Patchoul

Reference book:

1. EIRI Board. (2007). Handbook of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Cultivation,

Utilisation and Extraction.

2. Atul, C.K. and Kapur, B.K. (1982). Cultivation and Utilization of Madicinal plants.

RRL., CSIR, Jammu-Tawi

3. Gunther, E. (1975). The essential oils. Robert, K Krieger Pub. Co., New York.



Cluster-B: Production Technology of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops-Practical

1. Collection of locally available medicinal plants, Plant description and preparation of

Herbarium.

2. Collection of locally available Aromatic plants, Plant description and preparation of

Herbarium.

3. Morphological description of locally available medicinal plants.

4. Morphological description of locally available Aromatic plants.

5. Propagation and nursery techniques for important medicinal plants

6. Propagation and nursery techniques for important Aromatic plants.

7. Harvesting techniques for important medicinal plants.

8. Harvesting techniques for important aromatic plants.



Cluster - B: Production Technology of Spices and Plantation Crops

Unit-I: History, scope and importance, present status, area and production, uses, export potential

and role in Indian economy, Classification of spices.

Unit-II: History and development, Scope and importance, area and production, export and

import potential of plantation crops, role in national and state economy.

Unit-III: Spices- Production Technology of Cardamom, Black pepper, Betel vine, Ginger,

Turmeric, Clove and Nutmeg

Unit-IV: Spices- Production Technology of Cinnamon, Curry leaf, Coriander, Fenugreek,

Fennel, Cumin and Saffron

Unit-V: Plantation- Production technology of Coconut, Arecanut, Oil palm, Cocoa, Cashew nut,

Coffee, Tea

Reference books:

1. Introduction to spices, Plantation crops and aromatic plants. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.

2. Kumar, N.J.B. M. Md. Abdulkhaddar, Ranga swamy, P. and Irrulappan, I. 1997.

3. Shanmugavelu, K.G. Kumar, N and Peter, K.V., 2005. Production technology of spices and

plantation crops.. Agrosis, Jodhpur.

4. Shanmugavelu, K.G. and Madhava Rao, 1977, Spices and Plantation crops. Madras

popular Book depot.



Cluster -B: Production Technology of Spices and Plantation Crops-Practical

1. Identification of spices seeds

2. Preparation and submission of specimens of spices and condiments

3. Seed treatment , Sowing layout and planting methods of Spices and condiments

4. Intercultural operations, Harvesting and processing, grading of Spices and condiments.

5. Different methods of tapping of rubber

6. Raising of nursery and nursery management in cocoa

7. Layout and planting of coconut, Areca nut and oil palm, cashew nut, cocoa.

ADIKAVI NANNAYA UNIVERSITY, RAJAMAHENDRAVARAM B.Sc ...

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