Global Warming Potential Expanded: The Cumulative Global Warming Potential of HFC – 134a
Adiabatic Capillary Tube Test Data for HFC-134a
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8/20/2019 Adiabatic Capillary Tube Test Data for HFC-134a
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Purdue University
Purdue e-Pubs
I$+ R$%&$ # A C#&C%$$$
S'+ % M$'+ E&$$&
1992
Adiabatic Capillary Tube Test Data for HFC-134aH. Wijaya Allied-Signal Inc.
F++6 ' # ##+ 6* : '://#.+!.#$.$#/
8 #$ ' !$$ #$ 5+!+$ '&' P#$ $-P!, $ 5$ % '$ P#$ U5$7 L!$. P+$$ $!@#$.$# %
##+ %.
C+$$ $$#& 7 !$ 0$# # CD-ROM #$+7 % '$ R7 W. H$* L!$ '://$&$$&.#$.$#/
H$*/E5$/#$+.'+
W7, H., "A#! C++7 T!$ T$ D % HFC-134" (1992). International Reigeration and Air Conditioning Conference.P$ 142.'://#.+!.#$.$#//142
http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/?utm_source=docs.lib.purdue.edu%2Firacc%2F142&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc?utm_source=docs.lib.purdue.edu%2Firacc%2F142&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc?utm_source=docs.lib.purdue.edu%2Firacc%2F142&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://docs.lib.purdue.edu/me?utm_source=docs.lib.purdue.edu%2Firacc%2F142&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc?utm_source=docs.lib.purdue.edu%2Firacc%2F142&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttps://engineering.purdue.edu/Herrick/Events/orderlit.htmlhttps://engineering.purdue.edu/Herrick/Events/orderlit.htmlhttps://engineering.purdue.edu/Herrick/Events/orderlit.htmlhttps://engineering.purdue.edu/Herrick/Events/orderlit.htmlhttp://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc?utm_source=docs.lib.purdue.edu%2Firacc%2F142&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://docs.lib.purdue.edu/me?utm_source=docs.lib.purdue.edu%2Firacc%2F142&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc?utm_source=docs.lib.purdue.edu%2Firacc%2F142&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc?utm_source=docs.lib.purdue.edu%2Firacc%2F142&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://docs.lib.purdue.edu/?utm_source=docs.lib.purdue.edu%2Firacc%2F142&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
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E
q.
2)
Th
e
ma
ss
eq
ua
tio
n
fo r
ste
ad
y
flow
:
M
VA
p Eq.3)
By
s
ub
sti t
uti
ng
Eq
. 3
in
to
Eq
. 2
a
nd
re
ar r
an
gin
g t
he
re
su
lt u
sin
g
A
~ 7r
D
4 ):
:iF
_
IJ L
p
rc
/4
D
5
S
ol
vin
g E
q.
4
fo r
m
as
s f
low
ra
te,
M
:
M
~
I
J P
r
c/4
D
5
IJ L
E
q.
4)
E
q.
5 )
It
is
cle
ar
fro
m
Eq
.
5 th
at
an
in
cr
ea s
e
in
fric
tio
n f
act
or
by
28
or
35
wi
ll le
ad
to
a
de
cr
ea
se
in
ma
ss
flo
w
by
12
an
d
14
res
pe
ctiv
el
y a
ss
um
ing
o
th e
r t
hin
gs
ar
e h
el
d
co
ns
ta n
t.
It
is v
er
y i
m p
or
ta n
t to
n
ote
th
at
th
is s
im
pl i
fie d
a
na
lys
is
on l
y c
on
sid
er
s f
low
in
liq
uid
re
gio
n.
I
n r
ea l
ity,
th
e f
low
In a
ca
pi l
lar
y t
ub
e c
on
sis
ts
of
sin
gle
a
nd
tw
o p
ha
se
flo
ws
.
Ho
we
ve
r,
the
an
al
ys i
s d
on
e
ab o
ve
s
how
s
th
at t
he
su
rfa
ce
ro
ug
hn
es
s m
ay
affect the mas s flow
in
a capillary tube.
I
n
the
pr
es
en
t s
tud
y,
the
s
ur f
ace
ro
ug
hn
es
s
of t
he
ca
pil
la r
y t
ube
s
us
ed
in
the
e
xp
erim
e
nts
w
as
no
t t
he
m
ain
fo
cu
s.
Co
ns
eq
ue
ntl
y,
in o
rd
er
to
ge
ne
ra t
e c
on
sis
te
nt
·e
xp
eri
me
nta
l d
at
a,
the
ca
pi
lla r
y t
ub
es
us
ed
w
ere
a
ll o
bta
ine
d
fro
m
the
s
am
e
m
an
ufa
ct
ure
r.
F
or
ce
rta
in
re f
rig
era
nts
,
it is
a
co
m m
o
n p
ra
ctic
e
to
at t
ac
h t
he
ca
pi ll
ary
tu
be
to
the
s
uc
tio
n li
ne
. T
hi
s i
s d
on
e t
o r
ed
uc e
th
e
re f
rig
era
nt
qu
al i
ty
at t
he
tu
be
ex
it.
A
s a
res
ult
, th
e
ef f
icie
nc
y o
f a
re
fri
ge
ra t
ion
sy
ste
m
w
ill b
e
inc
rea
se
d.
It
ca
n b
e
sh
ow
n
th e
rm
od
yn
am
ica
lly
th
at
fo r
C
FC
·12
a
nd
H
FC
·1 3
4a
th
e
sys
tem
e
ffi
cie
nc
y o
f a
re f
rig
era
tio
n
un
it m ay be impro ved if the cap illary tu be
is
attached to the suction line.
Ho
we
ve
r, t
he
ad
ia
bat
ic
ca
pill
ary
tu
be
te
st
dat
a f
or
HF
C
·13
4a
is
an
im
po
rta
nt
fir
st
ste
p
to
pro
vi
de
so
me
in
sig
ht
s a
nd
p
oin
t o
f r
efe
ren
ce
in
an
al
yz i
ng
th
e n
on
·a d
ia
ba
tic
ca
pil l
ary
tu
be
p
erf
orm
a
nce
.
I
n th i
s s
tu
dy,
co
rre
la
tion
s
of
ad
iab
at i
c c
ap
illa
ry
tub
e
pe
rfo
rm
an
ce
f
or
HF
C·
13
4a
ar
e p
res
en
te
d.
Th
e
an
aly
sis
of
n o
n·
adi
ab
ati
c c
ap
illa
ry
tu b
e
per
fo r
ma
nc
e
f
or
HF
C·
13
4a
wi
ll f
o llo
w
up
on
th
e c
om
pl
eti
on
o
f th i
s s
tud
y.
T
es
t F
a
cil i
ty
Th
e
te s
t f
ac i
lity
is
sh
ow
n
in
Fig
ure
2
. I
t is
a
sta
nd
ar
d v
ap
or
co
mp
re
ss
ion
cy
cle
wi
th
the
a
dd
itio
ns
o
f a
su
bco
ol
er,
a
su
pe
rhe
ate
r
an d
a
n o
il
sep
ar
ato
r.
C
on
den
se
r /e
va
po
ra
to r
T
he
c
on
de
nse
r
is a
c
oa
xia
l h
eat
ex
ch
an
ge
r w
ith
re
fr ig
er
an
t fl
ow
ing
in
th
e i
nn
er
tub
e
a
nd
wa
te
r fl
ow
ing
in
th
e
an n
ul
us .
T
he
in
let
w a
te
r te
m
per
atu
re
is
co
ntr
oll
ed
by
an
ele
ctr
ic
hea
te
r a
nd
th
e f
low
ra
te
by
a
ne
ed
le
va l
ve.
F
or
th
e e
va
po
ra t
or,
an
e
lec
tr ic
h
eat
er
wit
h
a
n ad
jus
ta
ble
po
w
er
Inp
ut
is
us e
d
as
th
e h
ea
t s
ou
rce
.
65
-
8/20/2019 Adiabatic Capillary Tube Test Data for HFC-134a
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8/20/2019 Adiabatic Capillary Tube Test Data for HFC-134a
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J
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Figure
4.
Effect of
oil
c
irc
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la
ti
on
F
ig
u
re
5
.
E
ffe
c
t
of
o
il
c
ir
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03
3
in
c
he
s
I
ns
id
e
d
ia
m
e
te
r
s
w
er
e
te
s
te
d
.
A
r
an
g
e
o
f
c
on
d
e
ns
in
g
t
em
pe
r
at
ur
e
s
fr
om
1
0
0°
F
t
o
1
3
0°
F
w
i
th
1
0
°
F
to
3
0°
F
o
f
s
ub
c
o
ol
in
g
w
a
s
c
ho
s
en
fo
r
th
e
o
p
er
a
tin
g
c
o
n
di
tio
n
s.
T
he
ex
it
p
re
s
su
r
e
a
t t
h
e
ca
p
il
la
ry
tubes was uncontro lled since the discharg e was
s
on
ic
.
T
h
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
th
e
c
ap
i
lla
ry
t
u
be
le
n
gt
h
s
te
s
te
d
w
a
s
5
f
t
t
o
1
0
ft
.
H
o
w
ev
e
r,
fo
r
th
e
0.
02
6
i
nc
h
e
s
in
si
de
di
am
et
er
,
tu
b
e
le
n
gt
h
s
w
er
e
li
m
it
ed
t
o
9
f
t
an
d
t
he
de
g
re
e
s
o
f
su
b
c
oo
li
ng
w
er
e
li
m
ite
d
f
ro
m
20
°
F
t
o
3
0
° F
.
Th
e
r
e
as
o
n
w
a
s
t
h
at
b
e
yo
n
d
th
e
s
e
ra
n
g
es
t
h
e
c
ap
il
la
ry
t
ub
e
e
x
it
p
re
s
su
re
w
a
s
b
e
lo
w
a
t
m
os
p
h
er
ic
p
re
s
s
ur
e
.
Fi
gu
r
e 6
s
ho
w
s
t
he
ty
p
ica
l
p
lo
t
of
t
em
pe
r
at
ur
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
lo
n
g
n
a
di
a
ba
ti
c
ca
p
ill
ar
y
tu
b
e
.
T
he
flo
w
in
si
de
a
ca
p
il
la
ry
tu
b
e
m
a
y
b
e
b
r
ok
e
n
in
to
tw
o
r
e
gi
on
s
:
liq
u
id
an
d
t
w
o
-p
h
as
e
f
lo
w
s.
F
or
a
g
iv
e
n
in
le
t
s
ub
c
o
ol
in
g,
t
h
e
re
fr
ig
e
ra
n
t e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
pr
e
ss
u
re
d
r
op
s
as
It f
lo
w
s.
In
t
hi
s
re
g
io
n
th
e
.
te
m
p
er
a
tu
re
o
f
re
f
rig
e
ra
n
t
re
m
a
in
s
u
nc
h
a
ng
e
d
a
s
d
e
pi
ct
ed
by
sm
o
o
th
an
d
s
tr
a
ig
ht
l
in
es
.
A
s
t
he
pr
e
ss
u
re
d
r
op
in
cr
e
as
e
s,
part
of
the re fr ig
er
a
nt
f
la
sh
e
s
in
to
va
p
or
.
T
h
e
p
o
in
t w
h
e
re
re
fr
ig
er
a
nt
f
lo
w
b
e
co
m
e
s
tw
o
-p
h
a
se
flo
w
is
c
al
le
d
th
e
f
la
sh
po
in
t
.
T
he
fla
s
h
p
oi
n
t
is
n
ot
the saturation
te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
a
t t
he
op
e
ra
t
in
g
p
re
ss
u
re
si
nc
e
m
e
ta
s
ta
b
le
o
r
s
up
e
rh
e
a
te
d
li
qu
id
re
g
io
n
d
o
e
s
e
xis
t
in
a
ca
p
ill
ar
y
tu
b
e
[
5]
.
B
e
y
on
d
t
hi
s
p
oi
n
t t
he
te
m
p
er
a
tu
re
o
f
re
fr
ig
er
a
nt
is
d
r
op
p
in
g
a
s
d
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8/20/2019 Adiabatic Capillary Tube Test Data for HFC-134a
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8/20/2019 Adiabatic Capillary Tube Test Data for HFC-134a
10/10
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