Adhoc TechnologiesMANET

WSNVANET

By Shashi Gurung

Assistant Professor

CTIEMT

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Introduction MANET

• A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is an autonomous system of nodes (MSs) connected by wireless links.

• A MANET does not necessarily need support from any existing network infrastructure like an Internet gateway or other fixed stations.

• The network’s wireless topology may dynamically change in an unpredictable manner since nodes are free to move.

• Information is transmitted in a store-and forward manner using multi hop routing.

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Introduction (Cont’d)

• Each node is equipped with a wireless transmitter and a receiver with an appropriate antenna.

• We assume that it is not possible to have all nodes within each other’s radio range.

• When the nodes are close-by i.e., within radio range, there are no routing issues to be addressed.

• At a given point in time, wireless connectivity in the form of a random multi-hop graph exists between the nodes.

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A Mobile Ad Hoc Network

MS3

MS2

MS4

MS1

MS5

MS6

MS2

MS7Symmetric link

Asymmetric link

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Characteristics of Ad Hoc Networks

• Dynamic topologies: Network topology may change dynamically as the nodes are free to move.

• Bandwidth-constrained, variable capacity links:Realized throughput of wireless communication is less than the radio’s maximum transmission rate. Collision occurs frequently.

• Energy-constrained operation: Some nodes in the ad hoc network may rely on batteries or other exhaustible means for their energy.

• Limited physical security: More prone to physical security threats than fixed cable networks.

Introduction to WSN• A sensor network is composed of a large number of

sensor nodes,

– which are densely deployed either inside the phenomenon or very close to it.

• It consist of A large number of low-cost, low-power, multifunctional, and small sensor nodes.

• Sensor node consists of sensing, data processing, and communicating components

Introduction

• The differences between sensor networks and ad hoc networks are outlined below:

– The number of sensor nodes in a sensor network is much more than the nodes in an ad hoc network.

– Sensor nodes are densely deployed.

– Sensor nodes are prone to failures.

– The topology of a sensor network changes very frequently.

Introduction

• The differences between sensor networks and ad hoc networks are outlined below:

– Sensor nodes mainly use broadcastcommunication paradigm whereas most ad hoc networks are based on point-to-pointcommunications.

– Sensor nodes are limited in power, computationalcapacities, and memory.

Sensor networks communication architecture

The sensor nodes are usually scattered in a sensor fieldEach of these scattered sensor nodes has the capabilities to collect data and route data back to the sink

The sink may communicate with the task manager node via Internet or Satellite.

VANET• A VANET consists of vehicles to form a network

which is similar to a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). However, there are following differences between these two networks.

– Vehicles mobility• Vehicles move at high speed but mobility is regular and

predictable

– Network topology• High speed movement makes network topology dynamic

– No significant power constraint• Recharging batteries from vehicle

– Localization• Vehicles position estimate accurately through GPS systems or on-

board sensors

VANET

Roadside

base station

Inter-vehicle

communications

Vehicle-to-roadside

communications

Emergency

event

• THANKYOU