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Adhesives The Adhesives Magazine of Evonik Industries Issue 04 | 15

DYNACOLL®: New low-emission polyesters for the automotive industry

Dynasylan®: Innovative silane adhesion promoters for low energy surfaces

POLYVEST® HT: Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene for adhesive and sealant applications

Solutions for the Adhesives & Sealants Industry.

The Evonik Adhesives & Sealants Industry Team.

Adhesives – The Adhesives Magazine of Evonik Industries 04 | 15 The Adhesives Magazine of Evonik Industries 04 | 15

32

04 Evonik´s world of Adhesives

06 Dynasylan®: Innovative silane adhesion promoters for low energy surfaces

09 DYNACOLL® Terra: Bio-based polyester polyols reduce carbon footprint

10 Outlook: Low-emission polyester thanks to DYNACOLL®

12 Evonik and Shell MDS (Malaysia) extend their sales partnership for synthetic Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) hardwaxes

14 Shell GTL Sarawax SX 80: An innovative synthetic Gas-to-Liquid hard paraffin wax with low drop point

15 POLYVEST® HT holds fast. Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene for adhesive and sealant applications

18 Hot stuff: DEGALAN® heat seal binder from Evonik

20 DYNACOLL® for effective flame retardancy

21 PU dispersions better with VESTOPLAST®

21 New methacrylate monomers for the adhesives industry from the VISIOMER® brand

22 Evonik´s Adhesive Resins: Innovation is in the air

15

06

22

Dear Readers, Being a global leading specialty chemical company in a dynamic environ-ment requires creativity and a passion for innovation. When it comes to the Adhesives & Sealants Industry, Evonik is delivering both, creativity to develop new products which influence the properties of end-products, as well as the passion for engaging in customer “problems” and the ambition to solve them. In the second edition of Evonik’s Adhesives magazine you will discover some of the outcomes of this strength in innovation: for instance, in flame retardant adhesives based on DYNACOLL® polyesters, a new generation of DEGALAN® binders for heat sealing applications or silane-based adhesion promoters for low energetic surfaces.We believe that serving our customers from the Adhesives & Sealants In-dustry with solutions for energy and resource efficient end-products will pave the way for growth. At Evonik, we are ready to realize these growth opportunities with you.

Now I hope you enjoy reading this magazine and that it may give you the spark for your work in the world of Adhesives & Sealants.

Dr. Claus RettigChairman of the Management Board of the Resource Efficiency Segment

MasterheadAdhesivesThe Adhesive Magazine of Evonik Industries

Publisher:Evonik Industries AGDr. Gaetano BlandaEvonik Adhesives & Sealants Industry TeamPaul-Baumann-Str. 145764 Marl

Editor:Isabel Ramor (V.i.S.d.P.), Gabriele Brenner, Dr. Patrick Becker, Dr. Sabine Kömmelt, Dr. Niko Haberkorn, Dr. Thomas Schlosser, Udo Spitzer, Dr. Volker Schrenk, Yama Olumi

Contact:PHone +49 2365 49-4843fax +49 2365 [email protected]/adhesives-sealants

Photography:© Evonik Industries AGPrint:Knipp – Medien und Kommunikation GmbH, DortmundLayout:helfferich | gestaltung

4 5


Evonik´s world of Adhesives

Packaging

Food packaging Paper & packaging Pressure sensitive adhesives

Download our latest Adhesives-App for iOS, Android and Blackberry10.

evonik.com/coatings-adhesives-app

Automotive

Bonding & lamination interior Car carpets Fuel filter lamination Sound damping Structural bonding Underbody sealers Windows

Construction

Chemical anchors Do It Yourself Flat lamination, sandwich construction Profile wrapping & edge bonding PVC-cement adhesives Sand filled mortar Sealants Structural bonding & repair

Electronics

Cable Electrical engineering adhesives Electronic packaging materials Epoxy molding compounds Hotmelt molding Radiation curable adhesives Surface mounted device electronic adhesives

Renewable energies

Photovoltaic Solar cells Windenergy / windmills

Lifestyle

Carpets Consumer adhesives Furniture Fusible interlinings Hygiene Mattresses Shoe adhesives Silicone based consumer sealants

Evonik offers a variety of solutions for the Adhesives & Sealants Industry. With more than 28 product brands and 330 different product grades, the adhesive experts from Evonik offer a broad product portfolio and deliver the right adhesive solutions to every industry. From the automotive sector, to the constructions industry, to the packaging and electronic markets, Evonik provides solutions for a wide variety of application areas. Discover Evonik´s world of polymers, crosslinkers, monomers and additives for the Adhesives & Sealants Industry and download our latest Adhesives-App for iOS, Android and Blackberry10.

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As a market leader in organofunctional silanes (Dynasylan®) for adhesives and sealants, Evonik is always trying to offer the right innovative solution for an appropriate market requirement/need. Adhe-sives and sealants based on the SMP (Silane Modified Polymer) technology are a strongly growing product class due to its versatile and well-balanced properties, suitable for a wide variety of applications. Dynasylan® is playing a fundamental role as a high-performance additive in SMP to achieve continuously increasing product properties with regard to adhesion, mechan-icals or water resistance. Traditional monomeric (aminofunctional) silanes typically give a versatile adhesion spectrum on various important substrates, e.g. in automotive and construction applications, although they show disadvantages such as low boiling points and high amounts of volatile organic com-pounds (VOC) during the cure.

Therefore, Evonik has developed two prototypes of a new generation of multifunctional silane oligomers: VPS SIVO 260 and VPS SIVO 280.

VOC. Thus, VPS SIVO 260 and VPS SIVO 280 might be a solution for a green future to face adhesion chal-lenges specifically on critical plastic substrates. To illustrate the advantages of our new developments over traditional silanes, a broad lab study in moisture curable SMP systems has been carried out, formula-tion details are given in figure 2.

Innovative silane adhesion promoters for low energy surfacesVPS SIVO 260 and VPS SIVO 280

Flashpoint [°C] Viscosity [mPas] Amine content

VPS SIVO 260 > 95 ≤ 750 + +

VPS SIVO 280 > 95 ≤ 3000 + + +

New multifunctional silane oligomers

Figure 1: Technical data of the new silane oligomers VPS SIVO 260 and VPS SIVO 280

Dynasylan® additives improve the adhesion on PMMA sheets used in aquariums

Their special structures result in higher flash and boil-ing points. When using both new silane oligomers in formulations, some better compatibility between the adhesion promoter and polymers/resins can be achieved, coming along with a significantly reduced

Next to improved handling (e.g. higher boiling point), environmental and labelling issues, excellent adhesion properties especially on difficult to glue low energy surfaces have been found in single lap shear tests. In detail, specimen bonded with the formulation

Figure 2: Formulation details

Plan

eter

y M

ixer

Spee

d M

ixer

Raw Material Parts [wt. %]

STPU Polymer // MS Polymer 30.0 – 40.0

Plasticizer 15.0 – 20.0

Dynasylan® VTMO 0.5 – 1.0

CaCO3 coated with stearic acid 45.0 – 55.0

AEROSIL® R 208 ≤ 6.0

Stabilizers ≤ 0.3

Dynasylan® VTMO (no vacuum) 0.5

Adhesion promoter(e.g. VPS SIVO product) 1.1

Catalyst 0.06

Formulation

• • • • • • • • •

8 9


Raw materials and transport

Production

Product carbon footprint „cradle to gate“

„Cradle to gate“ evaluation

kg CO2 -Equiv./kg product

Figure 1: The „Cradle-to gate“ carbon footprint is primarily influenced by raw materials

DYNACOLL® Terra for sustainable adhesivesBio-based polyester polyols reduce carbon footprint

In addition to the DYNACOLL® 7000 product group, Evonik also offers a portfolio of medium molecular weight polyesters based on renewable raw materials – DYNACOLL® Terra.

Adhesives formulators have a range of 9 different grades at their choice, which have been designed in a way which allows them to be combined in form of the established building-block system of amorphous, liquid and crystalline polyesters—to be combined to manufacture bio-based, sustainable reactive hotmelts. A de-termining factor in defining the desired physical properties of the polyester polyols in the DYNACOLL® Terra range was that the selected monomers were at least 30%, and ideally up to 100%, from renewable resources.

By definition, renewable resources are made from agricultural and forestry products that are systematically used by people as a source of energy or material for the production of chemical precursors, for example. In contrast to petrochemical substances,

renewable resources are not finite, and therefore contribute to the sustainable provision of resources.

From an environmental persepctive, the use of renewable re-sources helps to slow down the climate change because less greenhouse gases are released. A lower global warming poten-tial (GWP) and thus a lower carbon footprint (CF) lead to a reduction in global warming.

The first carbon footprint assessments have now been carried out for two example grades of DYNACOLL® Terra, in which the carbon footprint for the life cycle of the products was deter-mined—from the manufacture of the raw materials used right through to the finished polyester. Using renewable resources enables the carbon footprint to be reduced by up to approxi-mately 60% compared to conventional petrochemical-based polyester polyols.

VPS SIVO 260

Standard aminosilane

Adhesion on polycarbonate

2 2,2 2,4 2,6 2,8 3 3,2 3,4

MFCF

Figure 3: Lap shear values [N/mm²] of VPS SIVO 260 vs. standard aminosilane on polycarbonate (PC)

based on VPS SIVO 260 led to outstanding adhesion on polycarbonate (figure 3) while a STPU adhesive with VPS SIVO 280 showed excellent adhesion on PMMA (figure 4).

Moreover, improved adhesion with VPS SIVO 260 vs. standard aminosilane on PVC in a MS polymer formu-lation is shown in figure 5.

Next to the improved adhesion profile, the positive impact of the new multifunctional oligomers on the reactivity, mechanical properties etc. in SMP formula-tions define them as crucial additives for the growing high performance market.

In the following table (figure 6), the overall perfor-mance of the new silane oligomers in SMP formula-tions are listed as an overview with rating.

The new VPS SIVO grades have been developed pre-dominantly for moisture curable SMP and silicones

technologies, but we do see some additional markets in the adhesives and sealants industry (e.g. in 2K epoxy systems), using these high-performance and environ-mentally friendly silanes.

Adhesion of automotive and construction applications

Sealing of roof domes made of PVC

VPS SIVO 280


Adhesion on PMMA

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

Figure 4: Lap shear values [N/mm²] of VPS SIVO 280 vs. standard aminosilane on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)

MFCF

VPS SIVO 260


Adhesion on PVC

0 0,5 1 1,5 2

Figure 5: Lap shear values [N/mm²] of VPS SIVO 260 vs. standard aminosilane on PVC

CF = cohesion failure, MF = mixed failure

MFCF

7360

EP 481.01

7250

EP 424.01

Reduced carbon footprint

Figure 2: Results of the Carbon Footprint assessments for selected productsData sources: Suppliers, GaBi database, CEFIC, own calculations


VPS SIVO 260

VPS SIVO 280

Adhesion performance and mechanical properties of VPS SIVO 260 and VPS SIVO 280 in comparison to standard aminosilane

• very good • good• excellent

Strength Flexibility PC PMMA other plastics Aluminum Concrete (e.g. PVC, PET)

Mechanical properties

Adhesion performance

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Figure 6: Comparison of VPS SIVO 260 and VPS SIVO 280 vs. standard aminosilane regarding their general impact on mechanical properties and adhesion performances on different substrates in various SMP formulations.

Contact: Dr. Thomas Schlosser

[email protected]

Contact: Gabriele Brenner

[email protected]

- 56 %

- 58 %

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To meet the increasingly stringent requirements of the automotive industry, Evonik is developing new low-emission polyester polyols with low VOC and fogging values for reactive hot-melts.

Reactive polyurethane hot-melts based on DYNACOLL® polyester polyols are used in a variety of ways in the automotive industry for production of molded parts and in assembly bonding. After application of the adhesive at moderate temperatures, the parts set bond quickly, resulting in short cycle times that al-low fast downstream processing of the bonded sub-strates. The subsequent cross-linking by moisture, such as atmospheric moisture, leads to bonds with extremely high final strength and temperature re-sistance. Moreover, the well-established modular system comprising amorphous, liquid, and crystal-line DYNACOLL® 7000 polyesters allows targeted adjustment of the extensive requirements profile of the adhesive. The excellent adhesive properties al-low the combination of different materials, including those that are difficult to bond.

For applications in automotive interiors, low emis-sion products are playing an increasingly important role. Sunlight, for example, rapidly raises the tem-perature inside the car, leading to emission of vola-tile components that could accumulate in the inte-

Reactive hot-melt adhesives based on DYNACOLL® find a variety of uses in cars, with application fields ranging from lamination for door side panels and head liner production, through retainer and mirror bonding, to bonding of headlamps and windows.

Whereas in the past the automotive industry speci-fied the limits to be observed for an entire compo-nent, limits are now prescribed also for the indi-vidual constituents; the contribution of the emissions of the adhesives used thus also plays a role here. While cured PUR hot-melts based on particular com-binations of amorphous and liquid polyester polyols can meet the required limits, conventional crystal-line polyesters lead to significantly higher emission values and do not satisfy these requirements.

Evonik has now developed novel crystalline polyes-ter polyols that meet the higher demanding require-ments of the automotive industry and are distin-guished by lower VOC and FOG values in the adhesive. The DYNACOLL® grades EP 432.01 and EP 432.02 have a melting point of 90°C and are very well suited for adjusting short open times for ap-plications requiring short block-free times. To allow variation of the viscosity and cross-linking density, two versions with different hydroxyl numbers are available.

In RHM model formulations, for example, the new low-emission polyester DYNACOLL® EP 432.01 has been used in mixtures with the amorphous polyes-ter DYNACOLL® 7130 and the liquid grade, 7210, and rior. This results in deterioration of breathing-air

quality and a strong odor, and could be harmful to health. These volatile components may also con-dense on cold surfaces and affect visibility if depos-ited on windows, or change the tactile properties of covering materials. Depending on their volatility, emissions are characterized as VOC (volatile organic compound) values for highly to moderately volatile substances, or fogging values for low-volatility sub-stances. A well-established measurement method is that of the VDA 278 standard. The limits are 100 µg/g for the VOC value and 250µg/g for the FOG value.

DYNACOLL® 7130

DYNACOLL® 7210

DYNACOLL® EP 432.01

DYNACOLL® 7360

DYNACOLL® 7380

4,4‘ - MDI

RHM data

Viscosity at 130°C Pa.s

Open time sec

Setting time sec

Determination acc. to VDA 278

VOC value µg/g

FOG value µg/g

RHM Formulation

VOC and FOG values of RHM model formulations

30

20

50

40

25

5

10

40

30

20

40

10

20

210

10

60

210

30

20

30

20

15

> 1800

1200

90

310

30

20

40

10

30

20

10

20

250

30

20

30

20

25

25

5

20

280

OH/ NCO 1: 2.2

pbw of polyol mixture

partially substituted with the conventional crystal-line polyesters DYNACOLL® 7360 and 7380. The test results show that the very small proportion of vola-tiles in DYNACOLL® EP 432.01 allows the addition of 10 percent of high-emission polyesters without exceeding VOC and FOG limits.

The new developments continue to offer the adhe-sives formulator high versatility in the DYNACOLL® modular system for high performance automotive applications. The products, for which a patent ap-plication has been filed, will be available on the mar-ket from now on.


[email protected]

Polyester

Hydroxyl number mgKOH/g

Acid number mgKOH/g

Melting point (DSC) °C


RHM* data


Open time sec

Setting time sec

Characteristics of the new polyesters and their RHM data



RHM = product of reaction with MDI in an OH/NCO ratio of 1: 2.2

30

1

90

5

50

25

4

50

1

90

1.5

12

30

4

OutlookLow emissions thanks to DYNACOLL®

500

400

300

200

100

0

VOC and FOG values of RHMs based on the new polyesters, compared with values for conventional crystalline polyesters

FOG value [µg/g]

EP 432.01EP 423.02

7360

7380VOG

val

ue [µ

g/g]

0 250 500 750

12 13


Evonik Industries has been appointed by Shell MDS (Malaysia) as the exclusive distribution partner for the South Asia, Middle East, North Africa regions and South America. Based on a successful distribution partnership in Europe since 1996, in which Evonik managed to con-tinuously increase the sales of the synthetic GTL waxes sold under the brand “Shell GTL Sarawax”, the distribu-tion territory for Evonik has been enlarged to cover South America in April 1st, 2015 and South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa since January 1st, 2015.The recent decision by Shell to mandate Evonik as the new distribution partner for the growing South Amer-ica region was based on their existing infrastructures as well as a dedicated sales force and customer service in the region. “The expansion of our distribution part-nership with Shell reconfirms our understanding as an experienced solution provider for our customers in the Adhesives & Sealants Industry”, says Dr. Dietmar Wew-ers, Senior Vice President of Evonik’s Coating & Adhe-sive Resins Business Line. “Besides offering technical knowledge and a broad product portfolio for Adhesives

& Sealants, Shell particularly values our customer inti-macy as well as the access to the emerging markets.”As a distribution partner of Shell GTL Sarawax as well as manufacturer of modified GTL waxes sold globally under the brand VESTOWAX® for many years Evonik has a long lasting technical experience and know-how and in-depth market knowledge. Besides the applica-tions in hot melt adhesives, the products are incorpo-rated in PVC lubricants as well as in the coatings and printing ink industry.

Evonik and Shell MDS (Malaysia) extend their sales partnership for synthetic Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) hardwaxes.

About Shell MDS (Malaysia)

Shell MDS (Malaysia) is the owner and operator of the Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (SMDS) plant in Bintulu, Sarawak. The SMDS plant is the first of its kind in the world and is the culmination of over 30 years research into the utilisation of alternative raw materials for the production of fuels and specialty chemicals.

About VESTOWAX®

With its VESTOWAX® product range Evon-ik offers synthetic waxes produced by Fisch-er-Tropsch-Process. This process yields straight-chain products possessing low vis-cosity in the melt and having molecular weights of between 500 and 1,000 g/mol.

Extended Partnership

Contact: Dr. Alessandro Cerri [email protected]

14 15


The partnership with Shell MDS (Malaysia) in the area of premium-grade synthetic GTL hard paraffin waxes is entering a new phase. In addition to the established Shell GTL Sarawax SX 105, with a drop point between 114 and 120°C, Evonik Industries AG is now marketing within its sales territory Shell GTL Sarawax SX80 – a new product distinguished by a unique pro-perty profile and produced using Shell’s cutting edge Gas-to-Liquid process.

Shell GTL Sarawax SX 80 is a synthetic GTL hard paraffin with significantly lower molecular weight and an extremely narrow molecular weight distri-bution. Along with a low drop point and additionally reduced melt viscos-ity, this combination results in a strongly pronounced crystallinity, thus allowing particularly precise control of industrial processes and further improvement in the accuracy with which specific product properties can be fine-tuned.

A particularly interesting potential field of application for Shell GTL Sara-wax SX 80 is in hot melt adhesives, where it allows significantly reduced setting times and excellent substrate wetting for adhesives with low soften-ing points.

Solvent-based mold release agents (such as for PU foam) are another suit-able application. Here, Shell GTL Sarawax SX 80 combines easy and stable dispersibility with excellent release effect and enables particularly precise and effective process control.

The product is expected to become commercially available in the course of the second quarter of 2015.

An innovative synthetic Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) hard paraffin wax with low drop point Shell GTL Sarawax SX 80

Measurement method Typical value

Congealing point ASTM D 938 82 – 86 °C

Penetration number ASTM D 1321 3 – 5 mm*10-1

Viscosity at 100 °C Platte – Kegel (30.5 s-1) < 20 mPa*s

Provisional specification

POLYVEST® HT holds fastHydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) for use in adhesive and sealant applications

Contact: Dr. Volker Schrenk [email protected]

16 17


SEALANTS FOR INSULATED GLASS UNITS:

Energy-efficient windows with multiple insulated glazing are generally used in the construction and modernization of build-ings today. In these insulated glass units, a high insulating effect is ensured by the hermetically sealed gas space between the panes. DIN EN 1279 places high technical requirements on the necessary sealing compounds, and the use of POLYVEST® HT helps ensure that these requirements are met. Good adhesion to glass and aluminum, high flexibility even at low temperatures, and low permeability to gas and water vapor are essential for the sealing compound system to ensure a service lifetime of several decades.

ELECTRICALLY INSULATING COMPOUNDS:

POLYVEST® HT is also excellently suited as a binder for poly-urethane sealing compounds in the area of electronic component insulation. Sensors and printed circuit boards are used in many devices in the home as well as in industry and the automotive sector. To ensure the reliability of these sensitive components, they must be protected against external influences. Two-component sealing compounds based on POLYVEST® HT are particularly suitable for this purpose because they can be applied in the liquid state, cure even at room temperature, and have outstanding electrical insulating properties. The hydro-phobic and flexible sealing compounds reliably seal the current-carrying components, even when exposed to aggressive chemi-cals or thermal or other physical influences. In this application area as well, the properties of the HTPB-based sealing compounds can be fine-tuned to requirements by targeted selection of fillers, co-binders, and additives.

Secondary sealing based on POLYVEST® HT

Windowpane

Space between the panes

Spacer

Primary sealing

two-pane-insulating glass unit

Evonik is adding a new product to its portfolio of liquid polybutadienes: POLYVEST® HT. This is a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) for whose production a new plant with annual capacity of several thousand metric tons has been started up at the Marl site.

POLYVEST® HT is used mainly as a binder in adhe-sives and sealants. Due to its flexible and nonpolar polymer backbone, the low viscous liquid polybuta-diene has outstanding chemical stability, high hydro-phobicity, and, thanks to its low glass transition tem-perature of -80°C, excellent f lexibility at low temperatures. Due to its hydroxyl functional groups the polymer can be chemically modified and used as a reactive component in adhesive and sealing com-pounds. These product features of POLYVEST® HT are advantageous for the application in polyurethane (PUR) based sealants.

HTPB-based PUR systems have excellent properties such as low water vapor permeability and good elec-trical insulation characteristics; moreover, the me-chanical properties can be varied over a wide range by adjusting the amount of filler and adding co-bind-ers and additives. By varying the filler used, mechan-ical parameters such as hardness, tensile strength, and elongation at break can be systematically ad-justed in liquid applied 2-component PUR compounds (see figure a) - c)). The additional use of functional silanes (such as an aminosilane) allows the mechani-cal properties to be further improved.

Application areas of POLYVEST® HT

Contact: Dr. Niko Haberkorn

[email protected]

Custom-designed polyurethane sealing compounds based on POLYVEST® HT: Variation in Shore A hardness, tensile strength, and elongation at break through the use of aminosilanes and different fillers.

POLYVEST® HT

Vinyl (x): 22% Trans (y): 57% Cis (z): 21%

y

n

z

x

OH

HO

Benefits – POLYVEST® HT for PUR Applications• Excellent chemical resistance to acids and bases • Very good hydrolytic stability • Low temperature flexibility • Low moisture permeability • High elongation with good elastic recovery • Compatible with high amounts of fillers

Other application areas for POLYVEST® HT • Adhesive and sealing compounds in the automotive sector • Electrical potting compounds• Structural adhesives• Sealing of expansion joints• Polymeric plasticizers

b) Tensile strength after curing at room temperature

Chalk

Quartz

China Clay

Wollastonite

0 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00

Tensile strength /MPa

without Aminosilane with 1wt% Aminosilane

c) Elongation at break after curing at room temperature

Chalk

Quartz

China Clay

Wollastonite

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Elongation at break/%

without Aminosilane with 1wt% Aminosilane

without Aminosilane after 24h with 1wt% Aminosilane after 24h

without Aminosilane after 4h with 1wt% Aminosilane after 4h

a) Shore A hardness after curing at room temperature

Chalk

Quartz

China Clay

Wollastonite

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Shore A hardness

18 19


Hot stuff

Food packaging must be securely sealed and keep the product fresh. At the same time, it must be quick and easy to open. That means the lid of a yogurt cup must be sealed firmly enough to keep the yogurt well pro-tected, but should still be easily removable from the cup. Lids are coated with heat seal lacquers and sealed onto the cup to keep this connection clean and secure. With DE-GALAN® brand methacrylate-based bind-ers, Evonik offers the ideal solution for formulating these heat seal lacquers.

Functional polymers on the basis of meth-acrylate chemicals, which Evonik sells under the brand name DEGALAN®, are an essential component of heat seal lac-quers. These methacrylate binders pos-

sess excellent properties for formulating heat seal lacquers and offer a wide range of possibilities for sealing yogurt pack-ages. Aside from yogurt cups, DEGA-LAN® products also ensure a particularly strong seal in blister packs for pharma-ceuticals.

DEGALAN® - A VARIED PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

There are numerous requirements for lacquers used in packaging: Yogurt cup lids made of aluminum or plastic must form a seal with a variety of cup materi-als, such as polypropylene (PP), polysty-rene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or vinyl (PVC) with varying param-

eters such as sealing temperature or manufacturing technology. Of course, the material may not represent any health or environmental risks. Evonik offers four different groups of DE-GALAN® binders. These include 100% solids, so-called bead polymers, organic solutions and dispersions, as well as aque-ous dispersions. The great bandwidth of the portfolio allows for formulating a large variety of heat seal lacquers for seal-ing most commonly used cup/lid combi-nations.Heat seal coatings formulated with a DE-GALAN® organic dispersion can be uni-versally used for sealing any cup. That means every DEGALAN® organic disper-sion forms a seal with all conventional

DEGALAN® heat seal binder from Evonik

cup materials, such as polystyrene, PET, and polypropylene. Special PVC-based adhesion promoters are often needed in addition to the heat seal binder for coat-ing aluminum lids. These are either ap-plied in advance as an additional primer or directly included in the formulation of the heat seal lacquer. Polyesters also are generally used as a primer for lid materi-als made of PET. DEGALAN® VP 4174 E by Evonik is an organic dispersion that allows for direct adhesion on both PET and AL lids. The product eliminates the need for the previously required PVC-based adhesion promoters, making DEGALAN®-based heat seal coatings highly environmentally friendly. The elimination of adhesion promoters also reduces the complexity of production processes for lacquer formulators as well as film/foil converters, which has inter-esting cost benefits.DEGALAN® heat seal binders meet the requirements of international foods reg-ulations such as Commission Regulation (EU) No. 202/2014 and FDA 21 CFR § 175 for materials that are intended to come into contact with foods.

DIRECT ADHESION CREATED WITH BEAD POLYMERS

Even though bead polymers are used for sealing yogurt cups, their most frequent application is found in blister packs for pharmaceuticals. Until now, manufactur-ers had to use a combination of PVC-based adhesion promoters and DEGALAN® P24 heat seal coatings for pharmaceutical blis-ter packs. The new generation of heat seal-capable bead polymers developed by Evonik methacrylate experts therefore represents a major breakthrough.The new product, DEGALAN® VP P 34, is dissolved, for example, in ethyl acetate and can then be applied directly to the aluminum foil. This eliminates the previ-ously required priming or inclusion of PVC-based adhesion promoters in the formulation. DEGALAN® VP P 34 meets the requirements for adhesion on alumi-num foil and for forming seals with blister packs in heat seal coating. At the same time, the fact that the new DEGALAN® VP P 34 replaces the two previously required binders reduces the complexity of the lac-quer formulation. This reduction, in turn,

has a positive effect on the use of the re-quired solvents in the overall formulation. DEGALAN® VP P 34 is a bead polymer-izate that can easily be dissolved in ethyl acetate, a common, relatively cost-effec-tive, highly volatile solvent for heat seal formulations. As long as the other formu-lation components are suitable for this solvent, the overall formulation can there-fore be reduced to the use of a single sol-vent.

EXCELLENT PROPERTIES CONFIRMED

DEGALAN® VP P 34 is characterized by its high heat seal strength on different substrates.The heat seal strength was tested* and documented in the applications technol-ogy laboratory. For this purpose, two comparable formulations were created. In one formulation, the binder DEGALAN® VP P 34 was dissolved in ethyl acetate. In the comparison formulation, DEGALAN® P 24 was dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), together with a PVC copolymer, in a ratio of 80 to 20.

Label print

Aluminum and PETCover lid

CupSealing substrate: PP, PS, PET

One-pass direct adhesive heat seal lacquer based on

DEGALAN® VP 4174 E

Heat Sealing Strength vs. Sealing Temperature

DEGALAN® P24 DEGALAN® VP P34

10

8

6

4

2

0180 °C 160 °C 140 °C 120 °C 100 °C

N/1

5 m

m

20 21


DYNACOLL® for effective flame retardancy

RHM formulation (data for polyols as pbw)

DYNACOLL® EP 455.04 FR 100 20

Pasty polyester with additive flame retardant 100 20

Pasty polyester 100

Crystalline polyester 80 80 100

4,4‘-MDI [OH/NCO] 1/2.2

Flammability class, UL 94 vertical combustion test*) V-0 V-0 V-2 V-0 V-2 V-2

*) Underwriter Laboratories

Both lacquer formulations were then ap-plied to aluminum foil and dried at 180°C for 15 seconds. This resulted in a dried heat seal layer of approx. six µm.Subsequently, the coated aluminum foil was sealed on PVC and also on polysty-rene, under laboratory conditions, using a strip seal device** at a temperature of 180°C and a pressure of three bar, for 0.5 seconds.Measurement of the heat seal strength took place at an angle of 90°. Five repeti-tions with measurement strips having a width of 15 mm were carried out for the evaluation. The average value of these measurements shows that DEGALAN® VP P 34 on aluminum foil forms a seal with PVC blister film, achieving a heat seal strength of more than 7 N/15 mm at a tem-perature of 180°C. A comparable value is also achieved with the combination of DEGALAN® P24 and PVC copolymer in the formulation of 80 to 20.Yogurt packaging, i.e. coated aluminum foil sealed on polystyrene, has a tendency to show higher strength values with DEGALAN® VP P 34 than in the combina-

tion of DEGALAN® P24 with PVC copoly-mers. In the formulation with DEGALAN® VP P 34, a value of 9 N/15 mm was deter-mined at a sealing temperature of 180°C. A heat seal strength of more than 7 N/15 mm is already achieved at a temperature of 140°C.These application technology studies il-lustrate that the new DEGALAN® VP P 34 is able to replace the previously used binder combinations of DEGALAN® P24 and PVC adhesion promoters in existing formulations. Due to the direct-adhesion properties of DEGALAN® VP P 34, no ad-ditional adhesion promoter is needed in the formulation, which leads to further simplification in formulating heat seal lac-quer.

Contact: Dr. Patrick Becker [email protected]

PU dispersions better with VESTOPLAST® Evonik‘s VESTOPLAST® W 1750 improves the characteristics of PU dispersions. By adding just 10-30% of VESTOPLAST® W 1750 to PU dispersions, istinct charac-teristics such as water resistance and wet-ting behavior are reatly enhanced.

In the ideal case, the wetting angle be-tween the dry PU film and applied water droplets can be nearly doubled, achieving water repellency in the range of complete hydrophobia. In addition, the surface en-ergy can be lowered to less than 32mN/m. The dispersion is thus suitable for uniform wetting of nonpolar substrates.

New methacrylate monomers for the adhesives industry from the VISIOMER® brandMethacrylates from Evonik, which are sold under the VISIOMER® brand, are important raw materials for a wide vari-ety of adhesive formulations and sealants. Perhaps the most well-known application is methacrylate-based reactive adhesives, which are the preferred choice in auto-motive and boat construction. But meth-acrylates are also very well-suited as components of pressure sensitive adhe-sives (PSAs) and anaerobic adhesives. The VISIOMER® portfolio has a wide range of options in this area for adapting adhesives formulations to optimize adhe-sion and cohesion properties. Two new special monomers from Evonik now offer adhesives developers more innovative options.

VISIOMER® 6976, a solution of a benzo-phenone methacrylate derivative in methacrylates, can be used as a co-mono-mer in solvent-based or aqueous systems.

VESTOPLAST® W 1750 is Evonik‘s first stable aqueous dispersion based primarily on nonpolar poly-alpha-olefins, with a solid content of nearly 50%. The company is thus expanding its existing VESTOPLAST® portfolio to provide options for optimizing product characteristics during application or even to create completely new applica-tion options.

This new product can be used for post-crosslinking via UV light. With good pro-cessability, using VISIOMER® 6976 in adhesives can significantly increase cohe-sion after UV exposure.

The partially bio-based VISIOMER® GLYFOMA stands out due its low vapor pressure, a plus point for use in reactive adhesives, for example. For low-odor for-mulations it can replace volatile mono-mers and thereby reduce unpleasant odors as well as VOC content. The com-ponent used for the synthesis of VISIOMER® GLYFOMA comes from re-newable raw materials.

Contact: Dr. Sabine Kömmelt

[email protected]

Heat Sealing Strength – Comparison DEGALAN P 24 & VP P 34

Aluminum versus PS

Aluminum versus PVC

0 5 10N/15 mm

DEGALAN® P24 DEGALAN® VP P34

9,08,0

7,17,9

DEGALAN® VP P 34• 1 Step lacquering• No PVC copolymer at all

DEGALAN® P 24• 1 Step lacquering combined 80/20 with PVC copolymer• Drying: 15 s / 180°C• Sealing: 0.5 s, 3 bar, 180°C


[email protected]

Contact: Dr. Volker Schrenk

[email protected]

Functional polyester polyols with inherent flame retardant properties have been developed for the formulation of flame retardant adhesives and sealants.

DYNACOLL® EP 455.04 FR, a pasty product with hydroxyl number 35 mg KOH/g and molecular weight 3200 g/mol, is available on the market. The low glass transition temperature of -55°C lends adhesives high flexibility, even at low temperatures.

We have succeeded in identifying suit-able compounds containing phosphorus groups that as components in the poly-ester synthesis can be covalently bound in the polymer, thus giving the polyester polyol the necessary flame retardant

properties. In addition to a broad adhe-sion spectrum and high cohesion, the resulting adhesive formulations are dis-tinguished by durable flame retardancy because the flame-retarding component is chemically bound and cannot be washed out during the use phase. Flammability tests using the UL 94 method show that the flame-retarded DYNACOLL® polyes-ter is highly effective and for the same phosphorus content in the polyol mix-ture, has better properties than when ad-ditive flame retardants are used.The internally flame-retarded polyester has good compatibility with conventional amorphous, liquid, and crystalline poly-ester polyols and can thus easily be pro-cessed.

22 23


WHAT HAS BEEN HAPPENING AT ADHESIVE RESINS IN THE PAST TWO YEARS?

The Adhesives & Sealants Industry has experienced enormously dynamic developments in recent years. This is seen, among other things, in the growth rates, which are an average of 2-5% above those for gross domestic product. This is partly due to our in-novative products and new areas of application. We, too, mean-ing the Adhesive Resins Product Line at Evonik, have also been working steadily on new ideas in recent years. This includes product innovations that we have developed to market maturity, such as POLYVEST® HT, a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, VESTOPLAST® W 1750, a stable polyolefin dispersion, and DEGALAN® VP P 34, a bonding agent for heat seal coatings, which makes the use of PVC-based bonding agents superfluous. But for us innovation also means establishing new processes and services or opening up new areas of application. A very nice and successful example is our new patent-pending Easy Peel Package. It is a new packaging solution, which we have developed espe-cially for our silane-modified reactive VESTOPLAST® 206. These various examples show clearly how much has happened here in recent months. And that makes me confident about the future.

WHAT TRENDS DO YOU SEE IN THE ADHESIVES INDUSTRY?

Scarce resources for certain raw materials, such as resins, remain a great challenge for the adhesives industry. Hydrocarbon resins are an elemental constituent of almost all adhesive formulations. A shortage in the market necessarily leads to limitations on our ability to deliver to our customers. We are reacting to this prob-lem by developing formulations of polymers that require smaller proportions of resins and are thus better protected against crises. And naturally, topics such as adhesives for new substrates, for example lightweight construction materials and the development of environmentally friendly systems are continuing to become more important. In addition, in the future, we want to provide increasing support for our customers in making their processes more efficient. Our goal is to support these trends with new products and optimized processes, and with the help of a reliable and customer-oriented team.

THE TERM „ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY SYSTEMS“ IS BEING MENTIONED MORE AND MORE FREQUENTLY IN CONNECTION WITH ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS. HOW IS THE TREND OF SUSTAINABILITY AFFECTING THE ADHESIVES MARKET?

Green products remain a challenge for our industry. For one thing, the availability of sustainably obtained raw materials is still lim-ited. For another, we cannot afford to lose sight of the economic aspects regarding research and development. Nevertheless - es-pecially in Europe - the demand for environmentally friendly systems continues to grow. With DYNACOLL® Terra, a polyester polyol, which is based on renewable raw materials, we already marketed our first green adhesive polyester back in 2011. In addition to the environmentally friendly raw materials, another goal is resource efficiency, which means using products that con-tribute to a more efficient use of resources. Last year, we started up a plant for production of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadienes, our new POLYVEST® HT, which is used in adhesive and sealing compounds for lightweight construction in automobiles or in triple glazing.

IN CONCLUSION, A LOOK AT THE FUTURE: WHAT WOULD THE IDEAL ADHESIVE LOOK LIKE?

For me, it would be an adhesive with a broad range of adhesion – an adhesive that displays excellent adhesion on different sub-strates. Bonding construction elements or substrates to one another instead of welding or riveting has already become a necessity in some areas of application, and this trend is sure to continue. There will be areas of application in which adhesives are not yet used today - and areas that we may not even have thought of yet. For me, such a universal adhesive with an easy-to-control characteristics profile would be the adhesive of the future.

Contact: Dr. Gaetano Blanda

[email protected]

Innovation is in the air. Adhesive Resins:

Dr. Gaetano Blanda is head of the Adhesive Resins Product Line in the Coating & Adhesive Resins Business Line, and chairman of the Evonik Adhesives & Sealants Industry Team.The Adhesive Resins Product Line at Evonik has ambitious goals. In the com-

ing years, they intend to achieve a further increase in the strong growth of the past. To do so, the adhesives experts will be relying on their innovative strength and technical expertise, as well as their international alignment, in order to keep up with the trends and meet the challenges in the adhesives industry. Reliability and close cooperation with customers will also play a decisive role.

„For us, innovation means developing new products and opening up new areas of application, but also making changes in our processes or services. In this context, cooperation with our customers around the world is of enormous importance.“ Dr. Gaetano Blanda, Vice President Adhesive Resins

Evonik Industries AG Paul-Baumann-Straße 1 45764 MarlGermany

telefon +49 2365 49-4843 telefax +49 2365 49-5030 www.evonik.com/adhesives-sealants

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