Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.
-
Upload
darleen-fox -
Category
Documents
-
view
224 -
download
0
Transcript of Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.
![Page 1: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Addressing Obesity ByChanging Environments
Kelly D. BrownellYale University
![Page 2: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
www.YaleRuddCenter.org
![Page 3: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Nutrition in schools
Sugared beverages & taxes
Food marketing and children
Examples ofMajor Initiatives
Food labeling
![Page 4: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
A Conceptual Scheme
![Page 5: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Knowledge
Motivation
How Best to Make Change?
Educate
Implore
Medicate
Operate
TheIndividual
Less Obesity?
![Page 6: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CDC, BRFSS
% of US Population GettingRecommended Physical Activity (1986-2000)
![Page 7: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
NHANES
% of US Adults GettingRecommended Fruit & Vegetable Servings
0
20
40
60
80
100
1994 1996 1998 2000 2003 2005
![Page 8: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Youth RiskBehav Survey
% of US Children GettingRecommended Fruit & Vegetable Servings
0
20
40
60
80
100
1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
![Page 9: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What Are We Doing Now?
Knowledge
Motivation
Educate
Implore
TheIndividual
Less Obesity?
![Page 10: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Knowledge
Motivation
How Best to Make Change?
Educate
Implore
Medicate
Operate
TheIndividual
Less Obesity?
![Page 11: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
OptimalDefaults
Economics
Legislation
Environment
Regulation
TheIndividual
Less Obesity?
![Page 12: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Another Example – Organ Donation
Johnson & Goldstein, Science, 2003“Do defaults save lives?”
![Page 13: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Disastrous Defaults(examples)
• The economics of food
• Food marketing
• Portions
• Too much access
• Too little access
![Page 14: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Food Marketing
![Page 15: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Food Marketing
Powerful
Relentless
Exploitative
![Page 16: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
TVAdvertising
Adver-gaming
Other YouthWebsites
Bunnies
Life
Hannah Montana
Clifford Crunch
Mighty Bites
Honey Sunshine
Puffins
Cheerios
Kix
EnviroKids Organic
Mini Wheats
Organic Wild Puffs
The Best Dozen
None
![Page 18: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
TVAdvertising
Adver-gaming
Other YouthWebsites
x x x
x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x
Reese’s Puffs
Cap’n Crunch
Count Chocula
Trix
Froot Loops
Smorz
Lucky Charms
Golden Grahams
Cinnamon Toast Crunch
Corn Pops
Cocoa Puffs
Fruity/Cocoa Pebbles x x x
The Worst Dozen
![Page 19: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
RWJF $100million/yr
vs.Child
Marketing
January 4!
![Page 20: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Special Case ofSugar-Sweetened Beverages
![Page 21: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The World’sMost Valuable Brand?
![Page 22: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
% Calories Per Day From 2 Beverages
Nielsen & Popkin. Am J Prev Med, 2004
0
2
4
6
8
10
1977-78 1989-91 1994-96 1999-2001
Milk
Soft Drinks
![Page 23: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Single greatest source of added sugar
• Poor calorie compensation
• Targeting of vulnerable populations
• Sugar may be addictive
• Gratuitous addition of caffeine
• Completely empty calories
Why Soda?
• Rock solid proof of harm
![Page 24: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
SSBs: How Much?
Average intake = 50 gallons/yr (189 liters)
Average child = 175 calories/day
![Page 25: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Children Ages 2-18
Empty calories = 40% of total intake
Largest contributor to overall intake SSBs + Juice Drinks, 173 kcal/day
Reedy & Krebs-SmithJ Amer Dieteitic Assn, 2010
![Page 26: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Brownell et al.New Engl J Med, 2019
![Page 28: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
How Worriedis Industry?
![Page 29: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Millions Spent Lobbying Coke & Pepsi + ABA
Los Angeles TimesFeb 7, 2010
![Page 30: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Household Budget SurveysExpenditure records (all beverages)Household income & number of residents
Industry ReportsMarket volume & market value
Sugared Beveragesin Latin America
UnderestimatesCaptures about 50% of intake
![Page 31: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Data: Datamonitor 2009, Euromonitor 2009, Andreyeva et al 2011
![Page 32: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Consumption TrendsPeru, 1997 - 2009
Data: Peru, Encuesta Nacional de Hogares
![Page 33: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Consumption TrendsMexico, 1984 - 2008
Data: Mexico, Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de Hogares
![Page 34: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Consumption Trends & Income
Data: Mexico, Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de Hogares
![Page 35: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Consumption Trends & Income
Data: Mexico, Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de Hogares
![Page 36: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Estimated Revenue (20% tax)
$2.66 billion
$256 million
$857 million
$2.37 billion
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Peru $191 million
Revenue (US Dollars)
Calculations based on Datamonitor 2010, Euromonitor 2010, World Bank 2009
![Page 37: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Who Are TheChange Agents?
![Page 38: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Legislators federal, state, local
Legal Authorities e.g., state attorney’s general
The Press
Litigators
![Page 39: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Dr. Thomas FriedenNYC Commissioner of Health
Michael BloombergMayor
LegalDefaults
![Page 40: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Game ChangingDevelopments
NYC trans fat ban in restaurants
Menu labeling
White House Announcements
Soda tax proposals
Conn. Attorney General – Smart Choices
![Page 41: Addressing Obesity By Changing Environments Kelly D. Brownell Yale University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649ce35503460f949af981/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
www.YaleRuddCenter.org