AdditionReactions (1)

8/8/2019 AdditionReactions (1)

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Catalyst (broken clay pot

or aluminium oxide (Al2O3)

Decane

(what is the

formula?______________)

water

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Decane

(what is the formula?______________)

What is the Structural formula - Draw in your jotter)

H HC

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H



Decane

Draw 4 isomers of decane

H HC

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

c c

cc cc c ccc c c c

cc cc c cc

c cc

c cc c

c

cc c c

c

c cc c

c

c

c



When we ´crackµ DECANE what are the possible products formed?

H HC

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

How do you prove you have formed these products?

HC

H

HH

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

cc

H

HHH C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H



Annapurna Annapurna



Pentene

CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2

Alkenes

Can be

Hydrocarbons

Saturated

(Single Bonds)

Can be

Unsaturated

(Double Bond)

Ethene

CH2=CH2

Alkanes

Cycloalkanes



Saturated or Unsaturated?Saturated or Unsaturated?

HC

H

H

CH

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

CH2

CH2CH2

CH2

CCC

H H

H

HH

H

HC

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

CH2CHCH3

Saturated

Saturated

Saturated

Unsaturated

Unsaturated



Bromine WaterBromine Water

HC

H

CH

H

C

H

H

Br Br Double Bonds

Undergo

Addition Reactions

In Addition Reactions

The double bondBreaks and bromine atoms

are added to both sidesof the double bond



A ddition of Hydrogen A ddition of Hydrogen

(H(H22))

HC

H

CH

H

C

H

H

HHThe double bond

Breaks and Hydrogen atoms

are added to both sidesof the double bond

Propene + HydrogenPropane



Alkenes into Alkanes Alkenes into Alkanes

C

C

C

C

C

H HH H

HH

CH

H

H H

H

H

H H

Hexene + Hydrogen

C6H12 H2+

Hexane

C6H14

Now write thisreactions using the

StructuralFormulae

1.

C

C

C

C

C

C

H HH H

H

H

HHHHH

H

H

H



Alkenes into Alkanes Alkenes into Alkanes

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

H H H HH H

H

H

HHHHH

CH

H

HH

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

H H H HH HH H

H

H

HHHHHHH

H H

Octene + Hydrogen Octane

C8H16 H2+ C8H18

2.



Saturated?Saturated?

C2H6

C4H10

C20

H42

C10H20

C15H30

C8H18C7H14

C60H122

C11H22

?

?

?

?

C4H8?

C4H8?



Alkenes and Cycloalkanes Alkenes and Cycloalkanes

Isomers from different Homologous Series

CnH2n

Alkenes

Cyclo-alkanes

Unsaturated

Saturated

C4H8

C4H8



C4H8

CH2

CH2 CH2

CH2

HC

H

H

C

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

Butene

Cyclobutane

Unsaturated Saturated

Reacts with

Bromine

UnreactiveNo Reaction with

Bromine



CC55HH1010

Describe how you could find out, which test Describe how you could find out, which test

tube contained pentene and which test tubetube contained pentene and which test tubecontained cyclopentanecontained cyclopentane

A B

Pentene Cyclopentane

Only Tube A decolourised bromine water.Only Tube A decolourised bromine water.



Bromine WaterBromine Water

Alkenes react with Bromine water. Alkenes react with Bromine water.

The bromine water changes from brown to clear.The bromine water changes from brown to clear.

Tube A must contain PenteneTube A must contain Pentene

Alkene

BromineWater

Alkane

AdditionReactions (1)

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