Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria
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Additional Aspects Additional Aspects of Aqueous of Aqueous Equilibria Equilibria
description
Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria. Reaction of Weak Bases with Water. The base reacts with water, producing its conjugate acid and hydroxide ion:. CH 3 NH 2 + H 2 O CH 3 NH 3 + + OH - K b = 4.38 x 10 -4. K b for Some Common Weak Bases. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria
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Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria
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Reaction of Weak Bases with WaterThe base reacts with water, producing its conjugate acid and hydroxide ion:CH3NH2 + H2O CH3NH3+ + OH- Kb = 4.38 x 10-4
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Kb for Some Common Weak BasesMany students struggle with identifying weak bases and their conjugate acids.What patterns do you see that may help you?
BaseFormulaConjugate AcidKbAmmoniaNH3NH4+1.8 x 10-5MethylamineCH3NH2CH3NH3+4.38 x 10-4EthylamineC2H5NH2C2H5NH3+5.6 x 10-4Diethylamine(C2H5)2NH(C2H5)2NH2+1.3 x 10-3Triethylamine (C2H5)3N (C2H5)3NH+4.0 x 10-4HydroxylamineHONH2HONH3+ 1.1 x 10-8HydrazineH2NNH2H2NNH3+ 3.0 x 10-6AnilineC6H5NH2C6H5NH3+ 3.8 x 10-10PyridineC5H5NC5H5NH+ 1.7 x 10-9
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Reaction of Weak Bases with WaterThe generic reaction for a base reacting with water, producing its conjugate acid and hydroxide ion:B + H2O BH+ + OH-(Yes, all weak bases do this DO NOTendeavor to make this complicated!)
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Buffered Solutions
A solution that resists a change in pH when either hydroxide ions or protons are added. Buffered solutions contain either:A weak acid and its saltA weak base and its salt
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Acid/Salt Buffering PairsThe salt will contain the anion of the acid, and the cation of a strong base (NaOH, KOH)
Weak AcidFormulaof the acidExample of a salt of the weak acidHydrofluoricHFKF Potassium fluorideFormicHCOOHKHCOO Potassium formateBenzoicC6H5COOHNaC6H5COO Sodium benzoateAceticCH3COOHNaH3COO Sodium acetateCarbonicH2CO3NaHCO3- Sodium bicarbonatePropanoicHC3H5O2 NaC3H5O2 - Sodium propanoateHydrocyanicHCNKCN - potassium cyanide
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Base/Salt Buffering PairsThe salt will contain the cation of the base, and the anion of a strong acid (HCl, HNO3)
BaseFormula of the baseExample of a salt of the weak acidAmmoniaNH3NH4Cl- ammonium chlorideMethylamineCH3NH2CH3NH2Cl methylammonium chlorideEthylamineC2H5NH2C2H5NH3NO3 - ethylammonium nitrateAnilineC6H5NH2C6H5NH3Cl aniline hydrochloridePyridineC5H5N C5H5NHCl pyridine hydrochloride
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Titration of an Unbuffered SolutionA solution that is 0.10 M CH3COOH is titrated with 0.10 M NaOH
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milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)
pH
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milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pHLine position:0.21
04.75
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54.97coordinates for vertical line
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&CBeloit College
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0
milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)
pH
Sheet2
milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)pHLine position:20.03
02.88
13.5
23.81
34
44.15
54.28coordinates for vertical line
64.3920.032.304
74.4820.0313.1355
84.58
94.67
104.75
114.84
124.93
135.02
145.12
155.23
165.35
175.51
185.71
196.03
208.72
2111.37
2211.67
2311.83
2411.95
2512.04
2612.11
2712.16
2812.21
2912.25
3012.29
3112.32
3212.35
3312.38
3412.4
3512.43
3612.45
3712.47
3812.48
3912.5
4012.51
Clear Data
Select
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Label Axes
&CBeloit College
&L&Z&F&R&D&T
Sheet2
milliliters NaOH (0.10 M)
pH
Sheet3
milliliterspHLine position:0
coordinates for vertical line
00
01
Clear Data
Select
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Expand
Label Axes
&CBeloit College
&L&Z&F&R&D&T
Sheet3
00
00
0
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milliliters
pH
Sheet4
milliliterspHLine position:0
coordinates for vertical line
00
01
Clear Data
Select
Print
Expand
Label Axes
&CBeloit College
&L&Z&F&R&D&T
Sheet4
00
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