Adaptive leadership 2014 v3
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Transcript of Adaptive leadership 2014 v3
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Adaptive Leadership
Manuel E. ContrerasMarch 2014
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> 1. Introduction to leadership> 2. Leadership and authority (link and diff.) > 3. Technical problems vs. leadership
challenges
Outline
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“Leadership is one of the most observed and least understood phenomena on earth”
James MacGregor Burns (1978)
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Adaptive leadership is a notion of change, transformation that enables capacity to thrive.
It is a practice of mobilizing people to tackle difficult challenges and thrive.
What is Adaptive Leadership?
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Key distinctions1. Normative and not “value-free”2. Product of teaching3. Developed from and for the public
sector??4. Provides a strategy5. Breaks away from “heroic leadership”
Why adaptive leadership?
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Identifying elements that need to be changed and elements that need to be preserved.
Making the best possible use of previous wisdom and know-how.
Anchoring change in the values, competencies and strategic vision.
Adaptive leadership within an organization
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> NEEDS a link between Leadership and Authority.
> Possibly stating differences or connection between the 2
Needs a link with next slide
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Authority is formal or informal power within a system, entrusted by one party to another in exchange for a service.
Basic services or social functions provided by authorities are: Direction Protection Order
Authority
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1. Authority is given and can be taken away
2. Authority is conferred as part of an exchange
Conferred power to perform a service
Authority (Heifetz, 1994)
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Formal Authority: comes with various powers of the office and it is granted because the office holder promises to meet a set of explicit expectations (job descriptions, legislated mandates, etc.).
Formal Authority
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Informal Authority: rests on legitimacy and trust and comes with the power to influence attitude or behavior beyond compliance.
Trust: Predictability on values and skills
Informal Authority
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Authority Resources
InformalWhat you do, and how you are perceived? Competence Reliability Trust Legitimacy Integrity
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Formal
Where you are? Position.
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Formal Authority
InformalAuthority
CredibilityTrust
RespectAdmiration
Importance and relevance of the position
SOURCES OF POSITIONAL POWER
Formal authorityRelevanceCentralityAutonomyVisibility
SOURCES OF PERSONAL POWER
ExpertiseTrack record
AttractivenessEffort
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They can usually be diagnosed and solved within a short time frame by applying established know-how and procedures.
Technical Problems
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The necessary knowledge about them already has been digested and put in the form of a legitimized set of known organizational procedures guiding what to do and role authorizations guiding who should do it.
Technical Problems
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Unlike technical problems where the know-how already exists. Adaptive challenges require learning to overcome the conflicts in values, or reduce the gap between the espoused values and reality. They require changes in values, attitudes or habits of behavior.
Adaptive Challenges
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What’s the Work?
Who does the work?
Technical Apply current know-how
Authorities
Adaptive Learn new ways
The people with the problem
Distinguishing Technical from Adaptive Challenges
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To create and enhance organizational value Mobilize people to face their problems and
their painful decisions so that they learn new ways of being.
Mobilization implies to motivate, organize, orient and focus attention.
Adaptive Leadership
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The final objective is to confront difficult problems that require the clarification of values and the generation of progress.
The measurement of leadership is the progress in the solution of problems. Communities achieve this progress because people who exercise leadership challenge them and help them in the process.
There is a joint responsibility.
Adaptive Leadership
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Hold on to the past Blame the authority figures Find a scapegoat Deny the problem Draw conclusions too quickly Use a distraction
Common mechanisms of work avoidance
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Leadership requires that one regulate the level of stress and the pace of learning at a rhythm within a range that people can tolerate.
Leadership
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1. Managing the holding environment2. Directing attention3. Testing reality4. Managing information and framing issues5. Orchestrating conflicting perspectives6. Choosing the decision making process
Authority as a resource
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We exercise leadership to create or enhance public value
The exercise of leadership is a voluntary activity Thus, it’s a time bound intervention: its episodic It is oriented by the task of carrying out adaptive
work It implies asking questions more than providing
answers
Final reflections
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It requires good questions and the willingness to sustain uncertainty.
The heart of the strategy is to center people’s attention in complex and difficult issues instead of in distractions.
In light of the above, one can exercise leadership from any position.
Its development requires a learning strategy.
Final reflections (cont.)
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Leadership ≠ Authority
Adaptive challenge
Technical problem
A-T
Social Function of Authority
Formal Authority
Informal Authority Dynamic
Finite
Adaptive Leadership Framework
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“How” of reform
AdaptiveTechnical
Management Leadership
Formal Authority
Informal Authority
Leadership is NOT the same as Authority
DynamicFinite
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"The true journey of discoverydoes not consist in searching for new territoriesbut in having new eyes.”
Marcel Proust
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Brookes, S. and K. Grint (2010) The New Public Leadership Challenge. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Heifetz, Ronald A. (1994) Leadership without easy answers. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press.Heifetz, R.A. and D.L. Laurie (1998). “The work of leadership.” Harvard Business Review on Leadership. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press.Heifetz, R.A. and M. Linsky (2002) Leadership on the line. Staying alive through the
dangers of leading. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press.Heifetz, R.A., M. Linsky and A. Grashow (2009) The Practice of Adaptive Leadership:
Tools and Tactics for Changing Your Organization and the World. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press.
Hill, L. (1994). “Power Dynamics in Organizations.” Note HBB No. 494-083. Harvard Business School.Kotter, J.P. (1998) “What leaders really do.” Harvard Business Review on Leadership. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press.MacGregor Burns, J. (1978) Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
Bibliography
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Adaptive Leadership
Manuel E. ContrerasMarch 2014