Adaptation Concepts - Climate Change Response Framework · address climate change impacts &...
Transcript of Adaptation Concepts - Climate Change Response Framework · address climate change impacts &...
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Stacey Clark ([email protected])Regional Ecologist, Natural Resources Conservation Service2019 Northern Forests Climate Hub Liaison, Northern Institute of Applied Climate Sciencewww.niacs.org / www.forestadaptation.org
Adaptation Concepts
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How do we respond to climate change?
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Adaptation MitigationPeople
Greenhouse GasesImpacts
How do we respond to climate change?
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Adaptation is the adjustment of systems in response to climate change.
Adaptation actions are designed to specifically address climate change impacts & vulnerabilities in order to meet goals and objectives
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Adaptation is the adjustment of systems in response to climate change.
Ecosystem-based adaptation activities build on sustainable management, conservation, andrestoration.
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Landowner ObjectivesNatural Forest
Dynamics
Wildlife Habitat
Past Management
History
Invasives Timber Sale Revenue
Management Plan Requirements
Disturbance:Past + Future
Deer
Forest Health
And more!!
Climate Change
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Helping Managers to Respond
What actions can help systems adapt to climate change and other threats while
also meeting landowner needs?
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If you want a single “answer” for how to respond to climate change, it’s
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If you want a single “answer” for how to respond to climate change, it’s
“It depends”
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If you want a single “answer” for how to respond to climate change, it’s
“It depends”
It depends on where you are working and what you’re trying to achieve.
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Forest Adaptation Resources
www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/40543 and
A flexible workbook and menu to address diverse needs
▪ Designed for a variety of land owners with diverse goals
▪ Does not make recommendations
▪ Includes:
• Menu of adaptation strategies and approaches for forest management
• Adaptation Workbook
Swanston et al. 2016 (2nd edition); www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/52760
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A workbook process provides “structured flexibility”
Adaptation Workbook
www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/40543 and
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Adaptation “Menus”Published: ▪ Forestry▪ Urban Forestry▪ Agriculture▪ Forested Watersheds▪ Tribal PerspectivesIn Preparation: ▪ Wetlands▪ Wildlife Management ▪ Coastal Ecosystems▪ Forest Carbon Management▪ Recreation
www.forestadaptation.org/strategies
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StrategiesOptionsResistChange
Promote aTransition
EnhanceResilience
1: Sustain fundamental ecological functions.2: Reduce existing biological stressors. 3: Reduce impacts of severe disturbances. 4: Maintain or create refugia. 5: Enhance species and structural diversity. 6: Promote ecosystem redundancy. 7: Increase landscape connectivity. 8: Enhance genetic diversity. 9: Facilitate species transitions. 10: Realign after disturbance.
www.forestadaptation.org/strategies
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Getting from Goals to Action
The Workbook helps you create clear
rationale for your actions by connecting
them to broader adaptation ideas.
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Adaptation Options (Millar et al. 2007)
Resistance
Resilience
Transition(response)
Manage for Persistence:Ecosystems are still the same
Resilience
Manage for Change:Ecosystems have fundamentally changed
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RESISTANCE
▪ Improve defenses of forest against change and disturbance
▪ Maintain relatively unchanged conditions
Millar et al. 2007Millar et al. 2007, Swanston et al. 2016, Nagel et al. 2017
Adaptation Options
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RESISTANCE RESILIENCE
▪ Improve defenses of forest against change and disturbance
▪ Maintain relatively unchanged conditions
▪ Accommodate some degree of change
▪ Return to prior reference condition following disturbance
Millar et al. 2007Millar et al. 2007, Swanston et al. 2016, Nagel et al. 2017
Adaptation Options
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RESISTANCE RESILIENCE TRANSITION
▪ Improve defenses of forest against change and disturbance
▪ Maintain relatively unchanged conditions
▪ Accommodate some degree of change
▪ Return to prior reference condition following disturbance
▪ Intentionally facilitate change
▪ Enable ecosystem to respond to changing and new conditions
Millar et al. 2007Millar et al. 2007, Swanston et al. 2016, Nagel et al. 2017
Adaptation Options
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Adaptation Actions
Sustain fundamental ecological functions
CONCEPT
ACTION
STRATEGIES
APROACHES
TACTICS
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Adaptation Actions
Maintain or restore soil quality and nutrient cycling
CONCEPT
ACTION
STRATEGIES
APROACHES
TACTICS
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Adaptation Actions
CONCEPT
ACTION
STRATEGIES
APROACHES
TACTICS Delay operations to coincide with frozen ground to minimize disturbanceWill also evaluate benefits, drawbacks, practicability and time frame associated with tactic
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Adaptation Actions
CONCEPT
ACTION
STRATEGIES
APROACHES
TACTICS Plant future-adapted oak species on south-facing slopes in Spring
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Adaptation Actions
Emphasize drought-and heat-tolerant
species & populations
CONCEPT
ACTION
STRATEGIES
APROACHES
TACTICS
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Adaptation Actions
Facilitate community adjustments through
species transitions
CONCEPT
ACTION
STRATEGIES
APROACHES
TACTICS
Option: Transition(facilitate change)
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Management Goals & Objectives
Climate Change Impacts
Intent of Adaptation (Option)
Make Idea Specific(Strategy, Approach)
Action to Implement(Tactic)
Challenges & Opportunities
Menu + Workbook
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Actions for Adaptation…are intentional
Connect the dots! - What are your management goals and
objectives?- How might your ecosystem be uniquely
affected by climate change?- How are your goals challenged? Are they
still feasible?- What specific actions can you take to
address specific impacts?
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Actions for Adaptation…are intentional
“Climate-informed” decisions still reflect- Restrictive mandates, plans, laws, etc.- Public perception- Costs- Values- Other barriers to change
…but not always different
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Re-cap▪ Best management principles, but applied in the context of
climate change▪ Hierarchy helps organize and justify adaptation actions▪ Menu allows user to pick and choose actions that are relevant
to their situation▪ Managers design tactics to suit particular needs
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zzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
Adaptation Demonstrations
www.forestadaptation.org/demos
250+ Projectshave used the Adaptation Workbook
Real-world examples of climate-informed management
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▪ Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP)
▪ Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)
https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/pa/programs/financial/
NRCSTechnical and Financial Assistance
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Conservation + AdaptationEXAMPLES:
OBJECTIVE: Improve degraded plant communities
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES: Sustain fundamental ecological functions, Maintain and enhance species and structural diversity.
NRCS CONSERVATION PRACTICE: Forest Stand Improvement
OBJECTIVE: Increase Native Plants
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES: Maintain and enhance genetic diversity, Facilitate community adjustments through species transitions.
NRCS CONSERVATION PRACTICE: Tree/Shrub Establishment
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Conservation + AdaptationEXAMPLES (cont.):
OBJECTIVE: Mimic natural disturbances
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES: Sustain fundamental ecological functions, Reduce the risk and long-term impacts of severe disturbances.
NRCS CONSERVATION PRACTICE: Prescribed Burning
OBJECTIVE: Reduce Invasive Species
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES: Sustain fundamental ecological functions, Reduce the impact of biological stressors
NRCS CONSERVATION PRACTICE: Brush Management
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Stand 1: Dry to Dry-Mesic Mixed Forest
Increased pests, diseases, drought stress
Decreased snowpack and boreal species
Deer herbivoryIncreased susceptibility to flooding, soilerosion, oxidationLoss of wetland habitat and function
Management GOALS • Enhance wildlife habitat• Maintain wetland function• Minimize invasive species
Stand 2: Northern Hardwoods Swamp (black ash)
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Adaption APPROACHES2017:
• Reduce competition for moisture, nutrients, and light.
• Maintain or improve the ability of forests to resist pests and pathogens.
2018-2019• Prevent the introduction and establishment of invasive plant species and remove
existing invasive species.
2020• Manage herbivory to promote regeneration of desired species.• Protect future-adapted seedlings and saplings. • Introduce species that are expected to be adapted to future conditions.
$ EQIP: Tree/Shrub Establishment
$ EQIP: Forest Stand Improvement
$ EQIP: Brush Management
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Questions?
https://forestadaptation.org/node/716
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Additional Resources ▪ Tree Species Handouts: www.forestadaptation.org/pa▪ Climate Change Resource Center: Climate Data
https://www.fs.usda.gov/ccrc/library/climate-data▪ Seedlot Selection Tool https://seedlotselectiontool.org/sst/▪ *Assessing Potential Climate Change Pressures across the
Conterminous United States: Mapping Plant Hardiness Zones, Heat Zones, Growing Degree Days, and Cumulative Drought Severity throughout this Century https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/55870.
▪ The Office of Sustainability and Climate (OSC) • Drought Gallery
https://usfs.maps.arcgis.com/apps/PublicGallery/index.html?appid=a2a9bef1ca3249e0b4f6c6c4354bc69d
• Climate Gallery https://usfs.maps.arcgis.com/apps/PublicGallery/index.html?appid=a36acbdfdf1a41c28cba918758872504