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DEFENCE OF THE CONSTITUTIONS OF THEUNITED STATES

Volume I

A Da Capo Press Reprint Edition

This Da Capo Press edition of A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America is an unabridged republication of thefirst edition published in London in 1787-1788.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 69-11328 SBN 306-71176-1

Published by Da Capo Press A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street New York, N.Y. 10011 All Rights Reserved

Manufactured in the United States of America

The Constitution US Constitution Constitution Text John Adams John Adams US Government Ancient Greek Defense

Ancient Greek Defense Suisse Swiss Ancient History

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A

DEFENCE

OF THE

CONSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT

OF THE

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

BY JOHN ADAMS, LL. D.

AND A MEMBER OT THE ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES AT BOSTON.

All nature's difference keeps all nature's peace. Pope.

LONDON:

MINTED FOR C. DILLY, IN THE POULTRY.

M.DCC.LXXXVII.

CONTENTS.

[Preface]

LETTER [Subject] Page

I. Preliminary Observations 3

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II. 5

DEMOCRATICAL REPUBLICS.

III. St. Marino 8

IV. Biscay 16

The Grisons 21

The United Provinces of the Low Countries 22

V. Switzerland 22

Appenzel 23

VI. Underwald 26

VII. Glaris 28

VIII. Zug 31

IX. Uri 32

X. Switz 34

ARISTOCRATICAL REPUBLICS.

XI. Berne 35

XII. Fribourg 39

XIII. Soleure 42

XIV. Lucerne 45

XV. Zurich 47

XVI. Schaffhause 49

Mulhouse Bienne 50

XVII. St. Gall 51

Geneva 52

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XVIII. Lucca Genoa 56

XIX. Venice 58

The United Provinces of the Low Countries 69

MONARCHICAL REPUBLICS.

XX. England 70

XXI. Poland 72

XXII. Poland 74

XXIII. Recapitulation 91

PHILOSOPHERS.

XXIV. Dr. Swift 97

XXV. Dr. Franklin 105

XXVI. Dr. Price 121

MIXED GOVERNMENTS.

XXVII. Machiavel 141

XXVIII. Sidney 148

Montesquieu 153

ANCIENT REPUBLICS, AND OPINIONS OF PHILOSOPHERS.

XXIX. Harrington 158

XXX. Polybius 169

XXXI. Polybius 177

XXXII. Dionysius Halicarnassensis Valerius 184

XXXIII. Plato 188

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XXXIV. Sir Thomas Smith 207

ANCIENT DEMOCRATICAL REPUBLICS.

XXXV. Carthage 210

ANCIENT ARISTOCRATICAL REPUBLICS.

XXXVI. Rome 215

ANCIENT MONARCHICAL REPUBLICS.

XXXVII. Tacitus 225

XXXVIII. Homer Phacia 232

XXXIX. Homer Ithaca 237

Homer 242

ANCIENT ARISTOCRATICAL REPUBLICS.

XL. Lacedmon 249

ANCIENT DEMOCRATICAL REPUBLICS.

XLI. Athens 260

XLII. Antalcidas 286

XLIII. Achaia 295

XLIV. Crete 305

XLV. Corinth 308

XLVI. Argos 311

XLVII. Iphitus 315

XLVIII. Thebes 318

ANCIENT ARISTOCRATICAL REPUBLICS.

XLIX. Crotona Pythagoras 322

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ANCIENT DEMOCRATICAL REPUBLICS.

L. Sybaris Charondas 327

LI. Locris Zaleucus 331

LII. Rome 334

CONCLUSION.

LIII. Congress 362

LIV. Locke, Milton, and Hume 365

LV. Conclusion 372

Postscript 383

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