AD-SDI Data Content Standard: Utility

AD-SDI DATA CONTENT STANDARD

UTILITY – WATER

Version 1.0

March 2009

Prepared by

Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre (ADSIC)

Abu Dhabi, UAE

AD-SDI DATA CONTENT STANDARD, Utility-Water, Version 1.0

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REVISION HISTORY

Revision # Reason Effective Date

1 Original Draft March 2009

2 Revised 20 Apr 2009


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... 3

1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 4

2 Scope, purpose, and application ................................................................... 4

2.1 Scope ................................................................................................................................. 4

2.2 Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 4

2.3 Application ....................................................................................................................... 5

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................... 6

4 Symbols, abbreviated terms, and notations ................................................ 6

5 Content Model ................................................................................................ 7

5.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 7

5.2 Water Transmission System Overview ......................................................................... 7

5.3 Water Distribution System Overview ........................................................................... 8

6 UML Model .................................................................................................... 9

6.1 UML Model for Water Transmission Network ............................................................ 9

6.2 UML Model for Water Distribution Network ............................................................ 10

7 Data Dictionary ............................................................................................ 11

7.1 Data Dictionary for Water Transmission ................................................................... 11 7.1.1 Network Component .................................................................................................... 11 7.1.2 Water Line .................................................................................................................... 13 7.1.3 Network Structure ........................................................................................................ 16

7.2 Data Dictionary for Water Distribution...................................................................... 18 7.2.1 Network Components ................................................................................................... 18

7.2.2 Water Line Features ..................................................................................................... 21 7.2.3 Network Structure Features .......................................................................................... 24


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1 Introduction

The primary purpose of this part of the FGDS Data Content Standard is to support the

exchange of water utility data. This part seeks to establish a common baseline for the

semantic content of utility databases for public agencies and private enterprises. It also seeks

to simplify the exchange of water utility data among entities within the AD-SDI community.

Benefits of adopting this part of the standard include the long-term improvement of the utility

network data within the AD-SDI community and avoidance of data duplication.

The FGDS Data Content Standard for water utility data is developed with a certain

philosophy which includes the following concepts:

Keep it simple; have the fewest data elements possible, but make those data elements

mandatory. This encourages use of the part.

Use single data types, for example, coordinate types. Different organizations store

their data or make them available using a variety of data types, for example, latitude

longitude, UTM coordinates, Nahrwan datum, WGS84 datum and so on. Because the

data provider, the organization creating the data, is the one most knowledgeable about

their data, they should be responsible for converting their data into this single data

type. Multiple data types would make the part less useful to data users.

Require metadata supporting how the utility data was compiled and how their

corresponding accuracy values were estimated.

2 Scope, purpose, and application

2.1 Scope

Water utility data encompasses a wide range of spatial data entities that are fundamental to

many GIS applications. Water utility data sets pertaining to the supply of water are normally

considered key elements of base maps and serves as essential reference data in this context.

The datasets are also of interest because they include many elements critical to the public and

private infrastructure and provide services in daily life of citizens. The reliable functioning

of the increasingly complex, inter-connected, and inter-dependent utility infrastructures

including electric, water, and gas supply systems, wastewater systems, and communications

is vital for the security, economic prosperity, and social well-being of the Emirate.

2.2 Purpose

In the context of AD-SDI, this document defines the water utility data theme to include those

geographic entities that are explicitly designated for providing potable water or services. As

such, this data theme includes layers such as pipelines, network structures, and network


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components. Not included in the water utility data theme are most hydrological features such

as underground water sources, even if related to water utility, which are included in

hydrology data theme.

2.3 Application

This part of the FGDS Data Content Standard is intended to facilitate a common

methodology to manage and share water utility datasets among the AD-SDI community.

At small and medium scales, water utility data will normally include only transmission

features and facilities. At large scale, water utility data will include both transmission and

distribution level features as well as further level of detail, such as individual house

connections or meters.

The data set contains water line features, network component features, and network

structure features involved in the water transmission and water distribution networks. The

water utility features often provide good landmarks for orientation and navigation purposes

because of their large size. They can also provide a quick visualization of the infrastructure

elements located in an area. The various utility features when combined together offer a high-

level appreciation of the degree of infrastructure interdependency.


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3 Terms and definitions

4 Symbols, abbreviated terms, and notations

The following symbols, abbreviations, and notations are applicable to this document.

Symbols, abbreviations, and notations applicable to multiple parts are listed in the Base

Document.

ADWEA - Abu Dhabi Water & Electricity Authority

ADDC - Abu Dhabi Distribution Company

AADC - Al Ain Distribution Company

TRANSCO - Abu Dhabi Transmission & Dispatch Company

FAC – Final Acceptance Certificate

PAC – Provisional Acceptance Certificate

WGS 84 – World Geodetic System of 1984


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5 Content Model

5.1 General

Potable water facilities refer to the entire potable water sector infrastructure services

including water production, water transmission and water distribution. This information is

currently owned by ADWEA and its affiliated companies, primarily ADDC, AADC and

TRANSCO. ADWEA companies maintain detailed water system information down to the

schematic configurations within pumping stations, but generally most stakeholders in the

AD-SDI community only need to know the general routing and characteristics of the water

system features, including basic attribution such as pipe size, and material.

The GIS at ADWEA is implemented using internationally accepted data models that have

been adapted to meet the specific business needs. The process of updating the water utility

network data is institutionalized at the most local levels, with the updating being carried out

on a daily basis as part of ongoing business transactions.

5.2 Water Transmission System Overview

The water that is consumed for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes in the

Emirate of Abu Dhabi, originates from a source, usually from desalination plants located at

the power stations, or underground aquifer water resources. For communities that do not have

a local water supply such as water wells, a transmission network is built to transport the water

from the source to the destination communities.

Transmission systems are typically composed of aqueducts, tunnels, connecting devices, and

pumping facilities. In a transmission system, all of the pipes, devices, and pumping facilities

tend to be large; the network system is relatively simple; and the networks can span hundreds

of kilometers as they push water over the land divides, under the sea, channels, and across

deserts to population centers.

As the transmission system delivers water to a community, the transmission system connects

with the local water distribution system. Usually there are treatment plants and pump stations

that ensure water quality and control the flow and pressure of water into the distribution

system. Many treatment plants and pump stations also have adjacent storage facilities to

provide adequate flow when water demand exceeds the capacity of the transmission system.

Typical devices include pumps, chemical injectors, aerators, motors, and generators.

Data set includes location information on pumping stations, and transmission pressurized

main pipes including pumping stations names and total capacity for common reference and

coordination among the various stakeholders. Elevation information as well as basic

characteristics of pipes are included as well as information on trenches locations, channels,

chambers and ducts.


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5.3 Water Distribution System Overview

The distribution system typically involves a much smaller geographic area compared to the

transmission network, but the complexity of the distribution network is much higher than the

transmission network. Some water distribution systems are designed as looped networks

because they are designed to provide a continuous flow of pressurized water throughout the

network even when some sections of the network are temporarily isolated to effect repair and

replacement activities. The looping of the network also tends to provide for pressure

equalization throughout the water network. Operating water system valves can isolate areas

of the water network. The looping of the water mains requires fittings such as tees and

crosses to connect multiple pipes at a junction. Other fittings, such as couplers, bends, and

reducers, permit the connection of separate physical pipe segments.

Ultimately, water is distributed to residential and commercial water customers. Often tapping

sleeves are employed to connect half to two-inch service pipes to a larger water main to

provide residential service. Most commercial and residential services are metered for billing

purposes.

Data sets include location information of water distribution pipes and system valves. Also

included are elevation information as well as basic characteristics of pipes with information

on trenches locations and ducts.


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6 UML Model

This section provides the UML models for the water transmission and water distributions

networks.

6.1 UML Model for Water Transmission Network

-Subtype

Trunk Main Pipe-Length M-Width M-Depth M

-Subtype

Chamber

Water Transmission Network

-Subtype

Air Control Valve

-Subtype

Supply Main Pipe

-Subtype

Gravity Pipe

-Name-Subtype

Water Structure

-Length M-Width M-Height M

-Nominal Diameter M

Tank

-Subtype

System Valve

-Name-Subtype

Water Facility

-Material-Subtype

Casing

-Pipe diameter mm-Life Cycle Status

Water Line

-Life Cycle Status

Network Structure

-Elevation-Life Cycle Status

Network Component

Figure 1: UML Model for Water Transmission


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6.2 UML Model for Water Distribution Network

-Subtype

Main Pipe-Length M-Width M

-Depth M

Chamber

Water Distribution Network

-Subtype

Hydrant-Subtype

Sector Main Pipe

-Subtype

Gravity Pipe

-Subtype

Service Line

-Name-Subtype

Water Structure

-Length M-Width M-Height M

-Nominal Diameter-Subtype

Tank

-Subtype

System Valve

-Material

-Subtype

Casing

-Subtype

Air Control Valve

-Pipe diameter mm-Life Cycle Status

Water Line

-Life Cycle Status

Network Structure

-Elevation-Life Cycle Status

Network Component

Figure 2: UML Model for Water Distribution


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7 Data Dictionary

The water utility infrastructure is composed of objects to be modeled such as Pump Stations,

Valves, and Pipeline segments. These components are grouped into three general logical

categories: Water Line, Water Network Components, and Water Network Structures.

7.1 Data Dictionary for Water Transmission

The following metadata elements allow tracking of changes made by the user to any feature

within the data model.

Table 1: Metadata for Water Transmission Features

CreationUser Identifies the user that created the data.

DateCreated States the date the new data was created.

DateModified States the date that any data was modified on.

LastUser Identifies the last user that modified any data.

7.1.1 Network Component

The Water facility constitutes the main components of the water transmission system. The

main function of the water facility is to control the capacity of the water transmission system

by regulating the pressures and the flows throughout the pipe network.

Table 2 Data Dictionary for Network Components of Water Transmission network

Network Component This is an abstract class to store the following attributes common to Network

Components.

Elevation The elevation, above mean sea level, of the water component item in meters.

Life Cycle Status Indicates the present status of the component. The value of this attribute is extracted

from a value domain that includes the following options: Active (default),

Abandoned, App. Design, Decommissioned, FAC, PAC, Proposed, Removed,

Standby, Temporary, To be transferred, Under Commission, Under Construction,

Warranty

System Valve A System Valve is a device that is installed on the transmission line to control and

regulate the flow of water in the distribution system. A system valve can be used to


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manipulate flows and pressures throughout the distribution system by partially

opening and closing its mechanism.

Subtype See Table 3 for subtypes of System Valve

Air Control Valve An Air Control Valve controls the pressure in the water system by allowing the

water to pass through a closed throttle plate, permitting the system to idle.

Subtype See Table 4 for subtypes of Air Control Valve

Tank A Tank is a container with a defined storage capacity, where the volume of stored

water can vary with time.

Length M The length of the tank, in meters.

Width M The width of the tank, in meters.

Height M The height of the tank, in meters.

Nominal Diameter M The nominal diameter of the tank in meters.

Table 3: Subtypes of System Valve for Water Transmission Network

Trans_Butterfly A valve that utilizes a rotating disk element to regulate flow in a pipe.

Trans_Washout A valve at the low point of a pipeline to allow drainage of the line.

Trans_Gate A valve with a disk-shaped closing element that fits tightly over an opening through

which water passes.

Trans_Plug A valve fitted with a plug that has a hole through which fluids flows and that is

rotatable through 90º for operation in the open or closed position.

Trans_NonReturn A one-way valve for preventing flowing down back into the cask.

Table 4: Subtypes of Air Control Valve for Water Transmission Network

Trans_ Air Control A valve that is used to let air leave through a closed throttle plate, allowing the

system to idle.

Trans_Air Release A valve used to release air from a water pipe or fitting.


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Trans_Altitude A valve that adjusts the composition of the air mixture admitted into the system as the

air density varies with altitude.

7.1.2 Water Line

There are assorted types of pipes used in the transmission of water. The main function of the

pipeline network is to convey water from the production companies to the distribution

companies. The Pressurized Main is a type of water transmission conduit that is used in the

transmission of water that has a relatively wide range of diameters and carries the water from

the generation source to the pumping stations. These pipes are characterized by being

pressurized due to the reason that the water that they convey is pumped through.

Table 5 Data Dictionary for Water Line features of Water Transmission network

Water Line This is an abstract class to store the following attributes common to Water line

features.

Pipe Diameter mm The nominal diameter of the pipe in (mm). This value is extracted from a value

domain that includes the various diameter sizes.

Life Cycle Status Indicates the present status of the pipeline. The value of this attribute is extracted

from a value domain that includes the following options: Active (default),

Abandoned, App. Design, Decommissioned, FAC, PAC, Proposed, Removed,


Warranty

Gravity Pipe A Gravity Pipe is a pipe that conveys water by using the force of gravity.

Subtype See Table 6 for a list of Gravity Pipe subtypes.

Supply Main Pipe The Supply Main Pipe is a type of Pressurized Main that transports the water from

the source to the pumping stations. In addition, the Supply Main Pipe can branch off

and provide water to the company’s customers along the stretch of the pipeline,

before entering the pump station.

Subtype See Table 7 for a list of Supply Main Pipe subtypes.

Trunk Main Pipe This is a type of Pressurized Main Pipe that transports water from the generation

stations to the pumping stations for distribution.

Subtype See Table 8 for a list of Trunk Main Pipe subtypes.


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Table 6: Subtype for Gravity Pipe in Water Transmission Network

Trans_Inline Storage A pipe connecting tanks within the pump station, by gravity.

Trans_Transport A pipe that conveys water from one tank to another over long distances, by gravity.

Trans_Drain A pipe that carries off surface water.

Trans_Washout A pipe carrying the residual water in a the tank to a drain, during the emptying of the

tank.

Trans_Outfall A drainage pipe that discharges water into the sea or river.

Trans_Overflow Pipe protruding above the surface of a liquid in a container, to control the height of the

liquid. The excess liquid enters the pipe’s open end and drains away, to washout pipe.

Storm Drain A drain which conducts storm surface, water drainage to a discharge point.

Trans_Suction A pipe that carries water from the tanks to a suction header pipe, in a pumping station.

The suction pipe equalizes the head as it is collected off different tanks.

Trans_Suction

Header

A pipe that carries the conveyed water from the suction pipe to the pumps, in a

pumping station. The suction header pipe equalizes the pressure of the collected water

prior it entering the pumps.

Trans_Inlet A gravity pipe that is used to input water into a water network component.

Trans_Outlet A gravity pipe that is used to output water from a water network component.

Table 7: Subtype for Supply Main Pipe in Water Transmission Network

Trans_Pressurized Main A pressurized main that is laid around the sectors. It feeds the sector mains.

Trans_Pipe Bridge Main A segment of the Trans_PressurizedRingMain pipe that becomes exposed and

rises above the ground.

Trans_Road Crossing

Main

A segment of an underground Trans_PressurizedRingMain pipe that crosses a

road.

Trans_ByPass Main A pipeline within the Tans_PressurizedRingMain that acts as an alternate flow

route for a pipe, if a segment ahead is malfunctioning.


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Trans_Header A pipe that collects pressurized water, which has been discharged off a set of

pumps, from a series of pipes and propels it into the pressurized ring main. The

main function of the header pipe is to equalize the pressure of the water that has

been collected off the discharged water.

Trans_Pressurized Inlet A pressurized pipe that is used to input water into a water network component.

Trans_Pressurized Outlet A pressurized pipe that is used to output water from a water network component.

Table 8: Subtype for Trunk Main Pipe in Water Transmission Network

Trans_Trunk Main A pressurized pipeline that transports water from generation stations to the

pumping stations for distribution.

Trans_Trunk Main ByPass A segment of a pipeline that acts as an alternate flow route for a pipe, if a

segment ahead is malfunctioning.

Trans_Trunk Pipe Bridge A segment of a running pipeline that becomes exposed and rises above the

ground.

Trans__Trunk Main Road

Crossing

A segment of an underground trunk main pipe that crosses a road.

Trans_Trunk Main Submarine A segment of the trunk main pipe that is running beneath a sea or a river.


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7.1.3 Network Structure

Table 9 Data Dictionary for Network Structures of Water Transmission network

Network Structure This is an abstract class to store the following attributes common to Network Structure

features.

Life Cycle Status Indicates the present status of the Network Structure feature. The value of this attribute

is extracted from a value domain that includes the following options: Active (default),

Abandoned, App. Design, Decommissioned, FAC, PAC, Proposed, Removed, Standby,

Temporary, To be transferred, Under Commission, Under Construction, Warranty

Water Structure A Water Structure is the fixed structure which gives the actual boundary of Tanks,

Pump Halls etc.

Name The name or type of the water structure.

Subtype See Table 10 for a list of Water Structure types.

Water Facility A Water Facility is a type of Water Feature that consists of large features that are used

to house or logically group other equipment in the water system.

Name The name or type of the water facility.

Subtype See Table 11 for a list of Water Facility types.

Casing A Casing is a type of protective structure that surrounds or encloses a water line in

order to protect it from physical damage or contamination.

Material The type of material the casing is made of. The types are extracted from a value domain

that includes the following options: Cast Iron, Concrete, Steel, GRP and Other.

Subtype See Table 12 for a list of Casing types.

Chamber A Chamber is comprised of a structure which contains components of the water facility.

It provides access to the water facility components for maintenance and control.

Length M The length of the chamber, in meters.

Width M The width of the chamber, in meters.

Depth M The depth of the chamber, in meters.


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Subtype The type of chamber is usually governed by the water facility that exists in the

chamber. The types are extracted from a value domain that includes the following

options: System Valve Chamber, Air Control Valve Chamber, Pressure Control Valve

Chamber, Flow Control Valve Chamber, Washout Chamber and Meter Chamber.

Table 10: Subtype for Water Structure

Trans_Storage Facility A large container for holding or storing a water.

Trans_Storage Basin An area drained by a given stream and its tributaries.

Trans_Pump Hall A room or locality for housing water pumps.

Chlorinator Room The locality where the water is chlorinated for disinfection.

Table 11: Subtype for Water Facility

Pumping Station A building in which two or more pumps operate to supply fluid flowing at adequate

pressure to a distribution system.

Tank Farms A boundary which is the group of Tanks/Reservoirs to store the water and supply with

adequate pressure to the sink point.

Table 12: Subtype for Casing

Casement A protective cover that surrounds the water pipeline, used primarily in situations when

the pipeline is underneath a road or in cases where the pipe is at a very shallow depth.

Sleeve A cylindrical protective casing designed to fit over the length of the pipeline.

Protective Tunnel A protective hollow structure that may contain up to several pipes running along within

the structure.

Access Tunnel An accessible underground tunnel structure that contains water or other utilities that

may be running through.

Duct A protective structure that encases a pipeline. It is usually placed underneath road

crossings.


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7.2 Data Dictionary for Water Distribution

The following metadata elements allow tracking of changes made by the user to any feature

within the data model.

Table 13: Metadata for Water Distribution Features

CreationUser Identifies the user that created the data.

DateCreated States the date the new data was created.

DateModified States the date that any data was modified on.

LastUser Identifies the last user that modified any data.

7.2.1 Network Components

The Water facility constitutes the main components of the water distribution system. The

main function of the water facility is to control the capacity of the water distribution system

by regulating the pressures and the flows throughout the pipe network.

Table 14 Data Dictionary for Network Components of Water Distribution network

Network Components This is an abstract class to store the following attributes common to Network

Component features.

Elevation The elevation, above mean sea level, of the network component in meters.

Life Cycle Status Indicates the present status of the Network Component feature. The value of this

attribute is extracted from a value domain that includes the following options: Active

(default), Abandoned, App. Design, Decommissioned, FAC, PAC, Proposed, Removed,


Warranty

System Valve A System Valve is a device that is installed on the distribution line to control and

regulate the flow of water in the distribution system. A system valve can be used to

manipulate flows and pressures throughout the distribution system by partially opening

and closing its mechanism.

Subtype See Table 14 for list of subtypes.

Hydrant A hydrant is a water facility installed on the distribution system as a fire fighting


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mechanism. In addition, hydrants are also being used to sample, drain and flush the

distribution network as per requirement.


Tank A Tank is a container with a defined storage capacity, where the volume of stored water

can vary with time.

Length M The length of the tank, in meters.

Width M The width of the tank, in meters.

Height M The height of the tank, in meters.

Nominal Diameter M The nominal diameter of the tank, if applicable, in meters.

Subtype See Table 16 for a list of subtypes.

Air Control Valve A valve that allows the release of air in the system, through a closed throttle plate,

permitting the system to idle.

Subtype See Table 17 for a list of subtypes.

Table 15: Subtype for Water Distribution System Valve

Ball A valve in which the water is regulated by a ball moving relative to a spherical socket

as a result of water pressure and the weight of the ball. Ball valves are quick opening,

full flow valves, needing only a quarter of a turn to be fully open. A ball with a non-

restricting port rides in a valve body on plastic non-sticking seats. Ball valves can

provide a bubble tight seal. The ball valve can be used for full flow and control

functions on retorts.

Butterfly A valve that utilizes a rotating disk element to regulate flow in a pipe.

Washout A valve at the low point of a pipeline to allow drainage of the line.

Gate A valve with a disk-shaped closing element that fits tightly over an opening through

which water passes.

Globe A valve that regulates flow in a pipeline. It is comprised of a movable disk-type part

and a ring seat in a generally spherical body. Globe valves are extensively used for the

control of flow and where positive shut off is required. This is a free discharge valve

that is designed to regulate flow from reservoirs and dams. This valve is commonly

used as a turbine bypass valve, reservoir drain, or continuous discharge flow control

valve.


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Non Return This is a one-way valve for preventing flowing down back into the cask.

Ball Float A dual metal seated valve used for shutoff and control in scaling, plating, high pressure

drop, and digester blow down applications. The floating ball ensures tight, bi-

directional shutoff and the highest possible flow rates.

Table 16: Subtype for Water Distribution Hydrant

Pillar A column hydrant structure of which fire hoses may connect to an outlet from a water

main.

Underground A structure of which fire hoses may connect to an underground outlet from a water main.

Table 17: Subtype of Water Distribution Tank

Underground A storage tank that is situated below the surface of the ground.

Ground A storage tank that is situated on the ground.

Hill Top A storage tank that is situated on the top of a hill, either natural or man-made.

Elevated Tower A storage tank that has been lifted up by a supporting structure.

Tower A storage tank that has been lifted up by a supporting structure.

Ground Reservoir A reservoir that has a grade level equal to the ground level.

Underground Reservoir A reservoir that has a maximum level equal to the ground level.

Table 18: Subtype of Air Control Valve

Air Control A valve that is used to let air leave through a closed throttle plate, allowing the system to idle.

Air Release A valve used to release air from a water pipe or fitting.

Altitude A valve that adjusts the composition of the air mixture admitted into the system as the air density

varies with altitude.


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7.2.2 Water Line Features

The water distribution conduit constitutes the assorted types of pipes used in the distribution

of water. The main function of the pipeline network is to convey water from the transmission

company or Well fields to the consumers.

Table 19 Data Dictionary for Water Line features of Water Distribution network

Water Line This is an abstract class to store the following attributes common to Water Line

features.

Pipe Diameter mm The nominal diameter of the pipe in (mm). This value is extracted from a value

domain that includes the various diameter sizes.

Life Cycle Status Indicates the present status of the pipe. The value of this attribute is extracted from a

value domain that includes the following options: Active (default), Abandoned, App.

Design, Decommissioned, FAC, PAC, Proposed, Removed, Standby, Temporary, To

be transferred, Under Commission, Under Construction, Warranty

Gravity Pipe A Gravity Pipe is a pipe used for the transportation of water from tanks to other

destinations through the use of gravity.


Main Pipe The Main Pipe is a type of distribution pipe that transports the water from the source

to the sector mains and primarily runs along major roads and supplies water to

several sectors.


Sector Main Pipe This is a type of Pressurized Main Line that transports water from the Pressurized

Ring Main to the Service Lines that exist within the sectors.


Service Line The Service Line is a type of a water conduit that supplies any customer with water

by connecting the customer’s premises with the main network.


Casing A Casing is a type of protection structures that surrounds or encloses a water line in


Material The type of material the casing is made of. The types are extracted from a value

domain that includes the following options: Cast Iron, Concrete, Steel, GRP and


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Other.


Table 20: Subtype for Water Distribution Gravity Pipe

In-line Storage A pipe connecting tanks within the pump station, by gravity.

Transport Pipe A pipe that conveys water from one tank to another over long distances, by gravity.

Drain A pipe that carries off surface water.

Washout A pipe carrying the residual water in the tank to a drain, during the emptying of the

tank.

Outfall A drainage pipe that discharges water into the sea or river.

Overflow Pipe protruding above the surface of a liquid in a container, to control the height of

the liquid. The excess liquid enters the pipe’s open end and drains away, to washout

pipe.

Storm Drain A drain which conducts storm surface, water drainage to a discharge point.

Suction A pipe that carries water from the tanks to a suction header pipe, in a pumping

station. The suction pipe equalizes the head as it is collected off different tanks.

Suction Header A pipe that carries the conveyed water from the suction pipe to the pumps, in a

pumping station. The suction header pipe equalizes the pressure of the collected water

prior it entering the pumps.

Inlet A gravity pipe that is used to input water into a water network component.

Outlet A gravity pipe that is used to output water from a water network component.

Gravity feed pipe Water Distribution Pipeline that transports the water through difference in grade from

an elevated tank.

Table 21: Subtype for Water Distribution Main Pipe

Pressurized Main A pressurized main that is usually laid outside sectors and runs mainly in one


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direction, as opposed as running in loops around sectors.

Pipe Bridge A segment of the Pressurized Ring Main pipe that becomes exposed and rises above

the ground.

Road Crossing A segment of an underground Pressurized Ring Main pipe that crosses a road.

Bypass A pipeline within the Pressurized Ring Main that acts as an alternate flow route for a

pipe, if a segment ahead is malfunctioning.

Header A pipe that collects pressurized water, which has been discharged off a set of pumps,

from a series of pipes and propels it into the Pressurized Ring Main. The main

function of the header pipe is to equalize the pressure of the water that has been

collected off the discharged water.

Pressurized Ring Main A pressurized main that is laid around the sectors. It feeds the sector mains.

Pressurized Inlet A pressurized pipe that is used to input water into a water network component.

Pressurized Outlet A pressurized pipe that is used to output water from a water network component.

Gathering Line A pipe that gathers water from different sources (e.g. wells)

Table 22: Subtype for Water Distribution Sector Main Pipe

Sector Main A pressurized pipeline that transports water within the sectors to the service lines.

Sector Bypass A pipeline within the sector that acts as an alternate flow route for a pipe, if a segment

ahead is malfunctioning.

Sector Pipe Bridge A segment of a pipeline within a sector that becomes exposed and rises above the

ground.

Sector Road Crossing A segment of an underground sector pipe that crosses a road.

Table 23: Subtype for Water Distribution Service Line

Feed Pipe A service pipe that connects the Common Connection or Service Pipe to the

consumer’s property. The Feed pipe and the Common Connection/Service Pipe

connect at the Service Valve Chamber.

Common Connection A service pipe that is tapped from the sector main and connects to the Service Valve


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Chamber. This pipe is used in cases when many house connections are being supplied

from the same tap point.

Service Header A service pipe that is usually found in cases when several connections are required for

the same property. The header pipe equalizes the pressure within the pipes, to supply

a uniform pressure for all the connections.

Service Pipe A service pipe is tapped to the water distribution main and is laid to the service valve.

7.2.3 Network Structure Features

Table 24 Data Dictionary for Network Structure of Water Distribution network

Network Structure This is an abstract class to store the following attributes common to Network Structure

features.

Life Cycle Status Indicates the present status of the Network Structure feature. The value of this attribute

is extracted from a value domain that includes the following options: Active (default),

Abandoned, App. Design, Decommissioned, FAC, PAC, Proposed, Removed, Standby,

Temporary, To be transferred, Under Commission, Under Construction, Warranty

Water Structure A Water Structure is a type of water feature that consist of large features that are used

to house or logically group other equipment in the water system.

Name The name or type of the water structure.

Subtype See Table 25 for a list of Water Structure types.

Chamber Chamber is a structure constructed to protect or to contain a physical component of the

water distribution network.

Length M The length of the chamber, in meters.

Width M The width of the chamber, in meters.

Depth M The depth of the chamber, in meters.

Casing A Casing is a type of protection structures that surrounds or encloses a water line in


Material The type of material the casing is made of. The types are extracted from a value domain

that includes the following options: Cast Iron, Concrete, Steel, GRP and Other.


of 25


Table 25: Subtype for Water Structure in Water Distribution

Water Storage Facility A large container for holding or storing a water.

Well Fields A supply of water produced out of a hole in the earth to reach a supply of water.

Pump Station A building in which two or more pumps operates to supply fluid flowing at

adequate pressure to a distribution system.

Storage Basin An area drained by a given stream and its tributaries.

Desalination Plant A facility that removes the salt from the water produced by the wells.

Treatment Plant A facility that purifies water to make it suitable for drinking or for any other use.

Tanker Filling Station A facility that supplies water tankers with drinkable water.

Table 26: Subtype for Casing in Water Distribution

Casement A protective cover that surrounds the water pipeline, used primarily in situations when

the pipeline is underneath a road or in cases where the pipe is at a very shallow depth.

Sleeve A cylindrical protective casing designed to fit over the length of the pipeline.

Protective Tunnel A protective hollow structure that may contain up to several pipes running along

within the structure.

Access Tunnel An accessible underground tunnel structure that contains water or other utilities that

may be running through.

Duct A protective structure that encases a pipeline. It is usually placed underneath road

crossings.

Slab Concrete slab

AD-SDI Data Content Standard: Utility

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