Ad Pc Cities

7/28/2019 Ad Pc Cities

1/32

Promoting Urban Disaster

Preparedness and Mitigation: MakingAsian Cities Safer

By A.J. Rego & Arambepola (ADPC)7th IIASA-DPRI Forum

Coping with Disaster: Challenges for the 21st Century andBeyond

20th September 2007 - Stresa, Italy


2/32

Growing Cities at Risk from Natural

and Technological Hazards By 2004 half worlds population living in urban areas

At least 80% of population growth in the 1990s occurred in

urban areas 17of the 20 largest cities in the world are in developing

countries - many exposed to EQ, landslide, flooding hazard

25 largest cities have over8 mill. inhabitants

Average number of victims in disaster is 150 times greaterin developing world mega city than in a developed countrymega city

Road accidents, industrial, chemical and transportaccidents are a growing threat


3/32

Cities are vulnerable to disaster

risk because of - Rapid urbanization

Rural - urban migration

Growing population - already stretched resources

Poor living standards - build without considerationof safety (time pressures) + in hazard prone areas

Lack of public awareness to hazards/risks Building codes are poorly enforced or non-existent

Environmental degradation - resource depletion -lowers resilience


4/32

Cities are vulnerable to disaster

risk because of - (2) Increased risk of industrial/technological hazards -

(secondary impacts eg. fire/radiation)

Densely packed housing - health risk

Disruption to draining channels due to uncontrolled urbangrowth - flooding

Inadequate management or provision of services - waste +sewage disposal, clean water access

The poor building informal settlements on low qualityland; which are important . banks


5/32

Vulnerability of the Asian Region

Asia is famous for its

great diversities andalso for disparities .

Half of the total worldpopulation live in Eight

disaster prone countries

China, India, Indonesia,Bangladesh, Japan,Philippines, Vietnam,

Thailand


6/32

Top Two Worst Disasters in Asia 2004

Typhoon Nanmadol, Philippines (November) winds of 220

km/hr - at least 412 deaths

Indian Ocean Tsunami and EQ (December) - Affecting:

Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Malaysia,Thailand, Maldives - death toll at least 212,000


7/32

The 2 deadliest disasters of 2006 were both in Asia

-Indonesian EQ (May) killing 5,778

-Typhoon Durian (Philippines, Dec.) killing 1,399

Top Two Worst Disasters in Asia in 2006


8/32

Earthquake Vulnerability in Asia

Exposure (People/year)

> 100'000

10'000 - 10'000

1'000 - 10'000

100 - 1'000

10 - 100


9/32

Earthquakes in Asia

The Pacific rim experiences 90%of all the worlds earthquakes.

In 1976, China had the most deadly earthquake ever known. Itkilled 800,000 people.

More than 50 cities in Asia with apopulation greater than

1,000,000 are at significant riskfor an earthquake. Recent major events are Iran in 2003, Indonesia in

2004,2005,2006, Pakistan in 2005,


10/32

Flood Vulnerability in Asia

Exposure (People/Year)

> 100'000

10'000 - 100'000

1'000 - 10'000

100 - 1'000

10 - 100


11/32

Flooding in Asia

The year 2000 saw the worst flooding in 60 years forVietnams Mekong Delta region, 40 years forCambodia, 35 years for Laos, and in a century forwestern Bangladesh and West Bengal, India.

Year 2007 August Floods in India, Nepal andBangladesh caused significant economic losses

Recent events in 2007 show major threat is from flashfloods which is evident from Nepal, Bhutan,

Thailand, Philippines


12/32

Cyclones/Typhoon Exposure in

Asia

Exposure (People/year)

> 100'000

10'000 - 100'000

1'000 - 10'000

100 - 1'000

10 - 100


13/32

Cyclones/Typhoons in Asia

There were 95 major storms in SE Asia and the Pacificregions between 1980-2000.

Since 1970, cyclones have killed an estimated 1.5million in Bangladesh.

The October 1999 storm surge in Orissa, India, affected15 million people, killed 9,500 people, destroyed 3

million homes, and left seven million people homeless. Recent major events were in Karachci Pakistan in 2007,Vietnam and Philippines in 2006


14/32

Volcano Occurrence


15/32

Volcanoes in Asia

Of the 16 largest eruptions inthe last two centuries, fiveoccurred in Asia. Three ofthese, all in Indonesia, killed

130,000 people. The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo

in 1991 was the secondlargest eruption of the 20thcentury.

The Philippines, Indonesia,and Papua New Guinea areall at significant risk for

volcanic eruptions.

Mt. Pinatubo 1991


16/32

Asian Cities at Risk

37%of Asias population lived in

cities by 2000; this will rise to 60%

by 2025

More than 50 citiesin Asia with a

population greater than 1,000,000are

at significant risk from an EQ

Rural to urban migration accounts

for64% of city growth in Asia Of the 10 largest Asian cities; 7 are

prone to multi hazard risks and are

awaiting a catastrophic event


17/32

Making Cities Safer

Promote householdvulnerability reduction measures

Build capacity of local government + emergency services

Decentralization of resources + decision making

Democratic means of DRR planning

Build capacity of community/social groups

Create institutional frameworkfor action

Enforce appropriatebuilding codes + urban planning

guidelines

Hazard assessments - physical/social/economic

Environmental management


18/32

UN-HABITAT Agenda 1996

Agenda actions for disaster prevention:

Appropriate laws & standards for land use, building &planning

Encourage multi stakeholder participation in DM planningespecially vulnerable eg. elderly/disabled

Continued mobilization of domestic & internationalresources for DRR activities

Distribute information on disaster resistant constructionmethods for public works etc.

Facilitate voluntary move of people to less disaster proneareas -ensuring access for all


19/32

UN-HABITAT Agenda 1996 (2)

Training on disaster resistant construction forbuilders/designers/contractors

Upgrade resistance of current infrastructure/critical

facilities Risk mapping and vulnerability assessments

Community focused vulnerability reduction programs

Improve information dissemination on potential hazards

Strengthen technological, scientific & engineering capacityfor monitoring -EWS

Decentralization of authority & resources to enablecapacity building for greater resilience


20/32

Asian Urban Disaster Mitigation

Program (AUDMP) 1995-2004Implemented by ADPC in 20 secondary cities of 8 countries-

Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Nepal,

Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand

Aim: reduce disaster vulnerability of urban populations,infrastructure & lifeline facilities & shelter in Asia

facilitate development ofsustainable mechanisms for

disaster mitigation build capacity of all stakeholders to mitigate disaster risks

promote replication and adaptation of successful mitigationmeasures elsewhere


21/32

AUDMP Project Locations

QuickTime and a

TIFF (LZW) decompressorare needed to s ee this picture.

Safer Cities 12: Demonstration Housing

Construction for Landslide and Flood

Prone Areas (Sri Lanka)


22/32

Why Secondary Cities are a Priority for

DRR Programs

Secondary versus Mega Cities -

Greater vulnerability - from rapid uncontrolledurbanization

High migration rates -greater need for housing &services

Economic growth attracts investment

In mega cities problems difficult to identify &

solutions complex to implement Greater chance of success & measurable change

More manageable communities & simplerinstitutionally


23/32

AUDMP Measurable Results

5 of 8 targeted city emergency preparedness & responseplans written or revised

95% of the 75% targeted public & private sectorprofessionals working with AUDMP initiated disastermitigation training

43,000 households benefited from AUDMP sponsoreddisaster vulnerability reduction activities

5 regional networks, 209 organizations & 1,760 disaster

mitigation professionals participating in AUDMP regionalinformation network -started with 33 organizations only

In 2002 ADPCs Urban Strategy Asia 2020 expandedADPCs outreach from 30 to 100 cities


24/32

Program for Hydro-Meteorological Disaster

Mitigation in Secondary Cities in Asia

(PROMISE) 2005-2008 Phase I5 highly vulnerable urbanizing cities: Chittagong (Bangladesh),

Hyderabad (Pakistan), Dagupan (Philippines), Kalutara (Sri Lanka) & Da

Nang (Vietnam) - linked to watersheds, river basins or at risk coastal belts

Aim: to reduce vulnerability of urban communities to hydro-

meteorological disasters in S + SEAsia to measurably alleviate humansuffering, prevent loss of life, and reduce the potential for physical and

economic damage through:

City demonstration projects

Regional + national capacity building

Advocacy for mainstreaming of risk management in urban governance

Regional network + information dissemination


25/32


26/32

PROMISE - Philippines:

Dagupan City

Problem: reduced capacity of rivers due toheavy rains, upstream bank erosionclogging channel & transport of laharmaterial - causing floods (eg. 1990)

Solutions:Technical Working Group -plan, monitor,

document, train and maintain

Capacity building of community &

authoritiesWork with stakeholders

Risk Communication Plan

Institutional change - Disaster PreparednessDay (July 16th)


27/32

ADPC Urban Strategy Asia 2020

ADPC and partners working with 100 cities to reduce urban

vulnerability and build disaster resilient communities

through 4 strategies:

Planning and Building Safer Cities

Emergency Management & Response Planning for Cities

Public Awareness Campaigns

Knowledge Development & Capacity Building:


28/32

Specific Action

a) How- to resource toolkitsthat translate awareness intoaction

b) Specific UDRM focussed

courses targeted at city &national officials & privatesector developers

c) Partnerships with urbanauthorities & regional citynetworks (Citynet, ICMA,IULA, ICLEZ)

d) Safer sister city partnerships

& network


29/32

Linking Climate Change to Urban

Risk Reduction Study areas where improvement to governance structure is

needed to enhance resilience of the poor communities inthe urban coastal low-lying areas

Analyse trends in primary (meteorological) events andsecondary impacts (health hazards, slope destabilizationetc) in built up areas to assess consequences of sea levelrise & impact in urban coastal areas

The scientific community in Asia has not yet undertaken

adequate interest in conducting multi- sectoral studies tounderstand & prepare inventories of the climate changeimpacts on coastal ecosystems


30/32

Long Term Strategies for DRR

There is an urgent need to make risk mitigation one of theessential components of urban governance and creating

policy, legal and institutional arrangements to ensure saferurban communities

The city level risk maps, using GPS and RS techniquestransforming the community knowledge into formal

products, can be integrated in other maps to see thechanging risk scenario

Ensure access to information by public

Urban community based approach to convert thevictimized communities to a resource


31/32

Long Term Strategies for DRR (2)

Participatory approach for scenario building, risk

assessment & action planning can also generate much

needed awareness

Ensuring safer housing & shelter, capable of withstanding

hazard events, require quality assurance of housing

construction and infrastructure as an essential part of urban

risk reduction

Making the private sector partner in development means itshould also shoulder some responsibility in urban DRR


32/32

Long Term Strategies for DRR (3)

Activating poor and motivating them to become resilientagainst natural calamities is an answer to the key issue of

poverty reduction

Vulnerability reduction should be integrated into the

development process so that it can contribute tosustainability, empowerment & community resilience

Support the implementation aspects of Hyogo Frameworkof Action & create more awareness about HFA

Advocate strongly for decentralization of disaster riskmanagement functions to local government sector &integrating in other sector based programs as a routine

practice to facilitate building safer communities

Mainstream DRR into local governance

Ad Pc Cities

Documents

Transcript of Ad Pc Cities