Active Learning Lecture Slides For use with Classroom Response Systems Statistical Inference:...

Active Learning Lecture Slides

For use with Classroom Response Systems

Statistical Inference: Significance Tests

about Hypotheses

9.1 Does a p-value equal to 0.41 show strong evidence OR not show strong evidence against the null hypothesis?

a) It does show strong statistically significant

evidence against the null hypothesis.

b) It does not show strong statistically significant

c) It is not possible to determine.

a) It does show strong statistically significant

b) It does not show strong statistically significant

a) It does show strong statistically significant evidence against the null hypothesis.

b) It does not show strong statistically significant evidence against the null hypothesis.

a) It does show strong statistically significant evidence against the null hypothesis.

b) It does not show strong statistically significant evidence against the null hypothesis.

9.3 Determine if the following statement is a null hypothesis or an alternative hypothesis.

“The average amount of time that all Americans spend exercising is 15 minutes a day.”

“The population proportion of people that are vegetarian is greater than 0.20.”

9.5 Planned Parenthood wanted to see if the majority of Texas college students would support allowing those under the age of 18 to have access to birth control pills without their parent’s permission. What would be the null and alternative hypothesis of their study?

0 : 0 . : 0aH p vs H p

0 : 0.5 . : 0.5aH p vs H p

0 : 0.5 . : 0.5aH vs H

0 : 0 . : 0aH p vs H p

0 : 0.5 . : 0.5aH p vs H p

0 : 0.5 . : 0.5aH vs H

9.5 Planned Parenthood wanted to see if the majority of Texas college students would support allowing those under the age of 18 to have access to birth control pills without their parent’s permission. What would be the null and alternative hypothesis of their study?

9.8 Can consumers determine the difference between Oreos and generic brand Oreo-like cookies? One hundred people are blindfolded and asked to try each kind of cookie and determine which is the Oreo. What are the null and alternative hypothesis to determine if the name brand was identified more often than can be attributed to guessing?

0 : 0.33 : 0.33aH p H p

0 : 0.5 : 0.5aH p H p

0 : 0.33 : 0.33aH p H p

0 : 0.5 : 0.5aH p H p

9.8 Can consumers determine the difference between Oreos and generic brand Oreo-like cookies? One hundred people are blindfolded and asked to try each kind of cookie and determine which is the Oreo. What are the null and alternative hypothesis to determine if the name brand was identified more often than can be attributed to guessing?

0 : 0.33 : 0.33aH p H p

0 : 0.5 : 0.5aH p H p

0 : 0.33 : 0.33aH p H p

0 : 0.5 : 0.5aH p H p

9.10 Do the majority of Americans believe that that the penalty for an illegal gun sale should be stricter than the penalty for an illegal drug sale? In 2006, the GSS asked 1,321 respondents this question and 723 said “yes” illegal gun sales should be stricter. What is the conclusion for ?

a) We do not have statistically significant evidence that the

proportion of Americans that believe that illegal gun sales

should be stricter than illegal drug sales is greater than 0.5.

b) We have strong statistically significant evidence that the

0 : 0.5 . : 0.5aH p vs H p

9.10 Do the majority of Americans believe that that the penalty for an illegal gun sale should be stricter than the penalty for an illegal drug sale? In 2006, the GSS asked 1,321 respondents this question and 723 said “yes” illegal gun sales should be stricter. What is the conclusion for ?

b) We have strong statistically significant evidence that the

0 : 0.5 . : 0.5aH p vs H p

9.13 Suppose that you are interested in determining how many days Americans spend on vacation. Your friend thinks that it is 7 days while you think that it is higher than that. You take a simple random sample of 20 people. The sample mean is 8.2 and the standard deviation is 2.4. Find the test statistic.

a) 2.57

b) 1.96

c) -2.24

d) 2.24

e) -2.57

9.13 Suppose that you are interested in determining how many days Americans spend on vacation. Your friend thinks that it is 7 days while you think that it is higher than that. You take a simple random sample of 20 people. The sample mean is 8.2 and the standard deviation is 2.4. Find the test statistic.

a) 2.57

b) 1.96

c) -2.24

d) 2.24

e) -2.57

9.14 An environmentalist is interested in studying the amount of dissolved oxygen in a fresh water lake. He is interested in finding if the average dissolved oxygen is significantly different from 8 mg/L. If he finds a p-value equal to 0.034, what can be said about a 95% confidence interval for the population mean?

a) A 95% confidence interval would contain 8.

b) A 95% confidence interval would not contain 8.

c) A 95% confidence interval would contain 0.034.

d) A 95% confidence interval would contain 0.

e) It cannot be determined.

9.14 An environmentalist is interested in studying the amount of dissolved oxygen in a fresh water lake. He is interested in finding if the average dissolved oxygen is significantly different from 8 mg/L. If he finds a p-value equal to 0.034, what can be said about a 95% confidence interval for the population mean?

a) A 95% confidence interval would contain 8.

b) A 95% confidence interval would not contain 8.

c) A 95% confidence interval would contain 0.034.

d) A 95% confidence interval would contain 0.

e) It cannot be determined.

9.15 An environmentalist is interested in studying the amount of dissolved oxygen in a fresh water lake. He is interested in finding if the average dissolved oxygen is significantly different from 8 mg/L. If he finds a p-value equal to 0.034, what conclusion can be made?

population mean is different from 8mg/L.

b) We do have statistically significant evidence that the

population mean dissolved oxygen is different from 8mg/L.

c) We do not have statistically significant evidence that the

sample mean dissolved oxygen is different from 8mg/L.

d) We do have statistically significant evidence that the sample

mean dissolved oxygen is different from 8mg/L.

9.15 An environmentalist is interested in studying the amount of dissolved oxygen in a fresh water lake. He is interested in finding if the average dissolved oxygen is significantly different from 8 mg/L. If he finds a p-value equal to 0.034, what conclusion can be made?

population mean is different from 8mg/L.

b) We do have statistically significant evidence that the

population mean dissolved oxygen is different from 8mg/L.

c) We do not have statistically significant evidence that the

sample mean dissolved oxygen is different from 8mg/L.

d) We do have statistically significant evidence that the sample

mean dissolved oxygen is different from 8mg/L.

9.16 True or False: If you take a random sample and conduct a significance test there is a 0% chance of making the wrong conclusion.

a) True

b) False

9.16 True or False: If you take a random sample and conduct a significance test there is a 0% chance of making the wrong conclusion.

a) True

b) False

9.21 The p-value is…

a) the probability that the null hypothesis is true.

b) the probability that the null hypothesis is false.

c) the probability that the test statistic had the observed

result or more extreme if the null hypothesis were true.

d) the probability that the test statistic had the observed

result or more extreme if the alternative hypothesis was

9.21 The p-value is…

a) the probability that the null hypothesis is true.

b) the probability that the null hypothesis is false.

c) the probability that the test statistic had the observed

result or more extreme if the null hypothesis were true.

d) the probability that the test statistic had the observed

result or more extreme if the alternative hypothesis was

9.22 A sample was taken to estimate the average GRE score for students at a nearby college. The 95% confidence interval was (550.4, 661.1). Which of the following statements is the most accurate?

a) The population mean GRE is statistically significantly different

from 662, but not practically different.

b) The population mean GRE is not statistically significantly

different from 662, but it is practically different.

c) The population mean is not statistically or practically different

from 662.

d) The population mean is statistically and practically different

from 662.

9.22 A sample was taken to estimate the average GRE score for students at a nearby college. The 95% confidence interval was (550.4, 661.1). Which of the following statements is the most accurate?

a) The population mean GRE is statistically significantly different

from 662, but not practically different.

b) The population mean GRE is not statistically significantly

different from 662, but it is practically different.

c) The population mean is not statistically or practically different

from 662.

d) The population mean is statistically and practically different

from 662.

9.24 True or False: An advertisement for a new drug claims “40% more pain relief” with the new drug. If you took the drug you should also expect this amount of relief.

a) True

b) False

9.24 True or False: An advertisement for a new drug claims “40% more pain relief” with the new drug. If you took the drug you should also expect this amount of relief.

a) True

b) False

Active Learning Lecture Slides For use with Classroom Response Systems Statistical Inference:...

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