Exploring and assessing intervention strategies for scaling up individual upcycling
Action across multiple levels for scaling up sustainable behaviour: The case of individual upcycling...
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Transcript of Action across multiple levels for scaling up sustainable behaviour: The case of individual upcycling...
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Kyungeun Sung Supervised by Tim Cooper & Sarah Kettley Sustainable Consumption Research Group
School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Action across multiple levels for scaling up sustainable behaviour: The case of
individual upcycling in the UK
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Table of contents
Introduction
Setting the scene
Method
Results
Conclusion
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Introduction:
Sustainable lifestyle choices by individuals (Goodall 2007; Jackson 2005; Jones 2010)
Environmental initiatives in business as CSR (Swaffield & Bell 2012; Elkington, 1997)
Regulations and policies by national governments (Urwin & Jordan 2008) and various other participants (Yamin & Depledge 2004)
Various actors in climate change action
Image sources: http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1412345/images/o-THE-NEWMAN-FAMILY-facebook.jpg; http://www.west-info.eu/files/settore-sostenibile.jpeg; http://dsps.wi.gov/Images/Rules_and_Regulations.jpg
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Introduction: Limitations in current research
Image sources: https://cdn-images-2.medium.com/max/600/0*_37rn2APhBPcf0zr.png
Single level cases (e.g. Jones 2010; Swaffield &
Bell 2012; Urwin & Jordan 2008)
Underestimating the complex nature of each action involving/requiring actors at multiple-levels
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Introduction: Aim of the paper
Show how action across multiple levels for ‘scaling up’ sustainable behaviour (van den Bosch 2010) could, in theory, be more effective in addressing negative environmental impacts than action at a single level
Image sources: http://almcleary.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/before_after.jpg; https://www.oxfamireland.org/sites/default/files/upcycling-collage-drawers-2.jpg; Sung (2016) Sustainable Production and Consumption by Upcycling (unpublished doctoral thesis). NTU, UK
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Introduction: Scaling up
Scaling up: the process of initially deviant or unusual sustainable practices to become the dominant or mainstream practice (Van den Bosch,
2010)
Niche-cluster: a niche network by linking different niches (Van den Bosch, 2010)
Niche-regime: the constellation between niche and regime, illustrating higher stability and influence which can challenge the power of the regime (Van den Bosch, 2010)
Scaling up of niches to regimes through niche-cluster and niche-regime, adapted from Van den Bosch (2010)
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Setting the scene: Individual upcycling
The emerging household behaviour which creates or modifies any product from used materials, components or products to generate a product of higher quality or value than the compositional elements (Sung, Cooper &
Kettley 2014)
Image sources: https://www.oxfamireland.org/sites/default/files/upcycling-collage-drawers-2.jpg; https://i.ytimg.com/vi/q4Efq880Yog/hqdefault.jpg; https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/81/a8/1a/81a81a218b87a1db22bcefd589e30046.jpg; https://drwsxce6xtjnu.cloudfront.net/uploads/images/1924/original/Upcycling-Plastic-Soda-Bottles-As-An-Urban-Garden-1.jpg; http://www.livbit.com/article/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/upcycledplaystation_1.jpg
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Setting the scene: PhD on Sustainable Production & Consumption by Upcycling
Investigate household upcycling as an opportunity to reduce carbon emissions related to materials and energy consumption
Niche status of household upcycling in the UK Develop actionable strategies for scaling up
Three elements: a) understanding behaviour and actors; b) identifying key behaviour-influencing factors; and c) developing intervention strategies for scaling up
“Which combination of interventions should be implemented by which actors at which level, for successful scaling up of individual upcycling?”
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Method: Semi-Delphi (questionnaire + workshop)
Questionnaire:
explore and assess the initial intervention strategies developed on the basis of interview + survey results with British consumers
Rate importance + feasibility; vote for the most suitable actor(s)
Workshop:
Critique preliminary analysis results
Select intervention combinations for short-term + long-term success using card sorting exercises
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Method: Sampling and study participants
About 80 individuals in the UK based on the expertise in environmental policies, behaviour change, transition management and sustainable design
25 responded and completed the questionnaire
22 academics from 8 universities (in politics, engineering, psychology, sociology, art and design, business management, and economics) + 3 policy-related professionals
11 of the respondents in the workshop
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Results: Important & feasible interventions with suitable actors
8 important interventions + 9 feasible interventions (out of 15)
Multiple suitable actors: e.g. LAs + NGOs + local communities for improving facilities, access and services relating to community workshops
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Results: Multiple actors for each intervention
Multiple actor interventions: 13 out of 15
Yellow green: relatively high number of answers (n>5)
Green: high number of answers (n>12)
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Results: Interventions for short term success (high impact + feasible in 2yrs)
1. Operating a reuse/upcycle centre with a product collection service aligned with an existing waste management system (LAs + NGOs)
2. Providing a service model for improved provision of used materials (companies)
3. Changing government procurement policy to favour upcycled goods (government + LAs)
Image sources: http://blog.theodorewatson.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/181929062.jpg; https://groups.freecycle.org/group/FreecycleNottingham/posts/offer; http://www.thejunkmap.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/The-Recycling-Shop5.jpg ;
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Results: Interventions for long term success (high impact + feasible in 10yrs)
1. Enriching the art and design curriculum at schools, colleges and universities to incorporate advanced upcycling skills and knowledge (government, educational institutions and designers)
2. Providing tax benefits and subsidies for upcycling-related businesses (government)
Image sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Sawdust_Art_Class.jpg;; http://twohillsfcss.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/vector-taxes-help.jpg
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Conclusion: Cross-level collaborations
Individual upcycling may be scaled up more effectively through a combination of interventions by actors at various levels
potential importance of collaboration between actors at different levels with a shared vision
∵ If Scaling up upcycling ⊂ system innovation
System innovation characteristics: Multi-actor + multi-factor (Quist
& Vergragt 2000; Elzen et al 2004; De Bruijin et al 2004)
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Conclusion: Link to the practitioners’ workshop
Asked 12 upcycling practitioners (with commercialisation experience) about barriers to the upcycling start-ups, support to overcome barriers and expand the business, and key actors for support
key actors: industry, government, local authorities, and practitioners
partial confirmation of the results from the semi-Delphi: the importance of coordinated actions from different actors at multiple levels
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment Image sources: http://image.slidesharecdn.com/clapresentation-talisopenday-march14-140328085008-phpapp01/95/cla-presentation-talis-open-day-march-14-14-638.jpg?cb=1395996639