ACT as a Platform for the Implementation of …...ACT as a Platform for the Implementation of...
Transcript of ACT as a Platform for the Implementation of …...ACT as a Platform for the Implementation of...
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ACT as a Platform for the Implementation of Additional EBPs
Lia Hicks, MBA
ACT Center of Indiana/Adult & Child Center, Indianapolis, IN
April 21, 2010
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Objectives
• Participants will be able to identify at least 2 reasons why adding additional EBPs onto ACT is
necessary. • Participants will be able to describe at least 3
components of the ACT model that support the implementation of additional EBPs.
• Participants will be able to identify and examine specific strategies to overcome barriers to
implementing IDDT or other EBPs onto an existing ACT team.
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Current EBPs• Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)
• Integrated Dual Disorders Treatment (IDDT)
• Illness Management & Recovery (IMR)
• Supported Employment (SE)
• Family Psycho‐education
• Medication Management
SAMHSA Toolkits Available at:
http://www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/cmhs/co mmunitysupport/toolkits/default.asp
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Why Enhance ACT with Other EBPs? ACT as an Organizational Model
• As a model, ACT is effective at delivering structured intensive services to meet the multiple individualized needs of consumers
• The original model itself was not necessarily a “recovery model”
or “recovery oriented”.
• High ACT fidelity does not necessarily equate to recovery‐oriented outcomes
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Why Enhance ACT with Other EBPs? What Consumers Have Told Us:
•
Feel more hopeful, confident, assertive
•
Increased control over life
•
Increased vocational & meaningful activities
•
Stronger support system/friends & family
•
Feeling safe to disclose setbacks (ie drug use)
•
Willing to take risks/try new things
•
Overcoming stigma (even self‐stigma)
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Why Enhance ACT with Other EBPs? Overlapping Principles of EBPs
• Recovery‐focused• Meeting consumer where they are at
• Consumer‐driven
• Hope & optimism
• Strengths‐perspective• Supporting self‐efficacy/ self sufficiency
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Why Enhance ACT with Other EBPs? Overlapping Structure of EBPs
• EBPs have defined structure• Integration of specialty roles• Intensive services• Assertive outreach• Stage‐wise approach• Comprehensive team‐based services• Flexibility – service delivery methods• Usually serving people with complex needs• ACT is ideal for any model requiring integration
of services
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Why Enhance ACT with Other EBPs? Overlapping Skills of EBPs
• Understanding Stages of Change• Motivational Interviewing skills
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy• Behavioral Tailoring
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Highlighting Two EBPs: IDDT
IMR
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Illness Management & Recovery (IMR)
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Definition of Illness Management (Mueser et al., 2002)
Broad set of strategies to help consumers:
–Collaborate with professionals to manage mental illness
–Reduce effects of illness–Reduce susceptibility to relapses–Cope with symptoms
–Discover (or rediscover) strengths
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Relationship of Illness Management to Recovery
• Regain mastery over one’s life• Move from hierarchical to
collaborative relationships with treatment providers
• Learn how to direct one’s treatment• Spend less time on illness – More time
pursing personal goals
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Four Key Components of IMR
1. Psychoeducation2. Strategies to facilitate taking
medication as prescribed3. Relapse prevention4. Teaching strategies for coping with
symptoms
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1. Psychoeducation Research Findings
• Clearly better
than discussion group• Increases knowledge• Little or no impact on behavior:
–No effects on taking medication as prescribed
–No effects on symptoms, social functioning, or rehospitalization
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2. Medications Rationale for Including Medication Use
as Part of IMR
• Not taking meds:
For many consumers, incompatible with recovery
• Reduced relapse rates compared to no medications (Shown in 200+ studies)
• Reduce positive symptoms• About 70% of individuals with
schizophrenia have improved symptom control on antipsychotics, compared to controls receiving placebo
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Medications and Recovery
• Medications are clearly a mixed blessing: –critical
to find best meds and best dose
• Without meds, the research evidence clearly shows illness management is
often more difficult
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Taking Medications as Prescribed Three Behavioral/Motivational
Strategies
A. Behavioral tailoring
B. Simplifying regimen
C. Motivational interviewing/ CBT
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A. Behavioral Tailoring
• Developing strategies for incorporating medication into daily routine
• Example:
Place meds next to toothbrush as reminder
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B. Simplifying Regimen
• Definition:
Reducing number and frequency of medications
• Rationale:
It is easier to get into a routine that is simple than one that is
complex• May be especially important if
consumer has cognitive impairments
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C. Motivational Interviewing
• MI is a set of strategies:–Supportive, not argumentative–Timing plays a crucial role–Emphasis is on the reasons
to change,
rather than on how
to change
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Controlled Studies of Taking Medications as Prescribed
• Behavioral Tailoring – 4/4 Effective• Simplifying Regimen – 1/1 Effective
• Motivational Interviewing/ CBT – 2/2 Effective
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3. Relapse Prevention: Components
• Psychoeducation• Identify environmental triggers
• Identify warning signs• Develop coping strategies • Continuously monitor for warning signs
• Rapid intervention when indicated• Stress management training
• Involve relatives in program
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Relapse Prevention: Research Evidence
• 5/5 controlled studies showed decreases in relapses and
rehospitalization
• 3 of studies also found improvements in social functioning and other
outcomes
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4. Teaching Coping Skills
• Use of cognitive‐behavioral strategies• Assessment of coping
• In‐session and out‐of‐session practice• Target positive, negative, and affective
symptoms and other sources of stress
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Research on Teaching Coping Skills
• 4 controlled studies• All studies show decreases in symptom
severity
• Some studies also indicate less distress and lower rates of rehospitalization
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IMR Research: Summary
• Psychoeducation improves knowledge, but not other outcomes
• Behavioral tailoring increases taking medication as prescribed
• Relapse prevention training reduces relapses and rehospitalizations
• Teaching coping reduces symptoms and distress
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Selection of Participants for IMR
• Can be offered to anyone who experiences psychiatric symptoms
• Educational handouts available for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and
major depression• May be preferable to wait if someone
is currently under extreme stress
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IMR Content Areas• Recovery strategies• Facts about mental illness• Facts about substance use• Stress‐vulnerability model and strategies for
treatment• Building social support• Using medications effectively• Reducing relapses• Coping with stress• Coping with symptoms and other problems• Getting your needs met in the mental health
system
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IMR Format
• Consider hiring peer specialists to be the “IMR specialists”
• Manualized, but tailored to needs of client• CBT and motivational enhancement clinical
techniques• Weekly sessions• About an hour but can be broken down for
shorter/more frequent sessions• Individual, group, or both• Usually lasts at least 3 – 6 months
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Integrated Dual Disorders Treatment (IDDT)
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Why focus on dual disorders?
• Common occurrence– Over 50% ‐
schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and
other severe mood disorders
– About one third ‐
anxiety and depressive disorders
• Worse outcomes
• Remission/recovery is possible
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Why integrated treatment?
• More effective than separate treatment
• 10 studies show integrated treatment is more effective than
traditional separate treatment• Reviews:Drake et al, Schiz Bull 1998; Drake et al, Psych Services 2001
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Integrated dual disorders treatment: What is it?
• Treatment of substance use disorder and mental illness together
– Same team
– Same location
– Same time
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Fidelity improves abstinence
McHugo et al, 1999
*** If current & subsequent points = 1 then the current score = 1Assessment Points Baseline 6 mo. 12 mo. 18 mo. 24 mo. 30 mo. 36 mo.Hi-Fidelity 0 19.67 26.23 29.51 37.7 42.62 55.74Low-Fidelity 0 3.85 3.85 7.69 7.69 15.38 15.38
Figure 1. Percent of Participants in Stable Remission for High-Fidelity ACT Programs (E;
n=61) vs. Low-Fidelity ACT Programs (G; n=26).
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Baseline 6 mo. 12 mo. 18 mo. 24 mo. 30 mo. 36 mo.
Assessment Point
Perc
ent in Rem
ission
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BUT …How do people obtain remission from dual disorders?
• Stable housing• Sober support network/family
• Regular meaningful activity
• Trusting
clinical relationship
Alverson et al, Com MHJ, 2000
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Remission Remission occurs in stagesoccurs in stages
(N = 125)
McHugo et al 1995
0 mo. 6 mo. 12 mo.18 mo.24 mo.30 mo.36 mo.0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Per
cent
Assessment Point
Pre-engagement
Engagement
Early Persuasion
Late Persuasion
Early Active Treatme
Late Active Treatmen
Relapse Prevention
Recovered
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Critical Components of IDDT
• Integration of mental health and substance abuse treatment
• Stage‐wise interventions• Assertive outreach • Motivational counseling
• Substance abuse counseling
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Other Important Components
• Access to comprehensive services (e.g., employment, psychiatry, etc.)
• Social and family support interventions
• Long term perspective
• Proper use of psychopharmacology
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Other EBPs Fit with ACT: Revisted
• Overlapping components– Integration of specialty roles– Assertive outreach– Stagewise approach– Comprehensive, team‐based services
• ACT ideal for any model requiring integration of services
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So How Do We Do It?
Turning EBP Implementation into a Reality
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41
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Two Levels of Implementing Using The Stages of Change:
Self & Team or Center
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“We are maintaining fidelity.” “We are getting great results!” “Consumer and family satisfaction is higher than in past years.” “The board is happy with the outcomes.” “We are learning and changing.”
“Don’t rock the boat.” “We already have quality services!” “We don’t have the time for this.” “We already have good outcomes.” “Old-dogs-New Tricks.”
“We are using new skills.” “I am trying something different.” “Clients say they like it.” “We are working through challenges.” “Change is hard but we’re hanging in there.”
“There might be some benefits.” “It might be worth a try.” “I’d be interested in hearing about it.” “We are thinking of starting some new programs.”
“We are looking into this.” “We have developed a plan.” “We have a training schedule.” “We have the curriculum.” “We have it in our budget now.” “I see the benefits of implementing.”
MAINTENANCE PRE-CONTEMPLATION
ACTION PREPARATION CONTEMPLATION
STAGES OF CHANGE FOR IMPLEMENTING EBPs
RELAPSE“Our champions and cheerleaders are gone.”
“Funding is gone so is the program.” “Our priorities have changed.”
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If you are in Precontemplation:
• Review this information
• Think about it
• Seek more information
• Talk to someone who is doing it
• Increase the list of Pros
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If you are in Contemplation:
• Decrease the Cons
• What would it mean for my personal & professional identity?
• How would it affect my Center?
• Take small steps: realistic, concrete, & measurable; reward yourself
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If you are in Preparation:
• Identify & challenge personal beliefs that get in the way
• Keep taking small steps
• Find other champions
• Complete an assessment of your center
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If you are in Preparation:
• Write out an action plan– Set clearly defined goals for what it will
look like. • (How will you know that you are doing it well?)
– Identify Strengths & Barriers– Breakdown Goals into Objectives to
address Barriers and Build on Strengths
– Define Stagewise Interventions
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If you are in Preparation:
• Define Helpful Structures– Train the Trainer Model
– Rewards– Chart monitoring
– Supervisors are the Key• Field Mentoring
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The Effects of Training and Coaching on Teacher’s Implementation in the Classroom (A Meta‐analysis)
OUTCOMESOUTCOMESTraining Training
ComponentsComponentsDemonstrates Demonstrates KnowledgeKnowledge (in training)(in training)
Demonstrates Demonstrates Skill Skill (in training) (in training)
Utilizes in the Utilizes in the ClassroomClassroom
Theory & DiscussionTheory & Discussion 10%10% 5%5%Demonstration In Demonstration In
TrainingTraining 30%30% 20%20%Practice & Feedback in Practice & Feedback in
TrainingTraining 60%60% 60%60%
Coaching in ClassroomCoaching in Classroom 95%95% 95%95%
(Joyce & Showers, 2002)
0%0%
0%0%
5%5%
95%95%
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If you are in Action:
• Bring plan to the Center/Team – Now that you are in the action stage, be aware
that your team or your center may not be
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Early Adapters
The Rest of
Center
Action
Staging Your Center/Team
PC 40%
C 40%
P 20%
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Action Continued:
• Bring plan to the Center/Team– Address each person in a stage‐wise fashion
– Be mindful of the weight of the pros versus the cons
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Action
Assess and Monitor Effectiveness and Efficiency
Refine and follow your implementation plan
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Common Barriers to EBP Implementation
Remember stages of change framework during this discussion
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Common Barriers
• Agency Mission/Vision
• Funding• Staffing• Implementation Issues
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Agency Mission/Vision: Strategies• Lack of recovery focus
• Comfort with “Status
Quo”
• Lack of stakeholder
involvement
• Invest in recovery‐focused
practice & training• Model your expectations• Change language on clinical
forms• Hire peer specialists• Strategic Planning• Risk‐taking, future thinking• Stagewise
approach w/ staff
• Diverse board of directors• Community Partnership &
education• Advisory board w/consumer &
family representation
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Funding: Strategies
• Relying on traditional
funding
• Lack of start up funds
• Costs associated with
staff training &
program
development
• Proactively seek out other
revenue sources
• Utilize state or national
technical assistance• Partner with other
agencies in training
• Utilize SAMHSA toolkits &
other low‐cost resources• Utilize a “train the
trainer”
approach
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Staffing:
Strategies• Assumption that
more staff is needed
• Staff perceptions: – lack of time– Already have good
skills– Threats to role
definition
• Enhance existing staffs’
skill
sets through cross training
• Everyone is trained in MI,
SOC, CBT
• Supervision through field
mentoring is key
• Articulating specialty roles
• Opportunity to get “unstuck”• New approaches are
energizing
• Greater effectiveness=
greater efficiency
• Strengthened team
approach: Transdisciplinary
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Implementation : Strategies
• Lack of resources
• Planning & Timeline
challenges
• Partial EBP
Implementation/ poor
fidelity
• Consensus building up front
(agency & team‐level)
• Team‐level strategic planning• Realistic timeframes for
achievement
• Utilize elements you can
while “waiting for full
implementation
• Utilize fidelity & survey tools
to measure progress &
success
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Implementation : Strategies
• Risk of EBP Overload• Train on core skills first‐
MI,SOC, CBT
• Implement one EBP at a time
on your team
• Create an implementation
plan AND follow it
• Make sure you are “doing”
ACT first (don’t build the
house if you don’t have the
foundation first)
• Solicit input from your staff• Involve staff in decision‐
making & problem‐solving
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Contact Information
Lia Hicks
Adult & Child Center
222 E. Ohio St. Suite 700
Indianapolis, IN 46204
317‐275‐8822