Acoustic Treacking of Small Aircraft Within an Airport
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Transcript of Acoustic Treacking of Small Aircraft Within an Airport
Acoustic tracking of small aircraft within an airport
Alexander Sedunov; Alexander Sutin; Nikolay Sedunov; Hady Salloum; Alexander Yakubovskiy; David Masters ASA meeting 2015 Jacksonville, FL 2015.11.02
Runway Safety at Airports
• Preventing runway incursions by unauthorized aircraft is a major component of airport safety
• Typical radar based ground monitoring equipment is too expensive to install in smaller airports
• Presenting experiment in repurposing a passive acoustic technology for Low-Flying Aircraft detection * for tracking of aircraft in airport
Image FAA Pilot’s Guide to Runway Safety http://www.faa.gov/runwaysafety
*Salloum, H.; Sedunov, A.; Sedunov, N.; Sutin, A.; Masters, D., "Acoustic system for Low Flying Aircraft detection," in Technologies for Homeland Security (HST), 2015 IEEE International Symposium on , vol., no., pp.1-6, 14-16 April 2015
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Acoustic Nodes
Microphones
Recorder
Acoustic node + 3-microhone array
900MHz Comms
Acoustic node + 5 microphone volumetric array
Electronics
Microphones
Node with plane array (lower resolution)
Full node with volumetric array of microphones
Cross-correlation TDOA finding
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Elevation One pair is unambiguous
T∆
Theoretical Performance of Pair-Wise Direction Finding (Average SNR)
Sensor geometry and possible cross-correlation pairs
Azimuth accuracy for target at 0 elevation
3-sensor node
5-sensor node (10 cross-correlation pairs)
RMS
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RMS
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Map of Deployment for the Experiment
Acoustic nodes with volumetric array
Processing and display
Acoustic node with plane array
900MHz link
900MHz link
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Variation of Received Signal Spectra
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Comparison of Received Spectra between types of Aircraft
Bell 206B helicopter landing (passing) at 200m
C172S taking off at 200m
C172S taxi at 200m
Background noise
Fixed wing aircraft have significant variation depending on activity.
Tracking of Target and Geometric Factors.
Track established inside geometry
Artifact due to geometric factors
Track maintained using Kalman filter
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Tracking method explained in more detail in prior publication: Passive acoustic localization of small aircraft. Sedunov, Alexander and Sutin, Alexander and Salloum, Hady and Sedunov, Nikolay and Masters, David, Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, 20, 055005 (2015).
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Cooperation of Heterogeneous Nodes (Using the Third Node)
Full node with volumetric array of microphones
Fused position estimate 8 degree azimuth
error variance
4 degree azimuth error variance
Node with plane array (no elevation, lower resolution)
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Cessna Plane (C172/G) Taking Off
Node 2
Node 1
Tracked aircraft
Timestamp
Base
Aircraft seen gaining altitude
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Cessna Plane on the Ground
Node 2
Node 1
Tracked aircraft
Timestamp
Base
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Track of a Helicopter During Landing
Node 2
Node 1
Tracked aircraft
Timestamp
Base
Elevation
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Acknowledgement The Acoustic Aircraft Detection system development was funded by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s Science and Technology Directorate. The views and conclusions contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not necessarily be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
Visualization Software was Provided by BridgeNet.
Support for this experiment was provides by Essex County Airport (Fairfield, NJ) administration.
Conclusion We presented results of application of passive acoustics with sparse volumetric and plane arrays for tracking aircraft in three dimensions in the -course of daily airport activity. We were successful in tracking the targets and the altitude estimate has been shown usable for detecting whether aircraft is taking off or landing. Different small aircraft were recorded during several distinct activities (that are part of everyday airport traffic) while within the airport and variation of the level and spectral content of emitted noise.
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Example Plan for Complete Coverage
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10-14 stations recommended (not all nodes have to be full nodes)