acne presentation - handouts · Acne Affects >80% ... Severe acne variants Acne conglobata ......

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25/11/2016 1 Deepani Rathnayake MBBS, MD, FACD Acne Affects >80% of adolescents >40% of adults Associated with Disfigurement Loss of confidence Depression Affects quality of life Chronic disease with recurrent relapses Pathogenesis i) increased sebum production, presents as seborrhea (ii) hypercornification of the pilosebaceous duct, Initially microcomedones, later open and closed comedones (iii) colonization of the duct with Propinebacterium acnes, (iv) inflammationleading to papules pustules, nodules and cyst

Transcript of acne presentation - handouts · Acne Affects >80% ... Severe acne variants Acne conglobata ......

Page 1: acne presentation - handouts · Acne Affects >80% ... Severe acne variants Acne conglobata ... Relapse after antibiotics, hormonal treatments. 25/11/2016 13 Case 1 21 year old female

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Deepani Rathnayake

MBBS, MD, FACD

Acne

Affects  >80% of adolescents

>40% of adults 

Associated with Disfigurement

Loss of confidence

Depression

Affects  quality of life

Chronic disease with recurrent relapses

Pathogenesis 

i) increased sebum production, presents as seborrhea

(ii) hypercornification of the pilosebaceous duct, Initially microcomedones, later open and closed comedones

(iii) colonization of the duct with Propinebacteriumacnes, 

(iv) inflammation‐ leading to papules pustules, nodules and cyst

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Contributing  factors

?Stress

?Diet

Glycemic load,

Occupation( exposure to coal tar, Oil, halogenated hydrocarbons)

Family history

Habits‐rubbing, Chin straps)

Drugs‐ steroids, anticonvulsants, lithium, antidepressants,

Clinical features

Non‐inflamed lesions ( comedones) are the earliest lesions 

Closed comedones‐ white heads

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Open comedones‐Black heads

Sand paper comedones

Submarine  comedones

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Papules and pustules

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Clinical Grading

Mild

Papular/pustular

Moderate

Papular/pustular/nodular

Severe

Nodular/cystic

Severe acne variants

Acne  conglobata

Large abscesses with interacting sinuses, multiple cysts, leads to severe scarring

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Acne fulminans

Inflamed suppurative nodules with ulcerations with fever, arthritis and leucocytosis, elevated ESR

Complications

Scarring

usually follows deep‐seated inflammatory lesions

Atrophic

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Hypertrophic

Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation

Choice of therapy

This is determined by the severity and extent of the disease

but should consider number of other factors 

duration of disease, 

response to treatments, 

predisposition to scarring, 

patient preference and cost

Psychosocial factors

Should be tailored to an individual patient 

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Topical therapy

Retinoid preparations

Topical antibiotics

Azeleic acid

Benzoyl peroxide 2.5‐10%

Combination of topical agents ( Clindamycin 1% and Benzoyl peroxide 5%, Adapalene and Benzoyl peroxide) 

When would you use topical Rx

Mild acne

Combination with oral Rx

Maintenance therapy  after completing systemic Rx

Tretinoin ( 0.01% gel, 0.025% cream, 0.1% cream)Adapalene ( 0.1% )Isotretinoin ( 0.05% gel)

Good for comedonal acne Use at night over entire face, exposure to the sun increases irritation

Start slowly, increase contact time slowly, use adequate moisurisers

Results in six to eight weeks. 

Adverse affects Retinoid reaction Photo sensitivity Potential hyper/hypopigmentation  Contraindicated in pregnancy

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Topical antibiotics

2% Erythromycin, 1% Clindamycin, 

For pustular acne

Decrease P.acnes

Slow to act ( Takes 4‐6 weeks)

Resistance often develops over time

Best used in combination with topical retinoids/benzoylperoxide (eg‐Benzoyl peroxide and Clindamycin)

Benzoyl peroxide ( 2.5% gel, 5% cream, wash, 10% cream)

Bactericidal, comedolytic and anti inflammatory action

Bactericidal against both sensitive and resistant P acnes ( release free oxygen radicals)

Adverse effects Irritation 

Bleaches clothing and hair 

( Benzoyl peroxide wash , use white towel, pillow cases)

Azeleic acid ( 15% gel, 20% cream, 20% lotion)

Antibacterial 

Improve post inflammatory hyperpigmentation

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If topical Rx not effective, in moderate to severe acne

oral antibiotics

oral isotretinoin

hormonal 

Oral antibiotics

Doxycycline 

Minocycline

Erythromycin

Azithromycin

Doxycycline

50mg ‐100mg daily

Effect evident after 6‐8 weeks 

prescribe for 3 months initially

Side effects – photosensitivity, thrush, gastrointestinal discomfort

Better combine with Benzoyl peroxide +_ topical retinoids

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Minocyline 50‐100mg  daily

Prescribe for 3 months initially 

Side effects

Less photosensitivity compared to Doxycycline

Drug hypersensitivity syndrome

Autoimmune reaction

Dizziness and headaches

Blue pigmentation of skin ,nails after prolong use

Erythromycin

250‐500mg daily

If planning pregnancy

In Children

Combination with Roaccutane

Duration of antibiotics Effect after 6‐8 weeks

Try for 3 months

Reduce dose and maintain

If relapse‐ need Roaccutane or Hormonal treatment

Unlikely to cure acne

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Antibiotic resistance To Propionibacterium acnes – can reduce efficacy of RX

Can be transferred to close contacts

To reduce

Adding Benzoyl peroxide with antibiotics ( effective for resistant P. acnes)

Avoid antibiotics as monotherapy

Isotretinoin

Most effective treatment , cure acne

Reduces sebum production

Normalizes follicular keratinization

Decreases inflammation

Indications Severe acne 

Mild to moderate acne , with evidence of scarring

Relapse after antibiotics, hormonal treatments

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Case 121 year old female with acne in the chin and jaw line for 2 yrs, Also has irregular periods

1. What is the clinical diagnosis?.

2. What are the important factors you would check in the history and examination.?

3. What investigations would you do.?

4. How would you treat this patient.?

1. Hormonal acne

2. History‐ Irregular periods, premenstrual flair

examination‐ acne more in the jaw line, chin,   

Seborrhoea, Hirsutism, FPHL, 

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3.Initial tests should be done in 2nd half of the cycle, stop the pill for at least 4 weeks, Total testosterone, ( very high levels suspect ovarian tumour) Follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone 

(LH). (LH/FSH ratio can be elevated in PCOD) Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) (adrenal 

source) (DHEAS greater than 21.7 µmol/L may have an adrenal tumor) 

Serum insulin levels‐ high levels indicate insulin resistance and later risk of DM

Anti – Mullerian Hormone(AMH) – for PCODcan be done any day of the cycle, even while on the pill

Levels‐PCOD‐ Over 4ng/mlNormal‐ 1.5‐4 ng/mlLow‐ 0.5‐1 ng/ml

Rx Spironolactone

Cyproterone acetate

Contraceptive pills 

containing ethinylestrodiol (oestrogen) and an antiandrogenic progesterone

cyproterone acetate (Diane™‐35, Estelle™ 35 and Ginet‐84™)

drospirenone (Yasmin™, Yaz™) 

dienogest (Valette™)

Roaccutane

Thank you