ACIT Mumbai - CCNA Training Coourse- IP ADDRESS ASSIGNMENT
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Transcript of ACIT Mumbai - CCNA Training Coourse- IP ADDRESS ASSIGNMENT
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
• IP Address is Logical Address
• It is a Network Layer address (Layer 3)
• Two Versions of IP:
• IP version 4 is a 32 bit address
• IP version 6 is a 128 bit address
IP Address
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• Bit is represent by 0 or 1 (i.e. Binary)• IP address in binary form (32 bits):
01010101000001011011111100000001
• 32 bits are divided into 4 Octets:
01010101. 00000101. 10111111. 00000001
• IP address in decimal form:
85.5.191.1
IP version 4
First Octet Second Octet Third Octet Forth Octet
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• It is represented in Hex notation
FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210
IP version 6
• Format of IPv6 address:
x : x : x : x : x : x : x : x where x is 16 bits
(4 Hex digits)• Not case sensitive for A,B,C,D,E,F• Leading zeros in a field are Optional.• Successive Fields of 0 can be represented as “::”
but only once.
Eg: 2031:0000:0000:130f:0000:0000:09c4:1300
The above example can be rewritten as below:
2031::130f:0:0:9c4:1300
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Taking Example for First Octet : Total 8 bits, Value will be 0’s and 1’s i.e. 28 = 256 combination 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 = 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 = 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 = 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 = 4
IPv4 address range
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255
Total IP Address Range
0 . 0 . 0 . 0to
255.255.255.255
Total IP Address Range
0 . 0 . 0 . 0to
255.255.255.255
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• IP Addresses are divided into 5 Classes
• CLASS A
• CLASS B
• CLASS C
• CLASS D
• CLASS E
IP Address Classification
Used in LAN & WAN
Reserved for Multicasting
Reserved for Research & Development
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Parity Bit
• Parity Bit is used for IP Address classification. • Most significant bit(s) from the first octet are
selected for Parity Bit(s).
• Class A priority bit is 0
• Class B priority bits are 10
• Class C priority bits are 110
• Class D priority bits are 1110
• Class E priority bits are 1111
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In Class A : First bit of the first octet is reserved as priority bit, bit value is zero.
0xxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 = 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 = 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 = 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 = 4
CLASS A Range
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 127
Class A Range
0 . 0 . 0 . 0 to127.255.255.255
Exception 0.X.X.X and 127.X.X.X
networks are reserved
Class A Range
0 . 0 . 0 . 0 to127.255.255.255
Exception 0.X.X.X and 127.X.X.X
networks are reserved
Naveen Patel
In Class B : First two bits of the first octet are reserved as priority bits, bit value as 10.
10xxxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 128 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 = 129 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 = 130 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 = 131 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 = 132
CLASS B Range
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 191
Class B Range
128. 0 . 0 . 0to
191.255.255.255
Class B Range
128. 0 . 0 . 0to
191.255.255.255
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For Class C range : First Three bits of the first octet are reserved as priority bits, bit value as 110.
110xxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 192 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 = 193 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 = 194 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 = 195 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 = 196
CLASS C Range
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 = 223
Class C Range
192. 0 . 0 . 0to
223.255.255.255
Class C Range
192. 0 . 0 . 0to
223.255.255.255
Naveen Patel
For Class D range : First four bits of the first octet are reserved as priority bits, bit value as 1110.
1110xxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 224 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 = 225 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 = 226 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 = 227 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 = 228
CLASS D Range
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 = 239
Class D Range
224. 0 . 0 . 0to
239.255.255.255
Class D Range
224. 0 . 0 . 0to
239.255.255.255
Naveen Patel
For Class E range : First four bits of the first octet are reserved as priority bits, bit value as 1111.
1111xxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 = 240 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 = 241 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 = 242 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 = 243 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 = 244
CLASS E Range
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255
Class E Range
240. 0 . 0 . 0to
255.255.255.255
Class E Range
240. 0 . 0 . 0to
255.255.255.255
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• IP address is divided into Network & Host Portion
• CLASS A is written as N.H.H.H
• CLASS B is written as N.N.H.H
• CLASS C is written as N.N.N.H
Octet Format
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CLASS A – No. Networks & Hosts • Class A Octet Format is N.H.H.H
Network bits : 8 Host bits : 24
No. of Networks
= 2no of network bits– Priority bit
= 28-1 (-1 is Priority Bit for Class A)
= 27
= 128 – 2 (-2 is for 0 & 127 Network)
= 126 Networks
No. of Host= 2no of host bits -2= 224 – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 16777216 - 2= 16777214 Hosts/Network
CLASS A
126 Networks&
16777214 Hosts per Network
CLASS A
126 Networks&
16777214 Hosts per Network
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CLASS B – No. Networks & Hosts • Class B Octet Format is N.N.H.H
Network bits : 16 Host bits : 16
No. of Networks
= 2no of network bits– Priority bit
= 216-2 (-2 is Priority Bit for Class B)= 214
= 16384 Networks
No. of Host= 2no of host bits -2 = 216 – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 65536 - 2= 65534 Hosts/Network
CLASS B16384 Networks
&
65534 Hosts per Network
CLASS B16384 Networks
&
65534 Hosts per Network
Naveen Patel
CLASS C – No. Networks & Hosts • Class C Octet Format is N.N.N.H
Network bits : 24 Host bits : 8
No. of Networks
= 2no of network bits– Priority bit
= 224-3 (-3 is Priority Bit for Class C)
= 221
= 2097152 Networks
No. of Host
= 2no of host bits -2
= 28 – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 256 - 2= 254 Hosts/Network
CLASS C
2097152 Networks&
254 Hosts per Network
CLASS C
2097152 Networks&
254 Hosts per Network
Naveen Patel
Network address: IP address with all bits as ZERO in the host portion.
Broadcast address: IP address with all bits as ONES in the host portion.
Valid IP Addresses lie between the Network Address and the Broadcast Address.
Only Valid IP Addresses are assigned to hosts/clients
Network & Broadcast Address
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Class A : N.H.H.HNetwork Address :0xxxxxxx.00000000.00000000.00000000Broadcast Address :0xxxxxxx.11111111.11111111.11111111
Example - Class A
Class A 10.0.0.010.0.0.1
10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3
10.255.255.25410.255.255.255
Class A 10.0.0.010.0.0.1
10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3
10.255.255.25410.255.255.255 Broadcast Address
Network Address
Valid IP Addresses
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Class B : N.N.H.HNetwork Address :
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.00000000.00000000Broadcast Address :10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.11111111.11111111
Example - Class B
Class B 172.16.0.0172.16.0.1
172.16.0.2172.16.0.3
172.16.255.254172.16.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0172.16.0.1
172.16.0.2172.16.0.3
172.16.255.254172.16.255.255 Broadcast Address
Network Address
Valid IP Addresses
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Class C : N.N.N.HNetwork Address :110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.00000000Broadcast Address :110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.11111111
Example - Class C
Class C 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3
192.168.1.254 192.168.1.255
Class C 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3
192.168.1.254 192.168.1.255 Broadcast Address
Network Address
Valid IP Addresses
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There are certain addresses in each class of IP address that are
reserved for Private Networks. These addresses are called
private addresses.
These addresses are not Routable (or) valid on Internet.
Private IP Address
Class A
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255Class B
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255Class C
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Class A
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255Class B
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255Class C
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Naveen Patel
Subnet Mask
• Subnet Mask differentiates Network portion and Host Portion
• Represented with all 1’s in the network portion and with all 0’s in the host portion.
Naveen Patel
Class A : N.H.H.H11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000Default Subnet Mask for Class A is 255.0.0.0
Class B : N.N.H.H11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000Default Subnet Mask for Class B is 255.255.0.0
Class C : N.N.N.H11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000Default Subnet Mask for Class C is 255.255.255.0
Subnet Mask - Examples
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How Subnet Mask Works ?
IP Address : 192.168.1.1Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
ANDING PROCESS :
192.168.1.1 = 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001
255.255.255.0 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000=======================================192.168.1.0 =
11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000=======================================
The output of an AND table is 1 if both its inputs are 1. For all other possible inputs the output is 0.
AND TABLE
0 * 0 = 00 * 1 = 01 * 0 = 01 * 1 = 1
AND TABLE
0 * 0 = 00 * 1 = 01 * 0 = 01 * 1 = 1
Naveen Patel
Creating Multiple independent Networks from a Single Network.
Converting Host bits into Network Bits i.e. Converting 0’s into 1’s
Subnetting can be performed in two ways.
FLSM (Fixed Length Subnet Mask)VLSM (Variable Length subnet mask)
Subnetting can be done based on requirement .
Requirement of Networks ?Requirement of Hosts ?
Subnetting
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ZOOM Technologies is having 100 PC
Which IP address Class is preferred for the network ?Answer : Class C.
In ZOOM Technologies there are 5 Five Departments with 20 PCs each
ZOOM Technologies – 192.168.1.0/24
Scenario for Subnetting
– MCSE 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.20192.168.1.21 to 192.168.1.40– CISCO
– Hardware 192.168.1.41 to 192.168.1.60– Linux 192.168.1.61 to 192.168.1.80– Exchange 192.168.1.81 to 192.168.1.100
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• Administrator’s Requirement :Inter-department communication should not be possible ?
Solution.Allocate a different Network to each Departmenti.e.
Scenario (…continued)
– MCSE 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.20
192.168.2.1 to 192.168.2.20– CISCO– Hardware 192.168.3.1 to 192.168.3.20– Linux 192.168.4.1 to 192.168.4.20– Exchange 192.168.5.1 to 192.168.5.20
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Main Aim of Subnetting
Problem with the previous Scenario is :-
• Broadcast is done for 254 IPs rather than for 20 IPs.
• Wastage of IP addresses (Approximately 1000)
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POWER TABLEPOWER TABLE
21 = 2
22 = 4
23 = 8
24 = 16
25 = 32
26 = 64
27 = 128
28 = 256
29 = 512
210 = 1024
211 = 2048
212 = 4096
213 = 8192
214 = 16384
215 = 32768
216 = 65536
217 = 131072
218 = 262144
219 = 524288
220 = 1048576
221 = 2097152
222 = 4194304
223 = 8388608
224 = 16777216
225 = 33554432
226 = 67108864
227 = 134217728
228 = 268435456
229 = 536870912
230 = 1073741824
231 = 2147483648
232 = 4294967296
Power table
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Some Important Values
VALUES IN SUBNET MASK
Bit Value Mask
1 128 10000000
2 192 11000000
3 224 11100000
4 240 11110000
5 248 11111000
6 252 11111100
7 254 11111110
8 255 11111111
VALUES IN SUBNET MASK
Bit Value Mask
1 128 10000000
2 192 11000000
3 224 11100000
4 240 11110000
5 248 11111000
6 252 11111100
7 254 11111110
8 255 11111111
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Requirement of Networks is 5 ?Example – 1
• No. of Host= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 25 – 2= 32 – 2= 30 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet= 2n – 2 Req. of Subnet= 23 – 2 5 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)= 8 – 2 = 6 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Naveen Patel
x
Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID192.168.1.0
• Customized Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111. 1110000012
8 64 3232
192.168.1.32192.168.1.64192.168.1.96192.168.1.128192.168.1.160192.168.1.192192.168.1.224
192.168.1.31192.168.1.63192.168.1.95192.168.1.127192.168.1.159192.168.1.191192.168.1.223192.168.1.255
x
Valid Subnets
224If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits
6 Subnet & 30 Hosts/Subnet
Customized Subnet Mask255.255.255.224
Subnet Range 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.63 MCSE . 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.95 CISCO .
192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.127 FIREWALL192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159 SOLARIS192.168.1.160 to 192.168.1.191 TRAINING
192.168.1.192 to 192.168.1.223 Future Use
If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits6 Subnet & 30 Hosts/Subnet
Customized Subnet Mask255.255.255.224
Subnet Range 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.63 MCSE . 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.95 CISCO .
192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.127 FIREWALL192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159 SOLARIS192.168.1.160 to 192.168.1.191 TRAINING
192.168.1.192 to 192.168.1.223 Future Use
Naveen Patel
Requirement of Networks is 14 ?Example – 2
• No. of Host= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 24 – 2 = 16 - 2= 14 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet= 2n – 2 Req. of Subnet= 24 – 2 14 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)= 16 – 2 = 14 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
Naveen Patel
x
Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID192.168.1.0
• Customized Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111. 1111000012
8 64 32
x
Valid Subnets
1616
192.168.1.224 – 192.168.1.239192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.255
– 192.168.1.15192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.31192.168.1.32 – 192.168.1.47192.168.1.48 – 192.168.1.63
240If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits
14 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
Customized Subnet Mask255.255.255.240
Subnet Range 192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.47192.168.1.48 to 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.80
192.168.1.224 to 192.168.1.239
If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits14 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
Customized Subnet Mask255.255.255.240
Subnet Range 192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.47192.168.1.48 to 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.80
192.168.1.224 to 192.168.1.239
Naveen Patel