AcidsLesson 4

Acid and BaseDefinitions

Acid and Base Definitions

Bronsted Arrhenius

Acid Base Acid Base

proton donor proton acceptor ionizes to H+ ionizes to OH-

 Strong means completely.

  

Weak means partially.

Definitions  1. Strong Arrhenius Acid-   

   

completely ionizes in water to H+

HCl H+ + Cl-

2. Strong Bronsted Acid- completely donates a proton to a base

HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-

3. Strong Arrhenius Base-  

   

completely ionizes in water to OH-

KOH K+ + OH-

4. Strong Bronsted Base- completely accepts a proton from an acid

NH2- + H2O NH3 + OH-

5. Weak Arrhenius Acid-      

partially ionizes in water to H+

HF ⇄ H+ + F-

6. Weak Bronsted Acid- partially donates a proton to a base

HF + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + F-

7. Weak Arrhenius Base-  

   

partially ionizes in water to OH-

Zn(OH)2 ⇄ Zn2+ + 2OH-

8. Weak Bronsted Base- partially accepts a proton from an acid

NH3 + H2O ⇄ NH4+ + OH-

Acids Bases

Is NH3 an acid or a base in water?

Base- it is closer to the strong bases than strong acids

Memorize the following NH3 is a weak base when in water

NH4+ is a weak acid

H2O is an acid when with a base and a base when with an acid and is amphiproticH2O is always neutral when pure

⇄ NH4+ + OH-

⇄ H3O+ + IO3-

Write a reaction showing water acting as a acid

H2O + NH3

Write a reaction showing water acting as an base

H2O + HIO3

Acid AnhydrideMeans an Acid without water Add water and you get an acidThey are nonmetal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify

  

SO2 + H2O H2SO3

CO2 + H2O H2CO3

N2O5 + H2O H2N2O6 2HNO3

 

  

Cl2O7 + H2O H2Cl2O8 2HClO4

C2O3 + H2O H2C2O4

I2O5 + H2O H2I2O6 2HIO3

Basic anhydrideMeans a base without water Add water and you get a base- OH styleThey are metal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make a base- start with a metal K2O + H2O

 

 

 

2KOH

CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

Na2O + H2O 2NaOH

BaO + H2O Ba(OH)2

Classify each formula and write an equation.strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

HNO3

CO2

Mg(OH)2

H2C2O4

Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-

Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O H2CO3

H2CO3 ⇄ H+ + HCO3-

Strong Base Mg(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2OH-

Weak Acid H2C2O4 ⇄ H+ + HC2O4-

Classify each formula and write an equation.strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.

Rb2O Basic Anhydride Rb2O + H2O 2RbOH

RbOH Rb+ + OH-

Strong base NH2- + H2O NH3 + OH-

Weak base CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH-

NH2-

CN-

NaOH Strong base NaOH Na+ + OH-