ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the...
-
Upload
jody-gordon -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the...
![Page 1: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ACIDS & BASES
![Page 2: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion
(H3 O +) at the beginning
Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in
stomach
Bitter Turn litmus paper blue pH above 7 Contain hydroxide ion
(OH --) at the end Electron donors Proton acceptors Slippery to touch Can be amphoteric (can
act as either acid or base)
ACIDS BASES
![Page 3: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
NEUTRALIZATION
Acid + base yields salt (metal & n.m) + water
Forms products with pH of 7
![Page 4: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PH SCALE
![Page 5: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
TYPES OF ACIDS
Contain carbon Weaker Found in foods Ex: malic, lactic,
carbonic, citric, acetic
Do not contain carbon
Usually stronger Ex: nitric, sulfuric,
hydrochloric, phosphoric
Organic Inorganic
![Page 6: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Monoprotic acids---donate 1 HEx: hydrochloric, nitric
Diprotic acids ---donate 2 HEx: sulfuric
Triprotic acids---donate 3HEx: phosphoric
![Page 7: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Formed when metals in Groups 1A---3A react with water
Ex: sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide
ammonia
Strong Bases Weak Bases
![Page 8: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
INDICATORS Substances that change color with pH
change Ex: litmus paper, pH paper, red cabbage
juice, bromthymol blue, phenolphthalein, methyl orange, methyl red
![Page 9: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ACID RAIN
Sulfur oxides + water Formed from
smokestacks of power plants
****natural acid rain is carbonic acid
Nitrogen oxides + water
Formed from car exhausts
Sulfuric Nitric
![Page 10: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
DISSOCIATION (AKA IONIZATION)
The breaking apart of a molecule into its ions in solution
The stronger acid or base, the faster & more completely it breaks apart
![Page 11: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What is produced when a base gains a proton
Ex:HCl + H2O yields Cl-
What is produced when an acid loses a proton
Ex:H2O + H2
Conjugate Acid Conjugate Base
![Page 12: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Part of the acid without water
Ex:
Part of the base without water
Ex:
Acid anhydride Base anhydride
![Page 13: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
TITRATION
The controlled addition of an acid to a base using a buret
Is really a type of neutralization reaction End point—when the end of titration is
reached
![Page 14: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: ACIDS & BASES Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) at the beginning Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd91a28abf838caf9f7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PH FORMULAS