1Class-VII Chemistry Question Bank

4 ACID, BASES AND SALTSQuestion-Answers.Q. 1. What do you understand by the term acid? Support your answer by

giving one example, along with an equation for:(i) monobasic acid (ii) dibasic acid (iii) tribasic acid.

Ans. A substance which dissolves in water to furnish H+ ions as the onlypositively charged ions, is called an acid.For example, (i) Monobasic acid, HCl

H O2 H+ + Cl–

(ii) Dibasic acid, H2SO4 H O2 2H+ + SO4

2–

(iii) Tribasic acid, H3PO4 H O2 3H+ + PO4

3–

Q. 2. Classify the following acids as organic acids and inorganic acids.(i) Acetic acid (ii) Carbonic acid (iii) Nitric acid (iv) Lactic acid(v) Sulphuric acid (vi) Nitrous acid (vii) Oleic acid (viii) Hydrochloricacid (ix) Citric acid (x) Tartaric acid

Ans. (i) Organic acid (ii) Inorganic acid (iii) Inorganic acid (iv) Organic acid(v) Inorganic acid (vi) Inorganic acid (vii) Organic acid(viii) Inorganic acid (ix) Organic acid (x) Organic acid

Q. 3. What do you understand by the term (i) strong acid, (ii) weakacid? Support your answer with two examples.

Ans. Strong Acids— The acids in which more than 30% of its moleculesionise in water to furnish H+ ions are called strong acids. For example,sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl).Weak Acids— The acids in which less than 30% of molecules ionisein water to furnish H+ ions, are called weak acids. For example,carbonic acid (H2CO3), sulphurous acid (H2SO3).

Q. 4. State two uses of the following acids.(i) Sulphuric acid (ii) Hydrochloric acid (iii) Nitric acid.

Ans. (i) Sulphuric acid — (a) It is used in the manufacture of fertilisers.(b) It is used in car batteries.

(ii) Hydrochloric acid — (a) It is used for cleaning metal surfacesduring tinning and galvanising.(b) It is used for preparing glucose from starch.

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(iii) Nitric acid — (a) It is used in the manufacture of fertilisers.(b) It is used in the manufacture of explosives like TNT(trinitrotoluene) and TNG (trinitroglycerine).

Q. 5. (i) What do you understand by the term base?(ii) What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

(iii) Give examples of: (a) strong alkalis (b) weak alkalis.Ans. (i) The substances which react with acids to form salt and water as the

only products are called bases.(ii) All bases soluble in water are called alkalies. Therefore, all alkalis

are bases but all bases are not alkalis.(iii) Strong alkalis — Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Potassium hydroxide (KOH).Weak alkalis — Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH).

Q. 6. By giving two examples, define the following.(i) Normal salts (ii) Acid salt (iii) Basic salt (iv) Hydrated salt(v) Anhydrous salt (vi) Deliquescent salt.

Ans. (i) Normal Salt— A salt formed by the complete replacement of thehydrogen ions (H+) of an acid with metal ions (or positivelycharged ions) is called a normal salt. For example,

1. Sodium chloride (NaCl) 2. Potassium sulphate (K2SO4)(ii) Acid salt — A salt formed by the partial replacement of H+ ions

from the molecule of an acid, with metal ions, is called an acidsalt. For example, 1. Sodium hydrogen sulphate (NaHSO4)

2. Calcium hydrogen carbonate [Ca(HCO3)2].(iii) Basic salt — A salt formed by the partial neutralisation of

hydroxyl ions (OH–) of a base, by an acid is called a basic salt. Forexample,

1. Zinc hydroxy chloride [Zn(OH)Cl]2. Copper hydroxy chloride [Cu(OH)Cl].

(iv) Hydrated salt—A salt which contain certain fixed number ofwater molecules attached loosely to one molecule of the salt, iscalled a hydrated salt. For example,1. Copper sulphate [CuSO4.5H2O] 2. Iron sulphate [FeSO4.7H2O].

(v) Anhydrous salt— The residue left when a hydrated salt loses itswater of crystallisation, is called an anhydrous salt. For example,

1. Anhydrous copper sulphate (CuSO4)2. Anhydrous iron sulphate (FeSO4).

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(vi) Deliquescent salt— A salt which change into solution form due toabsorption of water from the air, is called a deliquescent salts. Forexample, 1. Calcium chloride 2. Magnesium chloride.

Q. 7. What happens when(i) an acid reacts with a base?

(ii) an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?(iii) a few drops of phenolphthalein are added to an acidic

solution?Ans. (i) When an acid reacts with a base, salt and water are formed.

(ii) When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, carbon dioxide gas isreleased.

(iii) When a few drops of colourless phenolphthalein are added to anacidic solution, the solution remains colourless.

Q. 8. What is an indicator? Name the three acid-base indicators knownto you. Also give their colours in acidic and basic solutions.

Ans. Indicators are substances that help to identify the nature of a solutionby changing their colour.Indicators Colour in acids Colour in basic

solutionLitmus Red BlueMethyl Orange Red YellowPhenolphthalein Colourless Pink

Q. 9. Which acid is produced in the human digestive system? Whathappens when the body produces too much of this acid. Name abase that is used in antacids.

Ans. Hydrochloric acid is produced in the human digestive system. When thebody produces too much of this acid, it damages the walls of thestomach and ulcers are formed. Magnesium hydroxide and aluminiumhydroxides are used as antacids.

Q. 10. What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples.Ans. The process in which an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water

as the only products, is called neutralisation. For example,H2SO4 + 2NaOH ⎯→ Na2SO4 + 2H2OSulphuric acid Sodium hydroxide Sodium sulphate Water2HCl + CuO ⎯→ CuCl2 + H2OHydrochloric acid Copper oxide Copper chloride Water

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Q. 11. What do you mean by the term organic acids? Give five examplesof organic acids.

Ans. The acids obtained from plants or animals are called organic acids. Forexample,1. Acetic acid 2. Ascorbic acid 3. Citric acid 4. Maleic acid5. Tartaric acid

Q. 12. Define an acid. What are inorganic acids? Give three exampleseach of strong inorganic acids and weak inorganic acids alongwith their formulae.

Ans. A substance which dissolves in water to furnish H+ ions as the onlypositively charged ions is called an acid.

The acids which are obtained from the minerals present in theearth, are called inorganic acids.Strong inorganic acids— 1. Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) 2. Hydrochloricacid (HCl) 3. Nitric acid (HNO3).Weak inorganic acids— 1. Carbonic acid (H2CO3) 2. Sulphurousacid (H2SO3) 3. Nitrous acid (HNO2).

Q. 13. Name the following salts along with their formulae and give theiruses.(i) Nitre (ii) Plaster of Paris (iii) Blue vitriol (iv) Baking. Soda(v) Washing Soda

Ans. (i) Nitre— Potassium nitrate (KNO3).Used in the manufacture of nitric acid, fertilizers and gun powder.

(ii) Plaster of Paris — Hydrated calcium sulphate (CaSO4.½H2O).Used for setting fractured bones and used for making statues.

(iii) Blue vitriol — Hydrated copper sulphate (CuSO4.5H2O)Used as a fungicide in agriculture.

(iv) Baking soda — Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3). Used formaking baking powder and antacid tablets for controlling acidity.

(v) Washing soda — Hydrated sodium carbonate (Na2CO3.10H2O).Used for washing clothes, in fire extinguishers and in themanufacture of glass and caustic soda.

Q. 14. Give three physical properties of an acid including the colourchanges shown by three different indicators.

Ans. Physical properties of acids—1. They have a sour taste.2. Strong acids have corrosive action on the skin. They cause painful

blisters.

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3. Most of the acids are soluble in water.Acids turn blue litmus solution red, methyl orange solution pink.

Acids do not affect colourless phenolphthalein solution.Q. 15. Give the physical properties of a base including the colour change

shown by three different indicators.Ans. 1. Bases have a bitter taste.

2. Bases have a soapy touch.3. Bases are corrosive in nature.

Bases turn red litmus blue, methyl orange solution yellow andphenolphthalein solution from colourless to pink.

Q. 16. What is a base? Give three examples of water-soluble and water-insoluble bases.

Ans. The substances which react with acids to form salt and water as the onlyproducts are called bases.Water-soluble bases 1. Sodium hydroxide

2. Potassium hydroxide 3. Calcium hydroxideWater-insoluble bases 1. Ferric hydroxide

2. Copper hydroxide 3. Aluminium hydroxide.Q. 17. An element combines with oxygen to form an oxide. The oxide

dissolves in water. This aqueous solution formed changes bluelitmus paper red. Is the element a metal or a non-metal?

Ans. The element is a non-metal and forms an acidic oxide. The oxidedissolve in water to form an acid which turns blue litmus paper red.

Q. 18. An element burns in oxygen to form an oxide which dissolves inwater to give a pink colour with phenolphthalein. On adding HCl,the pink colour disappears. What kind of oxide was formed? Whatis the nature of the aqueous solution?

Ans. It is a metallic oxide and the solution is basic in nature.Q. 19. Why is it not advisable to preserve pickles in metal containers?Ans. Pickles should not be stored in metal containers as they contain weak

acids. These acids react with the metal of the container forming harmfulsalts and corroding the container.

Q. 20. Why is vinegar considered to be a weak acid?Ans. Vinegar does not ionise completely in water to give H+ ions, so it is

considered to be a weak acid.Q. 21. What are antacids? How do they work?Ans. The acidity produced in our stomach by the secretion of excess of

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6Class-VII Chemistry Question Bank

hydrochloric acid in our stomach can be overcome by taking antacids.Antacids are weak bases like magnesia (MgO) which neutralize theexcess acids in the stomach.

ExercisesA. Give balanced equations for the following reactions.

1. Reaction of sulphur trioxide with waterSO3 + H2O ⎯→ H2SO4

2. Reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with sodium carbonate2HCl + Na2CO3 ⎯→ 2NaCl + H2O + CO2

3. Formation of an acid salt from sodium hydroxide and dilute sulphuricacidNaOH + H2SO4 ⎯→ NaHSO4 + H2O

4. Reaction of sodium hydroxide with ammonium chlorideNaOH + NH4Cl ⎯→ NaCl + NH3 + H2O

5. Reaction between carbon dioxide and waterH2O + CO2 ⎯→ H2CO3

6. Reaction between magnesium and sulphuric acidMg + H2SO4 ⎯→ MgSO4 + H2

B. Differentiate between the following. Give examples.1. Dibasic and tribasic acids 2. Bases and alkalis3. Neutral and acid salt 4. Acids and bases

Ans. 1. The acids which consist of two replaceable hydrogen atoms arecalled dibasic acids and the acids which have three replaceablehydrogen atoms are called tribasic acids.

2. The substances which react with acids to form salt and water as theonly products are called bases. All bases which are soluble in waterare called alkalis.

3. A salt formed by the complete replacement of the hydrogen ions (H+)of an acid with metal ions is called a neutral salt. When a salt isformed by the partial replacement of H+ ions of an acid from itsmolecule, it called an acid salt.

4. The substances which dissolve in water to furnish H+ ions as the onlypositively charged ions are called acids. The substances which reactwith acids to form salt and water as the only products are calledbases.

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C. Tick ( ) the most appropriate answer.1. When magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, the gas formed

is(a) chlorine (b) hydrogen (c) hydrogen chloride (d) none of these

2. A blue crystalline salt used in agriculture as fungicide, is(a) blue vitriol (b) hydrated ferrous sulphate(c) washing soda (d) chile saltpetre

3. Antacids generally consist of(a) Mg(OH)2 (b) NaOH (c) Ca(OH)2 (d) KOH

4. Copper vessels are generally coated with(a) silver (b) lead (c) aluminium (d) tin

5. The chemical formula of Plaster of Paris is(a) CaSO4 (b) CaSO4.½H2O (c) CaSO4.H2O (d) CaSO4.2H2O

6. When a metal carbonate is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid, thegas liberated is(a) hydrogen (b) carbon dioxide (c) chlorine (d) carbon monoxide

7. The chemical name of nitre is(a) sodium nitrate (b) potassium nitrate(c) calcium nitrate (d) ammonium nitrate

8. Ammonia liquor is prepared by dissolving(a) ammonia gas in alcohol (b) ammonia gas in water(c) ammonia gas in petrol(d) ammonia gas in sodium hydroxide solution

9. Carbon dioxide gas is formed when acids react with(a) metallic oxides (b) bases (c) alkalis (d) metal carbonates

10. Which of the following does not displace hydrogen from acids?(a) Silver (b) Zinc (c) Magnesium (d) Sodium

11. Alkalis are bases soluble in(a) acids (b) water (c) salts (d) none of these

12. Neutralisation reactions take place between(a) acids and salts (b) bases and salts(c) acids and bases (d) acids and metals

13. Which of the following is not an indicator?(a) Methyl orange (b) Phenolphthalein(c) Blue litmus (d) Iron hydroxide

14. Every substance which is sour in taste has in it some(a) base (b) acid (c) salt (d) oxide

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15. Acids present in fruits and vegetables are(a) organic acids (b) mineral acids(c) sulphonic acids (d) inorganic acids

16. Acids turn blue litmus paper(a) red (b) green (c) colourless (d) yellowish white

17. Hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are(a) dibasic (b) monobasic (c) tribasic (d) tetrabasic

18. Acids react with some of the metals to produce a gas called(a) oxygen (b) nitrogen (c) hydrogen (d) carbon dioxide

Ans. 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (a)11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (c).

D. State whether the statements given below are true or false:1. Magnesium displaces chlorine from hydrochloric acid.2. All mineral acids react with metal oxides to form salt and water as the

only products.3. Nitric acid is a weak acid.4. Potassium hydroxide is a weak alkali.5. Acids turn litmus solution blue.6. Sodium hydroxide is used in the preparation of soap.7. Calcium hydroxide suspension is used in white washing.8. Ammonium hydroxide is prepared by dissolving ammonia in water.

Ans. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. T 8. T.E. Statements given below are incorrect. Write the correct statements.

1. A substance which dissolves in water to furnish OH– ions, is called an acid.Ans. A substance which dissolves in water to furnish H+ ions, is called an acid.

2. Phosphoric acid is a triacidic acid.Ans. Phosphoric acid is a tribasic acid.

3. Ammonium hydroxide on warming, decomposes to form ammonia gas andhydrogen gas.

Ans. Ammonium hydroxide, on warming, decomposes to form ammonia gas andwater.

4. Calcium hydroxide is used for making soap.Ans. Sodium hydroxide is used for making soap.

5. Potassium chloride is a salt of potassium hydroxide and sulphuric acid.Ans. Potassium chloride is a salt of potassium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.

6. Washing soda is used for making baking powder.Ans. Baking soda is used for making baking powder.

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7. Blue vitriol is the common name of copper chloride.Ans. Blue vitriol is the common name of hydrated copper sulphate.

8. A salt which changes into the liquid state on absorbing water from air, iscalled hydrated salt.

Ans. A salt which changes into the liquid state on absorbing water from air, iscalled the a deliquescent salt.

9. Acids turn phenolphthalein pink.Ans. Acids turn phenolphthalein solution colourless.

10. Basicity of calcium hydroxide is one.Ans. Basicity of calcium hydroxide is two.

11. Acids turn red litmus paper blue.Ans. Alkalis turn red litmus paper blue.

12. All bases are alkalis.Ans. All alkalis are bases.

13. Solutions of bases do not conduct electricity.Ans. Solutions of bases conduct electricity.

14. Sulphuric acid dissociates to give one hydrogen ion per molecule of theacid.

Ans. Sulphuric acid dissociates to give two hydrogen ions per molecule of theacid.

15. Phosphoric acid turns phenolphthalein from colourless to pink.Ans. Phosphoric acid turns phenolphthalein from pink to colourless.

16. All alkalis are bases and all bases are alkalis.Ans. All alkalis are bases but all bases are not alkalis.

17. Calcium hydroxide is an example of a tribasic acid.Ans. Calcium hydroxide is an example of a dibasic acid.

18. A pH paper when dipped in a solution of a strong acid turns violet in colour.Ans. A pH paper when dipped in a solution of a strong acid turns red in colour.F. Fill in the blanks.

1. The acid found in lemons, is called ........................ acid.2. Sulphuric acid is an example of a ........................ acid.3. The oxides of ........................ which react with water to form acids, are

called acidic oxides.4. Magnesium displaces .................... from dilute sulphuric acid.5. Soluble bases are called ........................ .6. All metallic ........................ give out carbon dioxide gas when treated

with dilute hydrochloric acid.

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7. Blue vitriol is an example of a ........................ salt.8. An acid which furnishes 2 H+ ions per molecule, is called a

........................ acid.9. All acids are compounds containing ........................ which can be

replaced by ........................ .10. All acids conduct ........................ through them.11. The number of replaceable hydroxyl groups in one molecule of a base

is called its ........................ .12. An acid reacts with an alkali to form ............ and .............. .13. Alkalis turn phenolphthalein ........................ .14. ................. acid does not liberate hydrogen gas when treated with zinc.15. ........................ is used for making soap.16. Aluminium chloride is a ........................ salt.17. Acids turn the colour of methyl orange ........................ .18. A salt containing water of crystallisation is called a ................... salt.19. Bases that dissolve in water are called ........................ .20. All alkalis are .................... but all .................... are not alkalis.21. Oxides of metals dissolve in water to produce ..................... .22. A base and an acid react with each other to produce a ............ .23. An ........................ salt changes the colour of moist blue litmus paper

to red.24. Acids react with metal carbonates to produce ................... gas.

Ans. 1. citric 2. strong 3. metals 4. hydrogen 5. alkalis 6. carbonates7. hydrated 8. dibasic 9. hydrogen ions, bases 10. electricity 11. acidity12. salt, water 13. pink 14. Nitric 15. Sodium hydroxide 16. normal17. red 18. hydrated 19. alkalis 20. bases, bases 21. bases 22. salt andwater 23. acidic 24. carbon dioxide

G. Define:1. Salt 2. Acid 3. Base 4. Basicity 5. Acid salt 6. Basic salt 7. Hydratedsalts 8. Indicators

Ans. 1. A salt is a compound formed by the neutralisation reaction betweenan acid and a base.

2. An acid is a compound, which furnishes hydrogen ions (H+) as theonly positively charged ions, when dissolved in water.

3. A base is a compound that reacts with an acid to give salt and water.4. The basicity of an acid is the number of hydrogen ions produced

by one molecule of that acid when dissolved in water.

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5. The salt formed by the incomplete or the partial neutralisation of anacid with a base is called, an acid salt, for example, — NaHSO4.

6. The salt which is formed by the incomplete or the partialneutralisation of a base with an acid, is called a basic salt. Forexample, zinc hydroxy chloride Zn(OH)Cl.

7. The salt which has a fixed number of water molecules looselyattached to its molecules is called a hydrated salts.

8. Indicators are substances that help to identify the nature of asolution by changing their colours.

G. Match Column A with Column B.Column A Column B

1. Acid radical (a) replaceable hydroxyl groupspresent in one molecule of a base

2. Alkali (b) Na2CO33. acidity of a base (c) group of atoms, besides hydrogen

atomacting as a unit4. Normal salt (d) acid5. Neutralisation of acid and base (e) base6. Turns red litmus paper blue (f) formation of salt and water7. Turns blue litmus paper red (g) soluble base8. Citric acid (h) ant and bee stings9. Boric acid (i) aerated drinks

10. Carbonic acid (j) vinegar11. Formic acid (k) tears12. Acetic acid (l) oranges

Ans. 1. (c) 2. (g) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (f) 6. (e) 7. (d) 8. (l) 9. (k) 10. (i) 11. (h)12. (j)

I. Classify the following as acids, bases or salts:1. Lemon juice 2. Grape juice 3. Milk of magnesia 4. Sodium bicarbonate5. Calcium sulphate 6. Common salt 7. Sour milk 8. Caustic soda9. Limewater 10. Zinc oxide

Ans. I. 1. Acid 2. acid 3. base 4. salt 5. salt 6. salt 7. acid 8. base 9. base10. base

J. Name:

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1. Three naturally occurring acids and their sources.2. Three strong acids. 3. Two acid salts.4. Two basic salts. 5. Two normal salts.6. Three common indicators. 7. Three hydrated salts.

Ans. 1. Natural acids — (a) Citric acid — Oranges(b) Maleic acid — Apples(c) Acetic acid — Vinegar

2. Strong acids — Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid.3. Acid salts — Sodium bisulphate, sodium bicarbonate.4. Basic salts — Zinc hydroxychloride, lead hydroxychloride.5. Normal salts — Sodium chloride, potassium sulphate.6. Indicators — Litmus, methyl orange, phenolphthalein.7. Hydrated salts — Blue vitriol or copper sulphate, iron sulphate,

magnesium sulphate.K. Complete and balance the following chemical equations:

1. CaO + H2O ⎯→ 2. Na2O + H2O ⎯→3. CO2 + H2O ⎯→ 4. SO3 + H2O ⎯→5. Zn + H2SO4 ⎯→ 6. NaOH + H2SO4 ⎯→7. NaHCO3 + H2SO4 ⎯→ 8. NaCl + AgNO3 ⎯→9. Na2CO3 + HCl ⎯→ 10. KOH + HCl ⎯→

11. CuO + 2HNO3 ⎯→ 12. NaOH + HCl ⎯→13. Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 ⎯→

Ans. 1. CaO + H2O ⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→ Ca(OH)22. Na2O + H2O ⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→ 2NaOH3. CO2 + H2O ⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→ H2CO34. SO3 + H2O ⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→ H2SO45. Zn + H2SO4 ⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→ ZnSO4 + H26. 2NaOH + H2SO4 ⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→ Na2SO4 + 2H2O7. NaHCO3 + H2SO4 ⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→ NaHSO4 + H2O + CO28. NaCl + AgNO3 ⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→ NaNO3 + AgCl9. Na2CO3 + 2HCl ⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→ 2NaCl + H2O + CO2

10. KOH + HCl ⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→ KCl + H2O

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11. CuO + 2HNO3 ⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→ Cu(NO3)2 + H2O12. NaOH + HCl ⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→ NaCl + H2O13. Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 ⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→⎯→ CaSO4 + 2H2O

L. Name the following.1. A blue crystalline salt, used as fungicide in agriculture.2. An acid found in grapes.3. A salt used in the manufacture of gun powder.4. An acid which is used for the preservation of food articles.5. A salt used for setting broken bones.6. A tribasic acid.7. A weak acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water.8. An indicator which changes its colour from blue to red in acids.9. An acid present in sour milk.

10. An acid used in flavouring drinks.11. A base which is not an alkali.12. An acid salt and a normal salt of the same acid.13. A salt formed by incomplete neutralisation of a base with an acid.14. The type of salt which absorb moisture from the atmosphere and

dissolve in it to form a clear liquid or a solution.15. The chemical name of sal ammoniac.16. The method of formation of a normal salt from a base and an acid.

Ans. 1. Blue vitriol 2. Maleic acid 3. Nitre 4. Acetic acid 5. Plaster of Paris6. Phosphoric acid 7. Carbonic acid 8. Litmus 9. Lactic acid 10.Carbonic acid 11. Magnesium oxide 12. Sodium sulphate is normal salt,Sodium bisulphate is acid salt 13. Basic salt 14. Deliquescent salt 15.Ammonium chloride 16. Neutralisation

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