ACIDS AND BASES

SNC 2D1

What is an acid?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kcDSngXldB0

household acids

• Vinegar (Acetic Acid)• Sour fruits like Lemon (Citric Acid)• Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

Properties of acids

• Commonly contain H+

• Water-soluble (this may make them more dangerous)

• Sour-Tasting• Corrosive• Conduct electricity

Reactive Properties of acids

• React with Metals to produce Hydrogen Gas

• Hydrochloric Acid + Zinc Hydrogen Gas + Zinc Chloride

• React with Carbonates and Hydrogen Carbonates

•

Hydrochloric Acid + Calcium Carbonate Water + Carbon Dioxide + Calcium Chloride

household bases• Antacid (Aluminum Hydroxide)• Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)• Drain Cleaner (Sodium Hydroxide)

Properties of bases

• Commonly contain OH-

• Water-soluble (this may make them more dangerous)

• Bitter-Tasting• Corrosive• Conductive• React with Protein (eg. those in your skin

and eyes)*Another word for BASIC is ALKALINE

Why you should wear goggles

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DedE68fjKRM

Electrical conductivity

• Acids and bases both conduct electricity, since they dissociate into ions when dissolved in water.

• Ex. Sodium Hydroxide: NaOH NaOH

• Sulphuric Acid: H2SO4 2HSO4

Naming acids and bases

• When the chemical formula of an acid starts with H and has only one other non-metallic element, it is named by adding the prefix "hydro" and the suffix "ic" and the word "acid".

• HCl HYDROCHLORIC ACID• HF HYDROFLUORIC ACID

Naming acids and bases

• Acids that contain a polyatomic ion and an oxygen atom (oxyacids) can be named as follows:

• • a) If the polyatomic ion ends in "ate" add the

suffix "ic" and the word acid.• • b) If the polyatomic ion ends in "ite" add the

suffix "ous" and the word acid.

Naming acids and bases

• • SO4

2- is Sulfate, so H2SO4 SULPHURIC ACID

• SO32- is Sulfite, H2SO3 SULPHUROUS ACID

Naming acids and bases

• The name of a base can be determined from the name of the positively charged metallic ion or polyatomic ion at the beginning and then adding the word "hydroxide".

• • NaOH SODIUM HYDROXIDE• NH4OH AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

Naming acids and bases

• Some bases are more difficult to recognize.

• Substances that contain BICARBONATE or HYDROGEN CARBONATE, HCO3

- are bases because they react with water to form hydroxide ions

• • Ex: NaHCO3 SODIUM BICARBONATE

Homework

• -Textbook pg. 271 #1-7

• -Acids and Bases Summary Table