Acids and Bases

Integrated Science

Four Acids

• Hydrochloric Acid– HCl

• Sulfuric Acid– H2SO4

• Nitric Acid– HNO3

• Phosphoric Acid– H3PO4

Definitions

• When IONIC compounds are dissolved in water, they break down into their ions– IONIC = one metal and one non metal– EXAMPLE: NaCl (s) Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

NaCl (solid)

Na+

Na+

Na+Cl-

Cl-

Cl-

Definitions

• An acid makes H+ when it is dissolved in water.HCl (l) H+1 (aq) + Cl-1 (aq)

H3PO4 (l) 3 H+1 (aq) + PO4-3 (aq)

H2SO4 (l) 2 H+1 (aq) + SO4-2 (aq)

HNO3 (l) H+1 (aq) + NO3-1 (aq)

Definitions

• In other words…– An acid has a hydrogen ion in it.

Hydrogen Ions = Acid

Hydrochloric Acid• It is the

acid that is in your stomach

Hydrochloric Acid

• Too little stomach acid– Infections

• Too much stomach acid– Ulcers (stress can cause too)

Hydrochloric Acid

• Helps to make plastics– PVC Pipes– Milk Jugs– Rain Coats

Hydrochloric Acid

• Helps to make food products– Gelatin– Food Preservatives

• We do not eat the HCl, it just helps to make the things that we do eat.

Sulfuric Acid

• 165 million tons made a year in the United States

• Companies spend almost 8 billion dollars to make sulfuric acid.

Sulfuric Acid• It is battery acid

Sulfuric Acid

• It is used to make fertilizers

Sulfuric Acid

• Fertilizers help to grow bigger and better crops and vegetables

Sulfuric Acid

• It helps in refining oil• Oil refineries

separate oil into different products.– Gasoline– Kerosene– Diesel

Nitric Acid

• Used to make fertilizers .• Used to purify gold from ore.

Nitric Acid

• It is used in explosives– TNT• Nobel

– Oklahoma City Bombing• Fertilizers

Phosphoric Acid

• Used to remove rust• Used to process and

preserve food.

Phosphoric Acid

• Used by dentist and orthodontists to make braces stick to your teeth.

• Used to whiten teeth.

Thee Bases

• Potassium Hydroxide– K(OH)

• Calcium Hydroxide– Ca(OH)2

• Sodium Hydroxide– Na(OH)

Definitions

• When IONIC compounds are dissolved in water, they break down into their ions– IONIC = one metal and one non metal– EXAMPLE: NaCl (s) Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

NaCl (solid)

Na+

Na+

Na+Cl-

Cl-

Cl-

Definitions

• An base makes OH- when it is dissolved in water.

K(OH) (s) OH-1 (aq) + K+1 (aq)

Ca(OH)2 (s) 2 OH-1 (aq) + Ca-2 (aq)

Na(OH) (s) OH-1 (aq) + Na-1 (aq)

Definitions

• In other words…– An base has a hydroxide ion in it.

Hydroxide Ions = Base

Uses of Bases

• All bases have common uses– Used to make soaps– Used as catalysts– Used to make paper

Making Paper

• Bases make the brown wood pulp used to make paper white.