Acids and Bases An Introduction. Acids A group of chemical compounds (more than one element) with...
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Transcript of Acids and Bases An Introduction. Acids A group of chemical compounds (more than one element) with...
![Page 1: Acids and Bases An Introduction. Acids A group of chemical compounds (more than one element) with similar properties Solutions of acids have a sour taste.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082505/56649da85503460f94a94b2b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Acids and Bases
An Introduction
![Page 2: Acids and Bases An Introduction. Acids A group of chemical compounds (more than one element) with similar properties Solutions of acids have a sour taste.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082505/56649da85503460f94a94b2b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Acids
• A group of chemical compounds (more than one element) with similar properties
• Solutions of acids have a sour taste• Can be classified as strong or weak
– Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a strong acid used in car batteries– Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid used to clean
mortar from bricks– HCl also used for digestion in stomach in weaker
solution
![Page 3: Acids and Bases An Introduction. Acids A group of chemical compounds (more than one element) with similar properties Solutions of acids have a sour taste.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082505/56649da85503460f94a94b2b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Common Acids and some everyday uses
![Page 4: Acids and Bases An Introduction. Acids A group of chemical compounds (more than one element) with similar properties Solutions of acids have a sour taste.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082505/56649da85503460f94a94b2b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Problems with acids
• Can cause contamination in waterways and threaten fish
• Acid rain causes soils to become ‘sour’ and stunts plant growth
• Steel and marble buildings are corroding faster than ever, due to increased levels of acidity of atmosphere
![Page 5: Acids and Bases An Introduction. Acids A group of chemical compounds (more than one element) with similar properties Solutions of acids have a sour taste.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082505/56649da85503460f94a94b2b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bases
• Chemical compounds that are the opposite of acids• Bases that are soluble in water are called alkalis• Have a bitter taste and a soapy feel• Commonly used in the home as cleaning agents– Sodium hydroxide (NaOH- caustic soda) is a strong base
used to make soaps, drain cleaner and oven cleaner• A concentrated solution is corrosive (will burn the skin) and
poisonous
![Page 6: Acids and Bases An Introduction. Acids A group of chemical compounds (more than one element) with similar properties Solutions of acids have a sour taste.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082505/56649da85503460f94a94b2b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Common household bases and some everyday uses
![Page 7: Acids and Bases An Introduction. Acids A group of chemical compounds (more than one element) with similar properties Solutions of acids have a sour taste.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082505/56649da85503460f94a94b2b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Reactions of acids and bases
• When acids are added to bases, they cancel each other out– Called a neutralisation reaction
Example: – Indigestion, it is due to too much acid in the stomach;
Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2 is used to counteract the stomach acids
– Bee stings contain acid and can be treated with a base, such as ammonia
– Wasp stings contain a base, so they are better treated with an acid such as vinegar
![Page 8: Acids and Bases An Introduction. Acids A group of chemical compounds (more than one element) with similar properties Solutions of acids have a sour taste.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082505/56649da85503460f94a94b2b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Reactions of acids and bases
• In any neutralisation reaction, the acid and base combine to produce a salt and water
acid + base → salt + water
Eg. When hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride and water are formed.
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium chloride + water(acid) (base) (salt) (water)