Acid Base Solution
Transcript of Acid Base Solution
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ACID-BASE SOLUTION
Chemistry For Senior High School
XI
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prefaceTo the Student
Chemistry is all around us. We encounter matterand its changes in daily life. And studyingchemistry helps us understand various processesthat take place around us.
The author hope from this e-book for you, it willmake your study of chemistry more successful,
interesting, and enjoyable.To the Teacher
This book is written in such a way to encouragestudents to participate in learning activity. Adeeper qualitative and quantitativeunderstanding of the concepts will be primed
through explanation, key question, exercise, andproblems in learning activity. With this e-bookcomes hope that student will be able tounderstand concept of chemical matter.
Last Words
Praise be to Allah SWT who gives me time and
ability to write this e-book. The author thanks toDrs. Sukarmin, M.Pd, lecturer in chemistrydepartment at UNESA for gives steps to make thise-book. And also for critics and suggestions aregreatly welcomed.
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Introduction
In daily life, acid and basecompounds can be easily founds.
Acid and Bases are compound
that have hold an important role
in our daily life. In living beings,
foods and drugs, households,
goods, farming, as well as raw
material for industries.
EXAMPLE
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A. TEORI ASAM BASA
Istilah asam (acid) berasal daribahasa latin acetum yangberarti cuka, karena diketahui zatutama dalam cuka adalah asam
asetat. Adapun basa (alkali)berasal dari bahasa Arab yangberarti abu. Hingga saat ini, adatiga pengertian asam-basa yang
dikemukakan oleh empatilmuwan. Mereka adalah SvanteArrhenius, Johannes Bronsted,Thomas Lowry, dan Gilbert
Newton lewis.
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A. ACID-BASE THEORY
The word acid is derived from Latin
word acetum, meaning vinegar.
The main substance in vinegar is
acetic acid. Base (alkali) is derived
from an Arabic word, meaning ash.Until now, there are three
definition of acid-base stated by
four scientists. They are Svante
Arrhenius, Johannes Bronsted,Thomas Lowry and Gilbert Newton
Lewis.
Note :
Make sure to distinguish the term Base and
alkali.
A Base that can dissolve in water is called an
alkali. Hence all alkalis are bases but not all
bases are alkalis (Esis page 162)
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1. Pengertian Asam-Basa
Menurut Arrhenius
Tahun 1884, ilmuwanSwedia bernama SvanteArrhenius mengemukakan
pengertian Asam-Basaberdasarkan reaksi ionisasi.Menurut Arrhenius, asamadalah zat yang jika dilarutkan
dalam air akan menghasilkanion H+ , sedangkan basa adalahzat yang jika dilarutkan dalamair akan menghasilkan ion OH-.
Tabel contoh senyawa asam basa
menurut Arrhenius dan reaksi
ionisasinya
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Senya
waContoh Reaksi ionisasi
Asam HCl (Asamklorida)
HCl(aq) H+
(aq) + Cl-(aq)
CH3COO
H(asam asetat)CH3COOH(aq)
CH3COO-(aq) + H+(aq)
H2SO4(asam
sulfat)
H2SO4(aq) 2H+(aq)+SO42-(aq)
H2CO3
(asam
karbonat)
H2CO3(aq)2H+(aq)+
CO32-(aq)
Basa NaOH
(Natrium
Hidroksida)
NaOH(aq)
Na+(aq)+OH-(aq)
KOH(Kaliu
m
hidroksida)
KOH(aq)K+(aq)+OH-
(aq)
Al(OH)3
(Aluminiumhidroksida)
Al(OH)3(aq) Al3+(aq) +
3OH-(aq)
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1. Definition of Acid-Base by
Arrhenius
In 1884, a Swedish scientist,
Svante Arrhenius defined the
definition of acid base based
on ionization reaction.According to Arrhenius, acid is
any substance that produces
H+ ion if it is dissolved in water,
while base is any substance
that produces OH- ion if it is
dissolved in water.
Tabel examples of Acid base
Compounds Based on Arrhenius
and Ionization Reactions
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Berdasarkan jumlah ion H+
(untuk asam) atau ion OH- (untukbasa) yang dihasilkan dalam
reaksi ionisasi, senyawa asam-
basa dapat dikelompokkn
menjadi asam-basa monoprotik (
ion H+/OH- = 1) dan asam
poliprotik ( ion H+/OH- > 1).
Asam-basa poliprotik dapatmengalami beberapa kali reaksi
ionisasi
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2. Pengertian Asam-Basa Menurut
Bronsted-Lowry
Pada tahun 1923, ilmuwan DenmarkJohannes Bronsted dan ilmuwanInggris Thomas Lowry mengemukakanteori asam-basa berdasarkan serahterima proton (H+). Menurut
Bronsted-Lowry, asam adalah zat yangdapat memberikan proton (H+) padazat lain {donor proton). Suatu zatbaikyang bermuatan positif, negatif,ataupun netral termasuk asam
Bronsted-Lowry asalkan mempunyaiminimal satu atom H. Misalnya, HCl,H2SO4, HSO4-, H3O, dan NH4+.Berikut ini model atom beberapasenyawa tersebut.
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Basa adalah zat yang dapatmenerima proton (H+) dari zat
lain (akseptor proton). Suatu zatbaik yang bermuatan positif,negatif, ataupun netral termasukbasa Bronsted-Lowry jika
mempunyai pasangan elektronbebas yang dapat berikatandengan atom H, misalnya NH3,CO
3
2-, dan OH- .
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Pengertian asam-basa yang dikemukakanBronsted-Lowry memperbaiki kelemahanteori asam-basa Arrhenius. Pengertianasam-basa Arrhenius hanya berlaku untuksenyawa yang larut dalam pelarut airkarena reaksi ionisasi yang menghasilkanion H+ dan ion OH" hanya terjadi dalampelarut air. Bagaimana jika senyawatersebut tidak dilarutkan dalam air?
Hal itu tidak dapat dijelaskan Arrhenius,tetapi dapat dijelaskan oleh Bronsted-Lowry. Teori asam-basa Bronsted-Lowrydapat menjelaskan semua reaksi yang
terjadi dalam bentuk apapun, termasukgas, larutan bukan air, larutan air, dancampuran heterogen. Penentuan suatu zatsebagai asam Bronsted-Lowry atau basaBronsted-Lowry dapat dilakukan jika zattersebut bereaksi dengan zat lainnya.
Perhatikan Animasi berikut
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