Achieving the MDGs: Rural Development Investment Cluster

Achieving the MDGs:

Rural Development Investment Cluster

www.unmillenniumproject.org

Introduction

The rural development investment cluster includes interventions to: increase food production increase incomes, and ensure access to basic infrastructure

services


Key Areas of Intervention

1. Agricultural productivity

2. Rural income Generation

3. Transport

4. Energy

5. Water supply and sanitation

6. Water resources infrastructure and management


Agricultural Productivity and Rural Income Generation- Key Points

Interventions address poverty and hunger targets

Exact interventions will depend on underlying characteristics of poverty and hunger in the country

To address the hunger goal, these will need to be supplemented with interventions to address the three types of hunger – Hidden, Chronic, and Acute


Agricultural Productivity-Choose Interventions

Focus on food-insecure farmers

Interventions aimed at increasing food productivity to increase household consumption and generate marketable surplus

Interventions cover:

Investments to increase soil health (e.g. fertilizers, manure, agroforestry)

Provision of improved seeds and planting material Investments in small scale on-farm water management for

agriculture (e.g. traditional water harvesting and conservation, pumps, drip irrigation)

Agriculture and irrigation extension services with a special focus on reaching women farmers, and

Research in agriculture Develop agriculture support systems, such as early warning

systems


Rural Income Generation-Choose Interventions

Help the poor connect with markets from which they are excluded – Farmers associations– Community and market centers– Improving transportation systems– Training and skills development

Improve the terms on which the poor transact – Land– Quality financial services including microfinance– Storage facilities to reduce post harvest losses

Value-addition/agro-based processing activities


Agricultural Productivity and Rural Income Generation-

Define Targets

Agricultural productivity Taking 1990 as the baseline year, enable at least half of the

food-insecure subsistence farm households to grow enough food to feed themselves by 2015

Rural income generation Taking 1990 as the baseline year, provide at least half the

food-insecure households in rural areas with access to food storage facilities, quality financial services, value added food processing services, off-farm employment and marketing organizations (such as cooperatives) by 2015.


Estimate Resource Needs

Country demographic data

Needs per beneficiary

TOTAL NEEDS

Target Population

Target coverage rates

Cost, HR, infrastructure components for key

interventions


Total Hunger needs

Increasing Agricultural Productivity

Rural Income Generation

Improving Nutrition

The Hunger Dimension- Task Force Recommendations

Invest in Soil Health

Small scale water management

Improved seeds

Extension

Research

Storage

Livestock

Processing

Credit

Farmer associations

Market space

Food for Work

Pregnant women, lactating mothers and infants (7-24 months)

School meals

Supplementation for vulnerable groups

Diet diversification

Food Aid


Interventions to Improve Nutritional Outcomes

Direct nutritional interventions to pregnant women and lactating mothers

Encourage complementary feeding for infants

School meals sourced through local production

Reduce under-nutrition among children under 5 years

Reduce vitamin and mineral deficiencies targeted at vulnerable groups, through micronutrient supplementation when needed

Emergency relief (early warning systems, safety nets, direct food aid)





3. Transport

4. Energy




The case for transport infrastructure and services as part of MDG strategy

Transport is not mentioned in the MDGs, but improved transport services (incl. roads, railways, and ports) are critical to:– Lower cost of national and international trade– Reduce cost of agricultural inputs and raise farmgate prices

for produce– Improve prospects for non-farm rural employment– Improve access to urban employment– Improve access to social services (in particular emergency

obstetric care to reduce MMR)– Reduce time poverty – particularly of women


Transport -Choose Interventions

Transport systems for health and other essential social services and infrastructure maintenance

Upgrading and construction of footpaths, paved secondary or district roads as well as small paved feeder and community roads.

Institutional structure and funding arrangements for adequate road maintenance (such as dedicated road funds).


Transport -Possible Targets

By 2015 establish national systems for providing and maintaining motorbikes or other vehicles in support of healthcare, agricultural extension, maintenance of infrastructure, etc.

Ensure that 90 percent of the rural population is within 2km of the nearest motorized pick-up point by 2015.


Very preliminary roads needs assessment

Elements of a roads needs assessment:Transport services

• cost of setting up, operating and maintaining an integrated fleet of vehicles to provide key social services and infrastructure maintenance

• See Riders for Health costing model (www.riders.org)

Transport infrastructure• carry out an inventory of existing road stock to

ascertain the need for rehabilitation and regular maintenance

• estimate additional roads needed to meet the access targets





3. Transport

4. Energy




The case for energy infrastructure and services as part of MDG strategy

Energy is not mentioned in the MDGs, but improved access to energy services is critical to:– Lower indoor air pollution (e.g. to reduce U5MR)– Improve provision of social services (e.g. lighting in schools,

refrigeration in health centers)– Increase agricultural productivity (e.g. through groundwater

pumps)– Reduce women’s time poverty (e.g. to halve poverty and

achieve gender equity goal)– Make energy available for manufacturing industries and

other productive uses (e.g. to halve poverty)– Halt deforestation and other land degradation (?)


Energy Services for the MDGs

Cooking with modern fuels

Electricity

Motive power/energy to be generated by simple things water pumping etc


Energy Choose “MDG-compatible”

Interventions Distribution of efficient cooking stoves

Distribution of modern fuels

Improved ventilation, chimneys, smokehoods, etc. to reduce the adverse health impacts from cooking with biomass

Increase sustainable biomass production (e.g. agroforestry, woodlots or community forestry, area closures, etc.)

Off-grid systems together with necessary wiring to schools and health facilities.

Facilitate community access to electricity and mechanical power

Facilitate the use of electricity in rural communities that are not connected to the grid, through batteries and charging stations

Rehabilitation and extension of the electric power grid/connection etc

Motive power infrastructure and fuels/diesel generator etc


Energy Possible Rural Targets

Enable the use of modern fuels and devices for 50% of those who at present use traditional biomass for cooking.

Support x% of the population in adopting improved cook-stoves and measures to reduce the adverse health impacts from cooking with biomass.

Ensure by 2008 that all schools and health facilities have access to electricity.

Provide access to modern energy services at the community level for all rural communities (in the form of electricity and mechanical power).


Additional Energy Interventions and Policy Changes

Interventions: Large-scale electricity generation Tariff collection support (pre-paid metering, for example)

Policies and organization Tariff structure reform/subsidies to poor households

etc


EnergyEstimate Resource Needs – Key Points

Choice among electricity technologies (esp. grid- and off-grid) should be based on low cost

Community-level interventions scale-up according to size of rural communities

The basic needs assessment approach is well-suited to calculating needs for ACCESS to energy services


Energy Needs Assessment

Coverage Targets (Access )•Modern fuels for 50% of those who currently use biomass•Electricity for urban and peri-urban areas•Electricity and motive power for rural communities

Population & Infrastructure Data • # of HH• # of communities• km of LV/MV/HV line

Cost Data • Cooking: Cookstoves and fuel • Electricity: ($ per km line; connection cost; $/kWh)

Input Ratios: • kg fuel per hh• kWh of electricity per hh/yr

x

Covered Population

&

Total Costs







5. Transport

6. Energy


Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural)-Choose Interventions

Provision and operation of infrastructure for domestic water supply

Construction and operation of sanitation facilities including drainage systems and facilities for disposal of sullage and wastewater

Hygiene education including awareness campaigns in primary schools, through community based organizations, media, and so on

Provision and operation of infrastructure for water supply and sanitation for schools and health facilities.


Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural)-Define Targets

MDG Target 10

Taking 1990 as the baseline year:

Halve the proportion of people in rural areas without sustainable access to safe drinking water by 2015.

Halve the proportion of people in rural areas without sustainable access to basic sanitation by 2015, aiming for each target village to achieve full sanitation coverage and to end the practice of open defecation.


Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural):Estimating Needs - Key Points

Define technology mix to be used each year (e.g. boreholes vs. rainwater collection, latrines vs. septic tanks)

Include rehabilitation of existing but defective infrastructure

Include full operation and maintenance costs

Millennium Project needs assessment tool is available







5. Transport

6. Energy


Case for water resources management and infrastructure as part of MDG strategy IWRM needed to manage increasingly scarce water

resources effectively (National Regional Local) Water storage is required to

– Mitigate impact of run-off variability to ensure perennial water supply

– Increase hydropower potential– Flood protection

No country has generated sustained economic growth without large-scale investments in water storage

Irrigation infrastructure required to– Increase yields and strengthen potential for cash crops– Mitigate impact of inter and intra seasonal precipitation

variability Use of climate forecasting


Water Resources Infrastructure & Management - Interventions

Provision and maintenance of water storage and other infrastructure for water management (such as watershed management and water conservation, early warning systems, ground and surface storage systems, etc.)

Plans, systems and institutions for integrated water resources management, as appropriate.

Hydrological monitoring

Measures to address the social and environmental issues associated with large-scale water management infrastructure


Water and sanitation-illustrative model

INSERT MODEL BUTTON HERE


Thinking about Country Needs

Are there costed sectoral strategies? What interventions/coverage/target are relevant for

your country? How do these investments need to be scaled up? How to ensure that sectoral NA work is integrated into

national planning processes?


Thinking about Country Needs

Who are the key stakeholders to be engaged to:–identify interventions, –set targets, –provide data–agree on unit costs, with review by technical experts

How to ensure that targets and interventions are monitored and evaluated periodically?

What institutional changes, if any, are needed?

Achieving the MDGs: Rural Development Investment Cluster

Documents

Transcript of Achieving the MDGs: Rural Development Investment Cluster