Presenter

Michael Lemire Director of Information Security michael.lemire@acquia.com

Agenda

•  Drupal in the Federal government

•  Current Federal compliance landscape

•  Overview of FISMA Compliance process •  Achieving Compliance in Acquia Managed Cloud

•  The Shared Responsibility Model

•  Designing Drupal for Compliance

•  Acquia Managed Cloud System Security Plan

•  Risk Assessment

•  Follow up

Drupal in the Federal Government Governments are expanding use of Drupal

•  Drupal is open source •  Cost effective vs proprietary licensed software •  Proven secure – used by hundreds of thousands of sites

•  Drupal facilitates shared development between agencies •  Intranet and Internet sites

•  www.whitehouse.gov •  www.house.gov •  www.ready.gov (FEMA) •  www.investor.gov (SEC) •  www.teach.gov •  www.ed.gov •  www.energy.gov •  www.neh.gov

Current US Government Compliance Landscape FISMA, DIACAP and FedRAMP are standardized approaches to security assessment,

authorization, and continuous monitoring for information systems utilized by the Federal government.

FISMA - Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002. Applicable to non-

DoD agencies. DIACAP – Department of Defense Information Assurance Certification and Accreditation

Process. Applicable to DoD related agencies. With both FISMA and DIACAP each information system must be documented, reviewed

by independent third party assessor and authorized by authorizing officials. Can be time consuming, expensive FedRAMP – The Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP) is a

government-wide program that provides a standardized approach to security assessment, authorization, and continuous monitoring for cloud products and services

FISMA, DIACAP and FedRAMP Process

Federal Compliance - High Level Process 1. Categorize the System – FIPS 199

Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

2. Select the controls – NIST 800-53

3. Implement the controls and document them

-System Security Plan -Privacy Impact Assessment

4. Assess – Contract with Third Party

Assessor -3PAO reviews SSP and creates STE &

POA&M

5. Authorize – This package of documents submitted to the

Authorizing Official who reviews, comments, asks for revisions.

-grants IATC and/or ATO

6.Monitor – Continuous update to SSP , continuous mitigation of items

identified in STE and POA&M

FedRAMP - Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program

•  Establishes an “authorize once, use many times” framework for cloud computing products and services. FedRAMP is meant to supersede FISMA and DIACAP for cloud products.

•  FedRAMP was established on Dec 8, 2011 via a memorandum produced by the Federal Chief Information Officer and is due to achieve Initial Operating Capacity in 2012.

•  Based on the same NIST publications as FISMA with added controls pertinent to the cloud

•  Acquia Managed Cloud Controls and Documentation are “future proof as they include all the FedRAMP controls

Coming Soon - FedRAMP

Step 1: Categorize the system –FIPS 199

Establish the “high water mark”- Low/Moderate or High http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips199/FIPS-PUB-199-final.pdf

NIST  800-­‐53  Revision  3  

Annex  1  –  low  “high  water  mark”  Annex  2  –  moderate  “high  water  mark”  Annex  3  –  high  “high  water  mark”    

Note:  800-­‐53  rev  4  *coming  soon*  

Step 2: Select the controls

Step 3: Implement and document the controls The System Security Plan (SSP) -a narrative description of the system -define the “accreditation boundary” – what is it that is being authorized -describes the system and the environment where it resides

.. And the controls, divided into control families: Risk Assessment (RA)

Planning (PL)

System and Service Acquisition (SA) Access Control (AC)

Certification and Authorization (CA) Audit and Accountability (AU)

Personnel Security (PS) System and Communication Protection (SC)

Physical and Environmental Security (PE)

Continuity Planning (CP)

Configuration Management (CM)

Maintenance (MA)

System and Information Integrity (SI)

Media Protection (MP)

Incident Response (IR)

Awareness and Training (AT)

Identification and Authentication (IA)

Step 4: Assess The Controls (Audit) The assessment is a validation by an independent auditor that “you do what

you say you do”. Guided by NIST 800-53a

The third party assessor (3PAO) is tasked with reviewing the SSP and validating are those control in place. *May or may not be required, check with your AO*

3PAO creates Security Test & Evaluation Plan (ST&E) and the System

Assessment Report (SAR) which documents the evidencing activities and results. -documents what is non-compliant

Plan of Action Milestone (POA&M) – Lists controls which are not in place and the plan to implement those controls

Step 5: Authorize the System Finally the FISMA C&A Package is submitted to the Authorizing Official The package contains:

•  The SSP •  Relevant Policies and Procedures •  The FIPS 199 categorization

•  The SAR and ST&E •  The POA&M

Authorizing Official once satisfied with the controls issues Authority to Operate

(ATO)

Step 6: Monitor and Update •  Update the SSP as things change •  Resolve issues and follow plan per POA&M

•  Continuous monitoring of risks •  Re-authorize system every 3 years

Achieving FISMA Compliance in Acquia Cloud Acquia Managed Cloud is a Shared Responsibility Model: PaaS (AMC) built on IaaS (Amazon AWS) Three primary layers in the shared responsibility model: • Application Layer (Drupal) • OS Stack Layer (Linux, Windows, Database, etc) • Infrastructure Layer (Datacenter, network)

*Each entity must document the controls for which they are responsible for.*

Acquia  Cloud  Customers  inherit  the  controls  from  Acquia  Managed  Cloud  and  Amazon  AWS  

   

Achieving FISMA Compliance in Acquia Cloud

Designing Drupal for FISMA Compliance Drupal Layer Relevant Controls for a FISMA Moderate System which require customization of Drupal Access Control Controls AC-7 •  Automatically lock user accounts after 3 consecutive failed login attempts within 24 hour period •  Provide ability for help desk to unlock accounts •  Automatically lock user accounts after 5 consecutive failed login attempts AC-8 Provide ability to add a warning banner at login page if applicable AC-9 Login notice – show date and time of last login and number of unsuccessful login attempts since last login AC-10 Limit the number of concurrent sessions AC-11 Session inactivity – automatically log user out after 20 minutes of inactivity Information Assurance Controls IA-4 Disable account after 90 days of inactivity (FISMA low) or 45 days (FISMA moderate/high) IA-5 •  Password complexity requirements: min 8 characters, require upper/low case, numbers and special characters •  Prevent re-use of previous 6 passwords

System Integrity Controls SI-3 Scan files before storing in system

How  to  achieve  these  controls?  

Option  1:    Drupal  7  +  contributed  modules  Password  Policy  http://drupal.org/project/password_policy  

•  Specify  password  complexity  requirements  

 

Session  expire    http://drupal.org/project/session_expire    

•  Expire  sessions  after  X  amount  of  time  

Antivirus    http://drupal.org/project/antivirus  

ClamAV  http://drupal.org/project/clamav  

•  Scan  files  for  malware  as  they  are  uploaded  

Designing Drupal for FISMA Compliance

Designing Drupal for FISMA Compliance

How  to  achieve  these  controls?  

Option  2:    Use  the  OpenPublic  Drupal  Distribution  

 •  OpenPublic  is  an  open-­‐source,  content  management  system  (CMS)  

built  with  Drupal  and  tailored  to  the  needs  of  government.  

•  Acquia  has  worked  with  Phase2  Technologies  to  ensure  the  Phase2  distribution  has  controls  necessitated  by  FISMA  (moderate)    

http://openpublicapp.com/  

 

Putting  it  together  –  Control  Mapping  Acquia’s control mapping shows what controls agency customers inherit and what they are responsible for. Customer configured – Acquia or Drupal provides means to accomplish; customer configuration required. Customer provided – Agency policies and procedures

Example SSP control description: Control: (from 800-53) Control Type: Agency/Common/Hybrid Control Status: Implemented/Planned/Not Applicable Application Layer: Responsibility: Customer (Agency) Implementation Detail: Describe how the control is the responsibility of the agency. LAMP Stack Layer: Responsibility: Acquia Implementation Detail: Describe how the control is implemented Infrastructure: Responsibility: Amazon Implementation Detail: Refer to hosting provider’s SSP Acquia documents its control responsibilities in its SSP Amazon documents its control responsibilities in its SSP

Acquia Managed Cloud SSP

Risk  Assessment  

FISMA  Compliance  also  requires  security  vulnerability  scans  to  be  run  and  reports  included  with  the  C&A  package  as  part  of  the  “Risk  Assessment”.  

 

Agencies  may  use  their  own  tools  or  Acquia  can  do  these  on  your  behalf.      Acquia  utilizes  Qualys,  a  leading  vulnerability  assessment  platform.    Scans  are  conducted  from  Qualys  SaaS  platform  via  the  internet.  

Acquia  has  a  dedicated  Federal  Sales  team  

Contact  Sean  Burns      sean.burns@acquia.com        

 

Acquia  can  provide  agencies  existing  FISMA  System  Security  Plans  (Acquia  and  Amazon).  

 

Both  require  signed  NDA  with  respective  organizations.  

Follow  up  with  Acquia