Achievements and Lessons Learnt in WASH

Sanjay WijesekeraChief WASH, UNICEFJune 2015

Dushanbe Water for Life

Conference

swijesekera@unicef.org

The MDG target for drinking water target has been met but the world has missed the sanitation target

In 47 countries, less than half the population uses improved sanitation in 2015

Substantially faster progress is needed to eliminate open defecation, especially in Southern Asia and sub-

Saharan Africa

0

20

40

60

80

100

37 Ethiopia

8 Uganda

27 Eastern Africa

15 Centraal Africa

50 UrbanPoorest 20%

51 Rural

12 Urban

0 Maputo cidade

7 Maputo provincia

20 Gaza

13 Inhambane

50 Sofala

37 Manica

60 Tete

75 Zambezia

43 Nampula

28 Cabo Delgado

0 Mauritius

13 Kenya

23 Nigeria

77 South Sudan

40 Mozambique

28 Sierra Leone

46 Sudan

57 Burkina Faso

65 Chad

29 Western Africa

20 Southern Africa

3 Northern Africa0 UrbanRichest 20%

13 RuralRichest 20%

96 RuralPoorest 20%

21 AFRICA

Averages mask huge disparities: open defecation

Emerging Post-2015 Goals and Targets (OWG proposals)

SDG#6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

Target 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all

Target 6.2: By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations

Target 6.3: By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and increasing recycling and safe reuse by [x] per cent globally

6

Closing the gap in one generation is possible

Richest quintile

Poorest quintile

2012

1995

The richest 20% have much higher access than do other wealth groups and the gap is increasing

Urban Sanitation Rural Water

TogoMadagascarNigerChadSierra LeoneGabonBurkina FasoBeninGhanaGuineaNamibiaAngolaCôte d'IvoireEthiopiaCentral African RepublicUnited Republic of TanzaniaMalawiUgandaDemocratic Republic of the CongoMozambiqueMaliGuinea-BissauComorosKenyaSenegalLesothoNigeriaCameroonZambiaBurundiZimbabweRwandaSwazilandTunisiaEgypt

0 20 40 60 80 100

Use of improved sanitation, rural (%)

Poorest

Second

Middle

Fourth

Richest

Collection time and gender dimensions of water hauling

Lesson 1: Address inequalities

WHO / UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (2013)

Lead & enable

• Analysis to identify bottlenecks• Plan and allocate resources transparently• Set policies and standards to address inequalities

Coordinate &

manage

• Decide institutional roles and responsibilities• Coordinate partners around a single plan• Hold people accountable for results

Support &

maintain

• Monitor progress and take corrective action• Finance and support frontline staff• Invest in capacity for operation and maintenance

Lesson 2: A well governed sector achieves results

Open defecation

Unimproved sanitation

Improved latrine

Flush toilet coverage

Lesson 3: start by focusing on behaviours

Handwashing varies widely between countries and regions

Lesson 4: Innovate to improve sustainability (return on $1M Spent)

Oxford University impacts from real time monitoring in Kenya shows quick improvements in sustainability

Lesson 5: Climate variability impacts on WASH

In Sierra Leone 40% of the improved water points provide insufficient water during the dry season.

Source: Sierra Leone Waterpoint Report, Ministry of Energy and Water Resources (2012)

Indonesia report that due to drought and water shortage 29% of the children spend more time on collecting water due to water stress.

Source: The impacts of climate change on nutrition and migration affecting children in Indonesia, UNICEF (2011)

In Mongolia 12% of the rivers, 15% of the springs and 18% of the lakes have dried up over the past decade.

Source: Mongolia Second Communication to the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (2010)

In Niger, the number of people that had access to sanitation and improved hygiene behaviour decreased due to floods affecting the latrines (in Dosso).

Source: Plan International (2013) Trigger annual 2012 report. Plan International, Region of Eastern and Southern Africa (RESA).

In Bangladesh 16.5 million people live in areas vulnerable to increasing frequency and severity of cyclones and tidal surge.

Source: Managed Aquifer Recharge: Creating Fresh Drinking Water in Brackish Aquifers, UNICEF (2014)

A more coherent approach to assess and manage risks to WASH

Thank You

THANK YOU